{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T20:29:31Z","timestamp":1776284971984,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]],"date-time":"2000-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":954547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]],"date-time":"2000-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":954547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytokine &amp; Growth Factor Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1359-6101(99)00025-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T09:47:06Z","timestamp":1027590426000},"page":"15-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":245,"title":["TGF-\u03b2 signaling by Smad proteins"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kohei","family":"Miyazono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/37284","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins","volume":"390","author":"Heldin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.753","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signal transduction","volume":"67","author":"Massagu\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyazono K, ten Dijke P, Heldin C-H. TGF-\u03b2 signaling by Smad proteins. Adv Immunol (in press), 2000","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(00)75003-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.127.6.1755","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein-2 converts the differentiation pathway of C2C12 myoblasts into the osteoblast lineage","volume":"127","author":"Katagiri","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17,079","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.27.17079","article-title":"Identification of a novel bone morphogenetic protein-responsive gene that may function as a noncoding RNA","volume":"273","author":"Takeda","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.20.3519","article-title":"Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-6 signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation","volume":"112","author":"Ebisawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujii M, Takeda K, Imamura T, Sampath TK, Enomoto S, Kawabata M, Kato M, Ichijo H, Miyazono K. Roles of bone morphogenetic protein type I receptors and Smad proteins in osteoblastic and chondroblastic differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 1999;10:3801\u201313","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.10.11.3801"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(97)00036-1","article-title":"Signal transduction by bone morphogenetic proteins","volume":"9","author":"Kawabata","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16,985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32506-1","article-title":"Identification of type I receptors for osteogenic protein-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-4","volume":"269","author":"ten Dijke","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25,628","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.40.25628","article-title":"Specific activation of Smad1 signaling pathways by the BMP7 type I receptor, ALK2","volume":"273","author":"Mac\u0131\u0301as-Silva","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29,195","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.44.29195","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b21 induces nuclear export of inhibitory Smad7","volume":"273","author":"Itoh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.133.2.457","article-title":"Chondrogenic differentiation of clonal mouse embryonic cell line ATDC5 in vitro: differentiation-dependent gene expression of parathyroid hormone (PTH)\/PTH-related peptide receptor","volume":"133","author":"Shukunami","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.123.4.921","article-title":"Human osteogenic protein-1 induces both chondroblastic and osteoblastic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells derived from newborn rat calvaria","volume":"123","author":"Asahina","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4535","article-title":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase functionally contributes to chondrogenesis induced by growth\/differentiation factor-5 in ATDC5 cells","volume":"250","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Cell. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6094","article-title":"Transient gene transfer and expression of Smad7 prevents bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice","volume":"104","author":"Nakao","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80061-1","article-title":"Human Smad3 and Smad4 are sequence-specific transcription activators","volume":"1","author":"Zawel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.11.3091","article-title":"Direct binding of Smad3 and Smad4 to critical TGF\u03b2-inducible elements in the promoter of human plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 gene","volume":"17","author":"Dennler","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21,145","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.33.21145","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of a Smad binding element (SBE) in the JunB promoter that acts as a transforming growth factor-\u03b2, activin, and bone morphogenetic protein-inducible enhancer","volume":"273","author":"Jonk","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1997.5149","article-title":"Characterization of MADH2\/Smad2 gene, a human Mad homolog responsible for transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and activin signal transduction pathway","volume":"48","author":"Takenoshita","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.2.703","article-title":"Alternatively-spliced variant of Smad2 lacking exon 3: comparison with wild-type Smad2 and Smad3","volume":"274","author":"Yagi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202729","article-title":"A short amino-acid sequence in MH1 domain is responsible for functional differences between Smad2 and Smad3","volume":"18","author":"Dennler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80119-7","article-title":"Smad2 and Smad3 positively and negatively regulate TGF\u03b2-dependent transcription through the forkhead DNA-binding protein FAST2","volume":"2","author":"Labb\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5406.1317","article-title":"Convergence of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and vitamin D signaling pathways on Smad transcriptional coactivators","volume":"283","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80258-5","article-title":"Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts","volume":"89","author":"Komori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80259-7","article-title":"Cbfa1, a candidate gene for cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome, is essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone development","volume":"89","author":"Otto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80986-1","article-title":"AML1, the target of multiple chromosomal translocations in human leukemia, is essential for normal fetal liver hematopoiesis","volume":"84","author":"Okuda","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6751","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.12.6751","article-title":"CBF\u03b13 (AML2) is induced by TGF-\u03b21 to bind and activate the mouse germline Ig \u03b1 promoter","volume":"161","author":"Shi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31,577","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.44.31577","article-title":"Interaction and functional cooperation of PEBP2\/CBF with Smads: synergistic induction of the immunoglobulin germline C\u03b1 promoter","volume":"274","author":"Hanai","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pardali E, Xie X-Q, Itoh S, Konstantinos A, Panagiotis T, Heldin C-H, ten Dijke P, Grundstr\u00f6m T, Sideras P. Smad and AML proteins synergistically confer TGF\u03b21 responsiveness of human germ-line IgA genes. J Biol Chem (in press), 2000","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.5.3552"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.1998.00217.x","article-title":"Role of p300, a transcriptional coactivator, in signalling of TGF-\u03b2","volume":"3","author":"Nishihara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gene Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.14.2153","article-title":"The tumor suppressor Smad4\/DPC4 and transcriptional adaptor CBP\/p300 are coactivators for Smad3 in TGF-\u03b2-induced transcriptional activation","volume":"12","author":"Feng","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.14.2114","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-stimulated cooperation of Smad proteins with the coactivators CBP\/p300","volume":"12","author":"Janknecht","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22,865","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.36.22865","article-title":"Physical and functional interaction of Smads and p300\/CBP","volume":"273","author":"Pouponnot","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.9.12.3309","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 regulates its interaction with coactivator p300\/CREB-binding protein","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28,716","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.40.28716","article-title":"E1A inhibits transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling through binding to Smad proteins","volume":"274","author":"Nishihara","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5413.479","article-title":"Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300","volume":"284","author":"Nakashima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80712-6","article-title":"A Smad transcriptional corepressor","volume":"97","author":"Wotton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.4.412","article-title":"Ski is a component of the histone deacetylase complex required for transcriptional repression by Mad and thyroid hormone receptor","volume":"13","author":"Nomura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akiyoshi S, Inoue H, Hanai J-i, Kusanagi K, Nemoto N, Miyazono K, Kawabata M. c-Ski acts as a transcriptional co-repressor in TGF-\u03b2 signaling through interaction with Smads. J Biol Chem 1999;274:35269\u201377","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.49.35269"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.17.2196","article-title":"The Ski oncoprotein interacts with the Smad proteins to repress TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80201-4","article-title":"Interaction of the Ski oncoprotein with Smad3 regulates TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"4","author":"Sun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5440.771","article-title":"Negative feedback regulation of TGF-\u03b2 signaling by the SnoN oncoprotein","volume":"286","author":"Stroschein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Cytokine &amp; Growth Factor Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359610199000258?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359610199000258?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T10:50:51Z","timestamp":1761216651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1359610199000258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1359610199000258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1359-6101(99)00025-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling by Smad proteins","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1359-6101(99)00025-8","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}