{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:38:23Z","timestamp":1770896303931,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Chemical Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1367-5931(03)00075-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,30]],"date-time":"2003-06-30T16:15:45Z","timestamp":1056989745000},"page":"516-523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["MicroRNAs: key participants in gene regulatory networks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xi-Song","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chang-Mei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"De-Pei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chih-Chuan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.202401","article-title":"Most of the human genome is transcribed","volume":"11","author":"Wong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/35103511","article-title":"Non-coding RNA genes and the modern RNA world","volume":"2","author":"Eddy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.1.189","article-title":"The non-coding RNAs as riboregulators","volume":"29","author":"Erdmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1064921","article-title":"Identification of novel genes coding for small expressed RNAs","volume":"294","author":"Lagos-Quintana","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065062","article-title":"An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"294","author":"Lau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065329","article-title":"An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"294","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.974702","article-title":"miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs","volume":"16","author":"Mourelatos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00809-6","article-title":"Identification of tissue-specific microRNAs from mouse","volume":"12","author":"Lagos-Quintana","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01017-5","article-title":"CARPEL FACTORY, a Dicer homolog, and HEN1, a novel protein, act in microRNA metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.003210","article-title":"Endogenous and silencing-associated small RNAs in plants","volume":"14","author":"Llave","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1004402","article-title":"MicroRNAs in plants","volume":"16","author":"Reinhart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2141503","article-title":"Numerous microRNPs in neuronal cells containing novel microRNAs","volume":"9","author":"Dostie","year":"2003","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2146903","article-title":"New microRNAs from mouse and human","volume":"9","author":"Lagos-Quintana","year":"2003","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90529-Y","article-title":"The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/35002607","article-title":"The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"403","author":"Reinhart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2183803","article-title":"A uniform system for microRNA annotation","volume":"9","author":"Ambros","year":"2003","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068597","article-title":"Large-scale transcriptional activity in chromosomes 21 and 22","volume":"296","author":"Kapranov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062961","article-title":"A cellular function for the RNA-interference enzyme Dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal RNA","volume":"293","author":"Hutvagner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00431-7","article-title":"Genes and mechanisms related to RNA interference regulate expression of the small temporal RNAs that control C. elegans developmental timing","volume":"106","author":"Grishok","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.927801","article-title":"Dicer functions in RNA interference and in synthesis of small RNA involved in developmental timing in C. elegans","volume":"15","author":"Ketting","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062039","article-title":"A role for the RNase III enzyme DCR-1 in RNA interference and germ line development in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"293","author":"Knight","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073827","article-title":"A microRNA in a multiple-turnover RNAi enzyme complex","volume":"297","author":"Hutvagner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.862301","article-title":"RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs","volume":"15","author":"Elbashir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/35053110","article-title":"Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference","volume":"409","author":"Bernstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)01641-8","article-title":"Domains in gene silencing and cell differentiation proteins: the novel PAZ domain and redefinition of the Piwi domain","volume":"25","author":"Cerutti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9523","article-title":"The lin-4 regulatory RNA controls developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans by blocking LIN-14 protein synthesis after the initiation of translation","volume":"216","author":"Olsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80245-2","article-title":"The lin-41RBCC gene acts in the C. elegans heterochronic pathway between the let-7 regulatory RNA and the LIN-29 transcription factor","volume":"5","author":"Slack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/ng865","article-title":"Micro RNAs are complementary to 3\u2032 UTR sequence motifs that mediate negative post-transcriptional regulation","volume":"30","author":"Lai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076311","article-title":"Cleavage of Scarecrow-like mRNA targets directed by a class of Arabidopsis miRNA","volume":"297","author":"Llave","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8342","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205094","article-title":"Vertebrate hairy and Enhancer of split related proteins: transcriptional repressors regulating cellular differentiation and embryonic patterning","volume":"20","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.16.3441","article-title":"The enhancer of split complex of Drosophila includes four Notch-regulated members of the bearded gene family","volume":"127","author":"Lai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80115-4","article-title":"The SCARECROW gene regulates an asymmetric cell division that is essential for generating the radial organization of the Arabidopsis root","volume":"86","author":"Di Laurenzio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00863-2","article-title":"Prediction of plant microRNA targets","volume":"110","author":"Rhoades","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15524","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242606799","article-title":"Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"99","author":"Calin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1025202","article-title":"Fragile X-related protein and VIG associate with the RNA interference machinery","volume":"16","author":"Caudy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1022002","article-title":"A Drosophila fragile X protein interacts with components of RNAi and ribosomal proteins","volume":"16","author":"Ishizuka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072148","article-title":"RNA silencing: the genome\u2019s immune system","volume":"296","author":"Plasterk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6877","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.23.6877","article-title":"Functional anatomy of siRNAs for mediating efficient RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster embryo lysate","volume":"20","author":"Elbashir","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006479327881","article-title":"RNA-directed DNA methylation","volume":"43","author":"Wassenegger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(00)00183-0","article-title":"RNA-based silencing strategies in plants","volume":"11","author":"Matzke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079695","article-title":"ARGONAUTE4 control of locus-specific siRNA accumulation and DNA and histone methylation","volume":"299","author":"Zilberman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01380-5","article-title":"Chromatin silencing: RNA in the driving seat","volume":"13","author":"Stevenson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.232688099","article-title":"RNA interference machinery regulates chromosome dynamics during mitosis and meiosis in fission yeast","volume":"100","author":"Hall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5864","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf578","article-title":"Ribonuclease activity and RNA binding of recombinant human Dicer","volume":"21","author":"Provost","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/39215","article-title":"Systemic signalling in gene silencing","volume":"389","author":"Voinnet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1026102","article-title":"The Argonaute family: tentacles that reach into RNAi, developmental control, stem cell maintenance, and tumorigenesis","volume":"16","author":"Carmell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.992502","article-title":"Why do miRNAs live in the miRNP?","volume":"16","author":"Schwarz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1064703","article-title":"siRNAs can function as miRNAs","volume":"17","author":"Doench","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00908-X","article-title":"Single-stranded antisense siRNAs guide target RNA cleavage in RNAi","volume":"110","author":"Martinez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/418244a","article-title":"RNA interference","volume":"418","author":"Hannon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17502","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.28.17502","article-title":"The RNA molecule CsrB binds to the global regulatory protein CsrA and antagonizes its activity in Escherichia coli","volume":"272","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00537-2","article-title":"RNAi as random degradative PCR: siRNA primers convert mRNA into dsRNAs that are degraded to generate new siRNAs","volume":"107","author":"Lipardi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00576-1","article-title":"On the role of RNA amplification in dsRNA-triggered gene silencing","volume":"107","author":"Sijen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00616-X","article-title":"microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential","volume":"107","author":"Ambros","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11561","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192449099","article-title":"RNA traffics information systemically in plants","volume":"99","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/418214a","article-title":"The antiquity of RNA-based evolution","volume":"418","author":"Joyce","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kve230","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs: the architects of eukaryotic complexity","volume":"2","author":"Mattick","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00250-1","article-title":"The Drosophila microRNA mir-14 suppresses cell death and is required for normal fat metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00231-9","article-title":"Bantam encodes a developmentally regulated microRNA that controls cell proliferation and regulates the proapoptotic gene hid in Drosophila","volume":"113","author":"Brennecke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00124-2","article-title":"The C. elegans hunchback homolog, hbl-1, controls temporal patterning and is a probable microRNA target","volume":"4","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00127-8","article-title":"The Caenorhabditis elegans hunchback-like gene lin-57\/hbl-1 controls developmental time and is regulated by microRNAs","volume":"4","author":"Abrahante","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00075-9_BIB62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00281-1","article-title":"Negative feedback regulation of Dicer-like1 in Arabidopsis by microRNA-guided mRNA degradation","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Chemical Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367593103000759?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367593103000759?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T11:14:09Z","timestamp":1623150849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367593103000759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367593103000759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1367-5931(03)00075-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-5931"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-5931","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}}}