{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T17:12:19Z","timestamp":1780765939647,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]],"date-time":"2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4003,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1532-0464(03)00014-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,23]],"date-time":"2003-04-23T17:13:10Z","timestamp":1051117990000},"page":"247-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Rutabaga by any other name: extracting biological names"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Lynette","family":"Hirschman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/3.2.154","article-title":"Information extraction in molecular biology","volume":"3","author":"Blaschke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Briefings in Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.402.0532","article-title":"Transparent access to multiple bioinformatics information sources","volume":"40","author":"Goble","year":"2001","journal-title":"IBM Syst. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB3","first-page":"338","article-title":"Creating knowledge repositories from biomedical reports: the MEDSYNDIKATE text mining system","volume":"7","author":"Hahn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pacific Symp. Biocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.199701","article-title":"Associating genes with gene ontology codes using a maximum entropy analysis of biomedical literature","volume":"12","author":"Raychaudhuri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB5","first-page":"374","article-title":"Including biological literature improves homology search","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pacific Symp. Biocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0501-9","article-title":"Linking microarray data to the literature","volume":"28","author":"Masys","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB7","unstructured":"Blaschke C, Andrade MA, Ouzounis C, Valencia A. Automatic extraction of biological information from scientific text: protein\u2013protein interactions. Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol 1999:60\u20137"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S249","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.suppl_1.S249","article-title":"Of truth and pathways: chasing bits of information through myriads of articles","volume":"18","author":"Krauthammer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324901002807","article-title":"Natural language question answering: the view from here","volume":"7","author":"Hirschman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Language Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.1998.0102","article-title":"The evolution of evaluation: lessons from the message understanding conferences","volume":"12","author":"Hirschman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comput. Speech and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB11","series-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding Conference","first-page":"13","article-title":"Overview of the results of the MUC-6 evaluation","author":"Sundheim","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB12","unstructured":"MUC-7. Proceedings of the Seventh Message Understanding Conference (MUC-7), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 1998. Available at <http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iaui\/894.02\/related_projects\/muc\/proceedings\/muc_7_proceedings\/overview>"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB13","unstructured":"Chinchor N, Marsh E. Message Understanding Conference Proceedings: MUC-7, 1998. Available at <http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iaui\/894.02\/related_projects\/muc\/proceedings\/muc_7_proceedings\/overview.html>"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB14","unstructured":"Mikheev A, Grover C, Moens M. Description of the LTG System used for MUC-7, 1998. Available at <http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iaui\/894.02\/related_proceedings\/ltg_muc7.pdf>"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB15","unstructured":"Fukumoto J, Masui F, Shimcheta M, Saski M. Description of the Oki System as used for MUC-7, 1998. Available at <http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iaui\/894.02\/related_proceedings\/oki_muc7.pdf>"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB16","unstructured":"Yu S, Bai S, Wu P. Description of the Kent Ridge Digital Labs System used for MUC-7, 1998. Available on-line at <http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iaui\/894.02\/related_toc.html>"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB17","unstructured":"C. Aone, L. Halverson, T. Hampton, M. Ramos-Santacruz, SRA: description of the IE2_System used for MUC-7, 1998. Available on-line at <http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iaui\/894.02\/related_toc.html>"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB18","first-page":"211","article-title":"An algorithm that learns what\u2019s in a name","volume":"34","author":"Bikel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Machine Learning, Special Issue on Natural Language Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB19","first-page":"705","article-title":"Toward information extraction: identifying protein names from biological papers","volume":"3","author":"Fukuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pacific Symp. Biocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB20","unstructured":"Proux D, Rechenmann F, Julliard L, Pillet V, Jacq B, Detecting gene symbols and names in biological texts: a first step toward pertinent information extraction. In: Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Genome Informatics; 1998. p. 72\u201380"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(00)00431-5","article-title":"Using BLAST for identifying gene and protein names in journal articles","volume":"259","author":"Krauthammer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collier N, Nobata C, Tsujii J. Extracting the names of genes and gene products with a Hidden Markov model. In: Proceedings of COLING \u20192000; 2000. p. 201\u20137","DOI":"10.3115\/990820.990850"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/19.1.135","article-title":"Protein structures and information extraction from biological texts: the PASTA system","volume":"19","author":"Gaizauskas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.suppl_1.S74","article-title":"GENIES: a natural language processing system for the extraction of molecular pathways from journal articles","volume":"1","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioinformatics Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB25","unstructured":"Ohta T, Tateishi Y, Collier N, Nobata C, Tsujii J. Building an annotated corpus from biology research papers. In: Proceedings of COLING 2000 Workshop on Semantic Annotation and Intelligent Content; 2000. p. 28\u201334"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.8.1124","article-title":"Tagging gene and protein names in biomedical text","volume":"18","author":"Tanabe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB27","unstructured":"Craven M, Kumlien J. Constructing biological knowledge bases by extracting information from text sources. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology; 1999. p. 77\u201386"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nobata C, Collier N, Tsujii J. Comparison between tagged corpora for the named entity task. In: Proceedings of ACL 2000 Workshop on Comparing Corpora; 2000. p. 20\u20137","DOI":"10.3115\/1117729.1117733"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.suppl_1.S97","article-title":"Disambiguating proteins, genes, and RNA in text: a machine learning approach","volume":"17","author":"Hatzivassiloglou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1532-0464(03)00014-5_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevenson M, Gaizauskas R. Using corpus-derived name lists for named entity recognition. In: Proceedings of the Applied Natural Language Processing and the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ANLP-NAACL-2000); 2000. p. 290\u20135","DOI":"10.3115\/974147.974187"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532046403000145?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532046403000145?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,24]],"date-time":"2019-03-24T07:55:06Z","timestamp":1553414106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1532046403000145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1532046403000145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1532-0464(03)00014-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0464","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]}}}