{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:11:11Z","timestamp":1770333071915,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4095,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1535-6108(02)00061-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T11:26:06Z","timestamp":1034335566000},"page":"299-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":225,"title":["Altered methylation patterns in cancer cell genomes: Cause or consequence?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Baylin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy H","family":"Bestor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32282","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104661200","article-title":"Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are transcriptional repressors that exhibit unique localization properties to heterochromatin","volume":"276","author":"Bachman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(99)01971-X","article-title":"DNA hypermethylation in tumorigenesis: epigenetics joins genetics","volume":"16","author":"Baylin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(88)90122-2","article-title":"Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding DNA methyltransferase of mouse cells. The carboxyl-terminal domain of the mammalian enzymes is related to bacterial restriction methyltransferases","volume":"203","author":"Bestor","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/25779","article-title":"DNA hypomethylation leads to elevated mutation rates","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/77083","article-title":"Epigenetic inactivation of a RAS association domain family protein from the lung tumour suppressor locus 3p21.3","volume":"25","author":"Dammann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.929101","article-title":"Lsh, a member of the SNF2 family, is required for genome-wide methylation","volume":"15","author":"Dennis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065173","article-title":"Methyltransferase recruitment and DNA hypermethylation of target promoters by an oncogenic transcription factor","volume":"295","author":"Di Croce","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB8","first-page":"2302","article-title":"CpG island hypermethylation in human colorectal tumors is not associated with DNA methyltransferase overexpression","volume":"59","author":"Eads","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB9","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Complete genetic suppression of polyp formation and reduction of CpG-island hypermethylation in Apc (Min\/+) Dnmt1-hypomorphic Mice","volume":"62","author":"Eads","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.26.3001","article-title":"DNA methylation patterns in hereditary human cancers mimic sporadic tumorigenesis","volume":"10","author":"Esteller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/301089a0","article-title":"Hypomethylation distinguishes genes of some human cancers from their normal counterparts","volume":"301","author":"Feinberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB12","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Reduced genomic 5-methylcytosine content in human colonic neoplasia","volume":"48","author":"Feinberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/71750","article-title":"DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 associates with histone deacetylase activity","volume":"24","author":"Fuks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.10.2536","article-title":"Dnmt3a binds deacetylases and is recruited by a sequence-specific repressor to silence transcription","volume":"20","author":"Fuks","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/79120","article-title":"Methylation of the CDH1 promoter as the second genetic hit in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer","volume":"26","author":"Grady","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14412","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.25.14412","article-title":"The DNMT3B DNA methyltransferase gene is mutated in the ICF immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102223440801","article-title":"Gene-expression profiles in hereditary breast cancer","volume":"344","author":"Hedenfalk","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9700","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.21.9700","article-title":"Silencing of the VHL tumor-suppressor gene by DNA methylation in renal carcinoma","volume":"91","author":"Herman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6870","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6870","article-title":"Incidence and functional consequences of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal carcinoma","volume":"95","author":"Herman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/nature731","article-title":"Control of CpNpG DNA methylation by the KRYPTONITE histone H3 methyltransferase","volume":"416","author":"Jackson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/8803","article-title":"Maintenance of genomic methylation requires a SW12\/SNF2-like protein","volume":"22","author":"Jeddeloh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063127","article-title":"Translating the histone code","volume":"293","author":"Jenuwein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/5947","article-title":"Cancer epigenetics comes of age","volume":"21","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6117","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.16.6117","article-title":"De novo methylation of the MyoD1 CpG island during the establishment of immortal cell lines","volume":"87","author":"Jones","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB25","first-page":"808","article-title":"Methylation of the hMLH1 promoter correlates with lack of expression of hMLH1 in sporadic colon tumors and mismatch repair-defective human tumor cell lines","volume":"57","author":"Kane","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010636222327","article-title":"Site specificity of the Arabidopsis METI DNA methyltransferase demonstrated through hypermethylation of the superman locus","volume":"2","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90329-1","article-title":"Suppression of intestinal neoplasia by DNA hypomethylation","volume":"81","author":"Laird","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10366","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.19.10366","article-title":"Limited up-regulation of DNA methyltransferase in human colon cancer reflecting increased cell proliferation","volume":"93","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.7.2343-2349.2000","article-title":"Modulation of DNA binding protein affinity directly affects target site demethylation","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059745","article-title":"Requirement of CHROMOMETHYLASE3 for maintenance of CpXpG methylation","volume":"292","author":"Lindroth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB31","first-page":"591","article-title":"Hypermethylation can selectively silence individual p16ink4A alleles in neoplasia","volume":"58","author":"Myohanen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81656-6","article-title":"DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development","volume":"99","author":"Okano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/416552a","article-title":"DNMT1 and DNMT3b cooperate to silence genes in human cancer cells","volume":"416","author":"Rhee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/77124","article-title":"DNMT1 forms a complex with Rb, E2F1 and HDAC1 and represses transcription from E2F-responsive promoters","volume":"25","author":"Robertson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/77023","article-title":"DNMT1 binds HDAC2 and a new co-repressor, DMAP1, to form a complex at replication foci","volume":"25","author":"Rountree","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(99)00074-6","article-title":"Deregulation of erythropoiesis by the Friend spleen focus-forming virus","volume":"31","author":"Ruscetti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB37","first-page":"151","article-title":"DNA methylation in urological malignancies","volume":"13","author":"Schulz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB38","first-page":"2375","article-title":"Mechanisms for the involvement of DNA methylation in colon carcinogenesis","volume":"56","author":"Schmutte","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.13.1413","article-title":"Excessive CpG island hypermethylation in cancer cell lines versus primary human malignancies","volume":"10","author":"Smiraglia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ng892","article-title":"A genomic screen for genes upregulated by demethylation and HDAC inhibition in human colorectal cancer","author":"Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/35104508","article-title":"A histone H3 methyltransferase controls DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa","volume":"414","author":"Tamaru","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/415530a","article-title":"Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer","volume":"415","author":"van't Veer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8698","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8698","article-title":"Biallelic inactivation of hMLH1 by epigenetic gene silencing, a novel mechanism causing human MSI cancers","volume":"95","author":"Veigl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.1.26","article-title":"Cytosine methylation and mammalian development","volume":"13","author":"Walsh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/46214","article-title":"Chromosome instability and immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in a DNA methyltransferase gene","volume":"402","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00061-2_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(97)01181-5","article-title":"Cytosine methylation and the ecology of intragenomic parasites","volume":"13","author":"Yoder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Genet."}],"container-title":["Cancer Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1535610802000612?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1535610802000612?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T09:52:10Z","timestamp":1554976330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1535610802000612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1535610802000612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1535-6108(02)00061-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-6108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-6108","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}