{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T14:53:11Z","timestamp":1766587991876,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780444516909"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1570-2464(07)80024-3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,4]],"date-time":"2007-10-04T09:38:50Z","timestamp":1191490730000},"page":"1149-1214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["21 Modal logic and philosophy"],"prefix":"10.1016","member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2307\/2026532","article-title":"Naming without necessity","volume":"83","author":"Almog","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2307\/2214862","article-title":"Some new axioms for the logic of sense and denotation: Alternative (0)","volume":"14","author":"Anderson","year":"1980","journal-title":"No\u00fbs"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2307\/421020","article-title":"Alonzo Church's contribution to philosophy and intensional logic","volume":"4","author":"A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10992-004-7800-2","article-title":"Validity and necessity","volume":"34","author":"Ballarin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib5","first-page":"129","article-title":"A functional calculus of first order based on strict implication","volume":"4","author":"Barcan Marcus","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2307\/2268309","article-title":"The deduction theorem in a functional calculus of first order based on strict implication","volume":"11","author":"Barcan Marcus","year":"1956","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2307\/2267171","article-title":"The identity of individuals in a strict functional calculus of second order","volume":"12","author":"Barcan Marcus","year":"1947","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib8","first-page":"90","article-title":"Essentialism in modal logic","volume":"1","author":"Barcan Marcus","year":"1967","journal-title":"No\u00fbs"},{"year":"1993","series-title":"Modalities: Philosophical Essays","author":"Barcan Marcus","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib9"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Handbook of Logic and Language","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib10"},{"issue":"no. 13","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib11","first-page":"309","article-title":"Semantic entailment and formal derivability","volume":"Vol.18","author":"Beth","year":"1955","journal-title":"Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Neder- landse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Letterkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107050884","article-title":"Modal logic","author":"Blackburn","year":"2001"},{"year":"1993","series-title":"The Logic of Provability","author":"Boolos","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib13"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib14","article-title":"Quinus ab Omni Naevo Vindicatus","volume":"Supplementary Volume 23","author":"Burgess","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1305\/ndjfl\/1039096306","article-title":"Which modal logic is the right one?","volume":"40","author":"Burgess","year":"1999","journal-title":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2307\/2268610","article-title":"Modalities and quantification","volume":"11","author":"Carnap","year":"1946","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"year":"1947","series-title":"Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic","author":"Carnap","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib17"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib18","first-page":"31","article-title":"A formulation of the logic of sense and denotation (abstract)","volume":"12","author":"Church","year":"1946","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib19","series-title":"Structure, Method, and Meaning: Essays in honor of H. M. Sheffer","article-title":"A formulation of the logic of sense and denotation","author":"Church","year":"1951"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2307\/2216181","article-title":"Outline of a revised formulation of the logic of sense and denotation (Part I)","volume":"7","author":"Church","year":"1973","journal-title":"No\u00fbs"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2307\/2214782","article-title":"Outline of a revised formulation of the logic of sense and denotation (Part II)","volume":"8","author":"Church","year":"1974","journal-title":"No\u00fbs"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib22","first-page":"21","article-title":"Russellian simple type theory","volume":"47","author":"Church","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philo- sophical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib23","first-page":"13","article-title":"On the primary and secondary semantics of logical necessity","volume":"4","author":"Cocchiarella","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Philo- sophical Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015273407895","article-title":"The genesis of possible worlds semantics","volume":"31","author":"Copeland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"Possible Worlds","author":"Divers","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib25"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib26","series-title":"Themes from Kaplan","first-page":"197","article-title":"Modality de re","author":"Fine","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib27","series-title":"Propositional Attitudes","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quine on quantifying in","author":"Fine","year":"1991"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"Types, Tableaux, and G\u00f6del's God","author":"Fitting","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib28"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib29","series-title":"50 Years of Studia Logica","first-page":"87","article-title":"Intensional logic-beyond first-order","author":"Fitting","year":"2003"},{"year":"1998","series-title":"First-Order Modal Logic","author":"Fitting","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib30"},{"year":"2004","series-title":"Referential Opacity and Modal Logic","author":"F0llesdal","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib31"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib32","first-page":"25","article-title":"\u00dcber Sinn und Bedeutung, original","volume":"100","author":"Frege","year":"1892","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Philosophie und philosophische Kritik"},{"year":"1975","series-title":"Intensional and Higher-Order Modal Logic","author":"Gallin","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib33"},{"year":"1982","series-title":"Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib34"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib35_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Eine Interpretation des intuitionistischen Aussagenkalk\u00fcls","volume":"4","author":"G\u00f6del","year":"1933","journal-title":"Ergebnisse eines mathema- tischen Kolloquiums"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib35_2","first-page":"300","article-title":"An interpretation of intuitionistic propositional calculus","volume":"Vol. I","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-8683(03)00008-9","article-title":"Mathematical modal logic: a view of its evolution","volume":"1","author":"Goldblatt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/2025472","article-title":"Counterpart-theoretic semantics for modal logic","volume":"76","author":"Hazen","year":"1979","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib38","first-page":"7","article-title":"Form and content in quantification theory","volume":"8","author":"Hintikka","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acta Philosophica Fennica"},{"issue":"no. 4","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib39","article-title":"Quantifiers in deontic logic, Helsinki: Societas Scientarum Fennica","volume":"23","author":"Hintikka","year":"1957","journal-title":"Commentationes Humanarum Literarum"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib40","first-page":"49","article-title":"Modality as referential multiplicity","volume":"20","author":"Hintikka","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ajatus"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-2567.1961.tb00020.x","article-title":"Modality and quantification","volume":"27","author":"Hintikka","year":"1961","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"year":"1962","series-title":"Knowledge and belief: An Introduction to the Logic of the Two Notions","author":"Hintikka","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib42"},{"article-title":"The Philosophy of Mathematics","year":"1969","author":"Hintikka","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib43"},{"year":"1969","series-title":"Models for Modalities, Selected Essays","author":"Hintikka","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib44"},{"year":"1975","series-title":"The Intentions of Intentionality and Other New Models for Modalities","author":"Hintikka","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib45"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib46","series-title":"Modern Logic","first-page":"283","article-title":"Standard vs. nonstandard logic: Higher-order, modal, and first-order logics","author":"Hintikka","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib47","series-title":"The Logic of Epistemology and the Epistemology of Logic","article-title":"Is alethic modal logic possible?","author":"Hintikka","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01063872","article-title":"The fallacies of the new theory of reference","volume":"104","author":"Hintikka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"volume":"Volume I","year":"2001","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib49"},{"volume":"Volume II","year":"2001","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib50"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHIL.0000019542.43440.d1","article-title":"Two-dimensional adventures","volume":"118","author":"Humberstone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philosophical Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.2307\/2372123","article-title":"Boolean algebras with operators","volume":"73","author":"J\u00f6nsson","year":"1951","journal-title":"American Journal of Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2307\/2372074","article-title":"Boolean algebras with operators","volume":"vol. 74","author":"J\u00f6nsson","year":"1952","journal-title":"American Journal of Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib53","article-title":"Provability in Logic Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis","volume":"1","author":"Kanger","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-2567.1957.tb00263.x","article-title":"The morning star paradox","volume":"23","author":"Kanger","year":"1957","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib55","first-page":"133","article-title":"A note on quantification and modalities","volume":"23","author":"Kanger","year":"1957","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-2567.1957.tb00274.x","article-title":"On the characterization of modalities","volume":"23","author":"Kanger","year":"1957","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"year":"1957","series-title":"New foundations for ethical theory, Part 1","author":"Kanger","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib57_1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib57_2","series-title":"Deontic logic: introductory and systematic readings","first-page":"36","article-title":"New foundations for ethical theory, Part 1","author":"Kanger","year":"1971"},{"article-title":"Foundations of Intensional Logic","year":"1964","author":"Kaplan","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib58"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib59","series-title":"Words and Objections: Essays on the Work of W. V. Quine","first-page":"178","article-title":"Quantifying in","author":"Kaplan","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2307\/2024635","article-title":"How to Russell a Prege-Church","volume":"72","author":"Kaplan","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib61","article-title":"Opacity","volume":"Volume XVIII","author":"Kaplan","year":"1986"},{"year":"1993","series-title":"Supervenience and Mind: Selected Philosphical Essays","author":"Kim","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib62"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib63","series-title":"The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy","article-title":"Structured Propositions","author":"King","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2964568","article-title":"A completeness theorem in modal logic","volume":"24","author":"Kripke","year":"1959","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib65","first-page":"323","article-title":"Semantical analysis of modal logic (abstract)","volume":"24","author":"Kripke","year":"1959","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib66","series-title":"Proceedings of a Colloquium on Modal and Many-Valued Logics","first-page":"83","article-title":"Semantical considerations on modal logic","volume":"16","author":"Kripke","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/malq.19630090502","article-title":"Semantical analysis of modal logic: I. Normal Modal Propositional Calculi","volume":"9","author":"Kripke","year":"1963","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib68","series-title":"The Theory of Models (Proceedings of the 1963 Interna- tional Symposium at Berkeley)","first-page":"206","article-title":"Semantical analysis of modal logic: II. Non-normal modal propositional calculi","author":"Kripke","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib69","series-title":"Identity and Individuation","first-page":"135","article-title":"Identity and necessity","author":"Kripke","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib70_1","series-title":"Semantics of Natural Language","first-page":"253","article-title":"Naming and necessity","author":"Kripke","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib70_2","series-title":"Semantics of Natural Language","first-page":"253","article-title":"Naming and necessity","author":"Kripke","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib70_3","series-title":"Semantics of Natural Language","first-page":"763","article-title":"Naming and necessity","author":"Kripke","year":"1972"},{"year":"1980","series-title":"Naming and Necessity","author":"Kripke","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib71"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/XXI.84.522","article-title":"Implication and the algebra of logic","volume":"21","author":"Lewis","year":"1912","journal-title":"Mind"},{"year":"1918","series-title":"Survey of Symbolic logic","author":"Lewis","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib73"},{"year":"1932","series-title":"Symbolic Logic","author":"Lewis","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib74"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2307\/2024555","article-title":"Counterpart theory and quantified modal logic","volume":"65","author":"Lewis","year":"1968","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00413598","article-title":"General Semantics","volume":"22","author":"Lewis","year":"1970","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"year":"1973","series-title":"Counterfactuals","author":"Lewis","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib77"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2307\/2025310","article-title":"Causation","volume":"70","author":"Lewis","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophy"},{"volume":"Volume I","year":"1983","author":"Lewis","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib79"},{"year":"1986","series-title":"On the Plurality of Worlds","author":"Lewis","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib80"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib81","series-title":"The New Theory of Reference \u2014 Kripke, Marcus, and Its Origins","article-title":"An exposition and development of Kanger's early semantics for modal logic","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"1998"},{"year":"1971","series-title":"Reference and Modality","author":"Linsky","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib82"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/00201746008601312","article-title":"Logical necessity, physical necessity, ethics and quantifiers","volume":"4","author":"Montague","year":"1960","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"year":"1974","series-title":"Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of Richard Montague","author":"Montague","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib84"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib85","first-page":"78","article-title":"Problems arising in the formalization of intensional logic","volume":"1","author":"Myhill","year":"1958","journal-title":"Logique et Analyse"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib86","first-page":"237","article-title":"On a milestone of empiricism","author":"Neale","year":"2000"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"Topics in the Philosophy of Possible Worlds","author":"Nolan","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib87"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2307\/2273143","article-title":"Intensional Logic in Extensional Language","volume":"47","author":"Parsons","year":"1982","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2307\/2183810","article-title":"Essentialism and quantified modal logic","volume":"78","author":"Parsons","year":"1969","journal-title":"The Philosophical Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib90","unstructured":"B. H. Partee and H. L. W. Hendriks. Montague grammar, in van Benthem and ter Meulen [10]."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2307\/2017458","article-title":"Notes on existence and necessity","volume":"40","author":"Quine","year":"1943","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2307\/2267247","article-title":"The problem of interpreting modal logic","volume":"12","author":"Quine","year":"1947","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib93","series-title":"From a Logical Point of View","article-title":"Reference and modality","author":"Quine","year":"1953"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib94","first-page":"65","article-title":"Three grades of modal involvement","volume":"vol. 14","author":"Quine","year":"1953"},{"year":"1966","series-title":"The Ways of Paradox and Other Essays","author":"Quine","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib95"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib96","first-page":"488","article-title":"Review of Identity and Individuation","volume":"69","author":"Quine","year":"1971-1972"},{"year":"1982","series-title":"Reference and Essence","author":"Salmon","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib97"},{"year":"1986","series-title":"Frege's puzzle","author":"Salmon","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib98"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2307\/2268137","article-title":"Modality and description","volume":"13","author":"Smullyan","year":"1948","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"Beyond Rigidity: The Unfinished Semantic Agenda of Naming and Necessity","author":"Soames","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib100"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02757006","article-title":"Provability interpretations of modal logic","volume":"25","author":"Solovay","year":"1976","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Mathematics"},{"year":"1999","series-title":"Context and Content \u2014 Essays on Intentionality in Speech and Thought","author":"Stalnaker","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib102"},{"year":"2003","series-title":"Ways a World Might Be \u2014 Metaphysical and Anti-Metaphysical Essays","author":"Stalnaker","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib103"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib104","series-title":"The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy","article-title":"Compositionality","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib105_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Der Wahrheitsbegriff in den formalisierten Sprachen","volume":"1","author":"Tarski","year":"1936","journal-title":"Studia Philosophica"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib105_2","series-title":"Logic, Seman- tics, Metamathematics","first-page":"152","article-title":"The concept of truth in formalized languages'","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib106_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u00dcber den Begriff der logischen Folgerung","volume":"vol. 7","author":"Tarski","year":"1936","journal-title":"Actes du Congr\u00e8s International de Philoso- phie Scientifique"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib106_2","series-title":"Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics","first-page":"409","article-title":"On the concept of logical con- sequence","year":"1983"},{"year":"1951","series-title":"An Essay in Modal Logic","author":"von Wright","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib107"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2307\/2026992","article-title":"Logical and analytic truths that are not necessary","volume":"Vol 85","author":"Zalta","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2307\/2274239","article-title":"On the logic of theory change","volume":"50","author":"Alchourr\u00f3n","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016339125161","article-title":"First order extensions of classical systems of modal logic: The role of the Barcan schemas","volume":"71","author":"Arl\u00f3-Costa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Studia Logica"},{"year":"1995","series-title":"Reasoning about Knowledge","author":"Fagin","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib111"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2307\/2026039","article-title":"Imaging and conditionalization","volume":"79","author":"G\u00e4rdenfors","year":"1982","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"year":"1995","series-title":"Knowledge in flux: modeling the dynamics of epistemic states","author":"G\u00e4rdenfors","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib113"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib114","article-title":"Epistemic Logic","volume":"Volume VII","author":"Gochet","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib115","series-title":"Principles of Knowledge Representation and Rea- soning: Proceedings of the Second International Conference","first-page":"269","article-title":"Updates and counterfactuals","author":"Grahne","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00247909","article-title":"Two modellings for theory choice","volume":"17","author":"Grove","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"year":"1999","series-title":"A Textbook of Belief Dynamics: Theory Change and Data Base Updating","author":"Hansson","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib117"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib118","unstructured":"V. F. Hendricks. Forcing Epistemology, forthcoming, Cambridge University Press."},{"volume":"Vol. 322","year":"2003","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib119"},{"year":"1962","series-title":"Knowledge and Belief: An Introduction to the Logic of the Two Notions","author":"Hintikka","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib120"},{"article-title":"Concurrent Dynamic Epistemic Logic","year":"2003","author":"van der Hoek","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib121"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib122","series-title":"Belief revision","first-page":"183","article-title":"On the difference between updating a knowledge base and revising it","author":"Katsuno","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib123","first-page":"7,620","article-title":"On the use of an extensional relational model to handle changing incomplete information","volume":"SE-11","author":"Keller","year":"1985","journal-title":"I.E.E.E. transactions on software engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90056-6","article-title":"All I know, a study in autoepistemic logic","volume":"42","author":"Levesque","year":"1990","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"year":"1983","series-title":"The Enterprise of Knowledge","author":"Levi","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib125"},{"year":"1991","series-title":"The Fixation of Belief and its Undoing","author":"Levi","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib126"},{"year":"1973","series-title":"Counter'actuals","author":"D.","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib127"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2307\/2184045","article-title":"Probabilities of conditionals and conditional probabilities","volume":"85","author":"Lewis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Philosophical Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib129","series-title":"Knowledge and belief in philosophy and artificial intelligence","first-page":"103","article-title":"Actions that make you change your mind","author":"van Linder","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib130","series-title":"The logic of theory change","first-page":"93","article-title":"Epistemic entrenchment with incomparabilities and relational belief revision","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib131","series-title":"For Good Measure: Philosophical Essays Dedicated to Jan Odelstad","first-page":"126","article-title":"Extending dynamic doxastic logic accommodating iterated beliefs and Ramsey conditionals within DDL","volume":"46","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005577906029","article-title":"DDL Unlimited: Dynamic Doxastic Logic for Introspective Agents'","volume":"50","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"1999","journal-title":"Erkenntnis"},{"article-title":"Foundations: Essays in Philosophy, Logic, Mathematics and Economics","year":"1978","author":"Ramsey","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib133"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib134","series-title":"Logic and Information Flow","article-title":"Meeting some neighbours: A dynamic modal logic meets theories of change and knowledge representation","author":"de Rijke","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib135","article-title":"Change, choice and inference: a study of belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning","volume":"Vol. 42","author":"Rott","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib136","series-title":"Logic, Language and Reasoning: Essays in Honour of Dov Gabbay","first-page":"135","article-title":"Two traditions in the logic of belief: bringing them together","author":"Segerberg","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib137","series-title":"Frontiers in Belief Revision","first-page":"57","article-title":"The basic dynamic doxastic logic of AGM","author":"Segerberg","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib138","series-title":"Essays in Logic and Ontology: Dedicated to Jerzy Perzanowski","first-page":"11","article-title":"Moore problems in full dynamic doxastic logic","volume":"Vol. 50","author":"Segerberg","year":"2003"},{"year":"1988","series-title":"Blindspots","author":"Sorensen","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib139"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib140","series-title":"Studies in Logical Theory, American Philosophical Quarterly","first-page":"98","article-title":"A theory of conditionals","author":"Stalnaker","year":"1968"},{"article-title":"The formal analysis of normative systems","year":"1962","author":"Anderson","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib141"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib142","first-page":"36","article-title":"Logic, norms, and roles","volume":"4","author":"Anderson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Ratio"},{"year":"1987","series-title":"Introduction to Deontic Logic and the Theory of Normative Systems","author":"Aqvist","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib143"},{"year":"2001","series-title":"Facing the Future: Agents and Choice in Our Indeterministic World","author":"Belnap","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib144"},{"year":"1996","series-title":"Exploring Logical Dynamics","author":"van Benthem","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib145"},{"article-title":"Modal Action Logic for Reasoning about Reactive Systems","year":"2003","author":"Broersen","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib146"},{"year":"1975","series-title":"Thinking and Doing","author":"Cast\u00e3neda","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib147"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib148","series-title":"New Studies in Deontic Logic: Norms, Actions and the Foundations of Ethics","article-title":"The paradoxes of deontic logic: the simplest solution to all of them in one fell swoop","author":"Cast\u00e3neda","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90055-5","article-title":"Intention is choice with commitment","volume":"42","author":"Cohen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Artificial intelligence"},{"year":"1969","series-title":"The Logical Form of Imperatives","author":"Chellas","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib150"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib151","series-title":"Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis","first-page":"23","article-title":"Conditional obligation","author":"Chellas","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib152","first-page":"147","article-title":"The ethics of requirement","volume":"1","author":"Chisholm","year":"1964","journal-title":"American Philosophical Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-2567.2000.tb01147.x","article-title":"What shall we do with deontic logic?","volume":"66","author":"Danielsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"year":"1980","series-title":"Essays on Actions and Events","author":"Davidson","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib154"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib155","unstructured":"R. Demolombe, P. Bretier and V. Louis, manuscript, 'Formalisation de l'obligation de faire avec d\u00e9lais'."},{"year":"1996","series-title":"Being Good and Being Logical: Philosophical Groundwork for a New Deontic Logic","author":"Forrester","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib156"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib157","series-title":"Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System Specification","first-page":"85","article-title":"Actions in deontic logic","author":"Hilpinen","year":"1993"},{"issue":"no. 4","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib158","article-title":"Quantifiers in deontic logic, Societas Scientiarum Fennica","volume":"23","author":"Hintikka","year":"1957","journal-title":"Commentationes huma- narium litterarum"},{"year":"2001","series-title":"Agency and Deontic Logic","author":"Horty","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib159"},{"year":"2001","series-title":"Collected Papers of Stig Ranger with Essays on his Life and Work","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib160"},{"year":"1957","series-title":"New Foundations for Ethical Theory, Part 1","author":"Kanger","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib161_1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib161_2","series-title":"Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings","first-page":"36","article-title":"New Foundations for Ethical Theory, Part 1","author":"Kanger","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib162","first-page":"109","article-title":"A different approach to deontic logic: deontic logic viewed as a variant of dynamic logic","volume":"29","author":"Meyer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib163","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","article-title":"Modeling rational agents within a BDI-architecture","author":"Rao","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00869299","article-title":"Routines","volume":"65","author":"Segerberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01028968","article-title":"Getting started: beginnings in the logic of action","volume":"51","author":"Segerberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Studia logica"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1305\/ndjfl\/1039182247","article-title":"Irrevocable belief revision in dynamic doxastic logic","volume":"39","author":"Segerberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib167","first-page":"57","article-title":"Outline of a logic of action","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Segerberg","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib168","series-title":"A Philosphical Smorgasbord: Essays on Ac- tion, Truth and Other Things","first-page":"151","article-title":"Modellings for two types of action","author":"Segerberg","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib169","series-title":"Logic and Philosophy in Italy: Essays in honor of Corrado Mangione","first-page":"155","article-title":"Trying to meet Ross's challenge","author":"Segerberg","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/LX.237.1","article-title":"Deontic logic","volume":"60","author":"von Wright","year":"1951","journal-title":"Mind"},{"year":"1963","series-title":"Norm and Action: A Logical Inquiry","author":"von Wright","key":"10.1016\/S1570-2464(07)80024-3_bib171"}],"container-title":["Studies in Logic and Practical Reasoning","Handbook of Modal Logic"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1570246407800243?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1570246407800243?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T23:14:25Z","timestamp":1761606865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1570246407800243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"ISBN":["9780444516909"],"references-count":179,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1570-2464(07)80024-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1570-2464"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1570-2464"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}}}