{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:14:32Z","timestamp":1775020472359,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6188,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health of USA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5 P20 RR16467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 P20 RR16467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FCAR"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a common but complex C-terminal post-translational modification of extracellular proteins in eukaryotes. Here we investigate the problem of correctly annotating GPI-anchored proteins for the growing number of sequences in public databases. We developed a computational system, called FragAnchor, based on the tandem use of a neural network (NN) and a hidden Markov model (HMM). Firstly, NN selects potential GPI-anchored proteins in a dataset, then HMM parses these potential GPI signals and refines the prediction by qualitative scoring. FragAnchor correctly predicted 91% of all the GPI-anchored proteins annotated in the Swiss-Prot database. In a large-scale analysis of 29 eukaryote proteomes, FragAnchor predicted that the percentage of highly probable GPI-anchored proteins is between 0.21% and 2.01%. The distinctive feature of FragAnchor, compared with other systems, is that it targets only the C-terminus of a protein, making it less sensitive to the background noise found in databases and possible incomplete protein sequences. Moreover, FragAnchor can be used to predict GPI-anchored proteins in all eukaryotes. Finally, by using qualitative scoring, the predictions combine both sensitivity and information content. The predictor is publicly available at http:\/\/navet.ics.hawaii.edu\/~fraganchor\/NNHMM\/NNHMM.html.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/s1672-0229(07)60022-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,23]],"date-time":"2007-09-23T11:12:24Z","timestamp":1190545944000},"page":"121-130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["FragAnchor: A Large-Scale Predictor of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors in Eukaryote Protein Sequences by Qualitative Scoring"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Guylaine","family":"Poisson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI, 96822 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cedric","family":"Chauve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CGL & D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, QC , Canada"},{"name":"LACIM, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, QC , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby BC, , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI, 96822 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CGL & D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, QC , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051008232406900_bib1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Post-translational modifications and their biological functions: proteomic analysis and systematic approaches","volume":"37","author":"Seo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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