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In this study, using the publicly available scaffold data of the Florida amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) genome, we screened and characterized homologs of miRNAs that had been identified in other species. In total, 68 pieces of such homologs were obtained and classified into 33 families. Most of these miRNAs were distributed as clusters in genome. Inter-species comparison showed that many miRNAs, which had been thought as vertebrate- or mammal-specific before, were also present in amphioxus, while some miRNAs that had been considered as protostome-specific before also existed in amphioxus. Compared with ciona, amphioxus had an apparent miRNA gene expansion, but phylogenetic analysis showed that the duplicated miRNAs or clusters of amphioxus had a higher homology level than those duplicated ones in vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/s1672-0229(10)60002-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,6]],"date-time":"2010-05-06T10:01:09Z","timestamp":1273140069000},"page":"10-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of Evolutionarily Conserved MicroRNAs in Amphioxus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100029 , China"},{"name":"Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100029 , China"},{"name":"Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songnian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100029 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yejun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hongkong , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051008270803500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02871","article-title":"The functions of animal microRNAs","volume":"431","author":"Ambros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024051008270803500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2006.01.003","article-title":"Genomics of microRNA","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"2024051008270803500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2722704","article-title":"Identification of mammalian microRNA host genes and transcription units","volume":"14","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2024051008270803500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1644","article-title":"MicroRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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