{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T16:05:18Z","timestamp":1779725118562,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1874-5482(26)00031-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T15:32:42Z","timestamp":1779723162000},"page":"100859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Systemic failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Setola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib1","unstructured":"United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), When digital systems fail: an expert report on the hidden risks of our digital world, 2026 https:\/\/www.undrr.org\/publication\/documents-and-publications\/when-digital-systems-fail-expert-report-hidden-risks-our."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-astro-112420-023324","article-title":"Carrington events","volume":"59","author":"Hudson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"The 2003 northeast blackout--five years later","volume":"13","author":"Minkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berizzi, A. (2004, June). The italian 2003 blackout. In IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2004. (pp. 1673-1679). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2004.1373159"},{"issue":"6662","key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi3038","article-title":"Fast and destructive density currents created by ocean-entering volcanic eruptions","volume":"381","author":"Clare","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib6","first-page":"134","article-title":"When trust fails: examining systemic risk in the digital economy from the 2024 crowdstrike outage","volume":"1","author":"George","year":"2024","journal-title":"Partners Universal Multidisciplinary Research Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib7","unstructured":"Andy Greenberg, WIRED \u2014 \u201cthe Untold Story of NotPetya, the Most Devastating Cyberattack in History\u201d, https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/notpetya-cyberattack-ukraine-russia-code-crashed-the-world\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib8","first-page":"144","article-title":"Redefining systemic cybersecurity risk in interconnected environments","volume":"3","author":"Assenza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2004.834513","article-title":"Evidence for self-organized criticality in a time series of electric power system blackouts","volume":"51","author":"Carreras","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"issue":"6794","key":"10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/35019019","article-title":"Error and attack tolerance of complex networks","volume":"406","author":"Albert","year":"2000","journal-title":"nature"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1874548226000314?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1874548226000314?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T15:34:05Z","timestamp":1779723245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1874548226000314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["S1874548226000314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1874-5482(26)00031-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-5482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-5482","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systemic failure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1874-5482(26)00031-4","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100859"}}