{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:49:35Z","timestamp":1780397375429,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780443470929","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:57:49Z","timestamp":1763744269000},"page":"103-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biosensors for detection of autoimmune disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Chrysoula-Evangelia","family":"Karachaliou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Livaniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv292","article-title":"Prediction and prevention of autoimmune disease in the 21st century: a\u00a0review and preview","volume":"183","author":"Rose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6770","DOI":"10.3390\/s23156770","article-title":"Immunosensors for autoimmune-disease-related biomarkers: a literature review","volume":"23","author":"Karachaliou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1121","article-title":"Exploring the theranostic potentials of miRNA and epigenetic networks in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"11","author":"Nag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00720-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of autoimmune disease","volume":"19","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.12.037","article-title":"Xist ribonucleoproteins promote female sex-biased autoimmunity","volume":"187","author":"Dou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051510","article-title":"Recent advances in biosensors for diagnosis of autoimmune diseases","volume":"24","author":"Teniou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091900","article-title":"Viral infections key inducers of autoimmune diseases? Focus on Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"14","author":"Takei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00770-5","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Soldan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00517-1","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"397","author":"Shahrizaila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000629","article-title":"Zika autoimmunity and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Katz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.3211-23","article-title":"New-onset systemic lupus erythematosus manifestation following COVID-19: a case report and literature review","volume":"63","author":"Sumichika","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020845","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and autoimmune diseases","volume":"26","author":"Terracina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.119998","article-title":"Biosensors for autoimmune diseases","volume":"565","author":"Yeganeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103236","article-title":"Autoimmune pre-disease","volume":"22","author":"Bieber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01692-0","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis","volume":"401","author":"Volkmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN01872J","article-title":"Electrochemical and surface plasmon insulin assays on clinical samples","volume":"143","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0305-297","article-title":"In biomarkers we trust?","volume":"23","author":"Baker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib18","article-title":"Applications of protein microarrays in biomarker discovery for autoimmune diseases","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI14452","article-title":"Autoantibodies\u00a0predictors disease","volume":"108","author":"Leslie","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(07)79015-3","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in multiple sclerosis","volume":"79","author":"Luque","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-024-01214-9","article-title":"A quantitative and site-specific atlas of the citrullinome reveals widespread existence of citrullination and insights into PADI4 substrates","volume":"31","author":"Rebak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01976-7","article-title":"Post-translational protein modifications in antigen recognition and autoimmunity","volume":"22","author":"Doyle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to biosensors","volume":"60","author":"Bhalla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1351\/pac199264010143","article-title":"Glossary for chemists of terms used in biotechnology (IUPAC Recommendations 1992","volume":"64","author":"Nagel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102675","article-title":"A literature review of biosensors for multiple sclerosis: Towards personalized medicine and point-of-care testing","volume":"48","author":"Can Demird\u00f6\u011fen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.12.023","article-title":"Magnetic biosensors: modelling and simulation","volume":"103","author":"Nabaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-025-00741-6","article-title":"Microfluidic biosensors: revolutionizing detection in DNA analysis, cellular analysis, and pathogen detection","volume":"27","author":"Didarian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib28","series-title":"Frontiers of NanoBiotechnology: Microfluidic Devices and BioMEMS for the Future","first-page":"137","article-title":"Integration of biosensors and microfluidics and their application","author":"Naghib","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12102268","article-title":"Transitions in immunoassay leading to next-generation lateral flow assays and future prospects","volume":"12","author":"Fujiuchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051107","article-title":"Design of gold nanoparticle vertical flow assays for point-of-care testing","volume":"12","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13010040","article-title":"Nanotechnology-enabled biosensors: a review of fundamentals, design principles, materials, and applications","volume":"13","author":"Ramesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slast.2024.100146","article-title":"Nanomaterials in the treatment and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: advanced approaches","volume":"29","author":"Angela","year":"2024","journal-title":"SLAS Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29966","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c10352","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology: from synthesis to biosensing applications","volume":"9","author":"Karnwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib34","first-page":"21","article-title":"Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs):\u00a0Preparation recent. applications","volume":"8","author":"Aziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanotech. Adv. Mat."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117180","article-title":"Quantum dots for biosensing: classification and applications","volume":"273","author":"Quesada-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11102525","article-title":"Carbon dots: classification, properties, synthesis, characterization, and applications in health care-an updated review (2018-2021)","volume":"11","author":"Mansuriya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13071679","article-title":"Carbon nanotubes-based nanomaterials and their agricultural and biotechnological applications","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-024-04032-6","article-title":"Biomedical applications of graphene-based nanomaterials: recent progress, challenges, and prospects in highly sensitive biosensors","volume":"19","author":"Baruah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Nano."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648X\/adb2d0","article-title":"Graphene-based materials and electrochemical biosensors:\u00a0an overview","volume":"37","author":"Joshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4670","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144670","article-title":"Role of graphene in surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors","volume":"24","author":"Tene","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702221134105","article-title":"Is graphene the rock upon which new era continuous glucose monitors could be built","volume":"248","author":"Papanikolaou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. ((Maywood))"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29153482","article-title":"A comprehensive review of nanoparticles: From classification to application and toxicity","volume":"29","author":"Eker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-016-0419-5","article-title":"Immunosensors for biomarker detection in autoimmune diseases","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-016-9940-3","article-title":"Biosensors for the diagnosis of celiac disease: Current status and future perspectives","volume":"58","author":"Scherf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advances in celiac disease testing","volume":"91","author":"Pasinszki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoes.2023.100060","article-title":"Advances in the detection of rheumatoid arthritis related biomarker by highly sensitive electrochemical sensors","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6289","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216289","article-title":"Optical biosensors for the detection of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) biomarkers: A comprehensive review","volume":"20","author":"Imas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123794","article-title":"Biosensing strategies (approaches) for diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis","volume":"252","author":"Serin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116669","article-title":"Biological and technical factors affecting the point-of-care diagnostics in not-oncological chronic diseases","volume":"264","author":"Svigelj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3390\/bios9010038","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors as potential diagnostic devices for autoimmune diseases","volume":"9","author":"Florea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-2340-1","article-title":"Biosensor analyses of serum autoantibodies: application to antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"393","author":"Thaler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341153","article-title":"Anti-double stranded DNA antibodies: electrochemical isotyping in autoimmune and neurological diseases","volume":"1257","author":"Ar\u00e9valo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14020098","article-title":"Duplex vertical-flow rapid tests for point-of-care detection of anti-dsDNA and anti-nuclear autoantibodies","volume":"14","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13030381","article-title":"Serum autoantibody biomarkers for management of rheumatoid arthritis disease","volume":"13","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Tirado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.119767","article-title":"Anti-CCP biosensors in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"561","author":"Karami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14110545","article-title":"Rapid microfluidic biosensor for point-of-care determination of rheumatoid arthritis via anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody detection","volume":"14","author":"Tai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2021.108041","article-title":"Unraveling autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases by amperometric serological detection of antibodies against aquaporin-4","volume":"144","author":"Ar\u00e9valo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105803","article-title":"Update on aquaporin-4 antibody detection: The early diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"90","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117128","article-title":"Single-electrode electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for multiplex detection of Aquaporin-4 antibody using metal-organic gels as coreactant","volume":"272","author":"Eticha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13060624","article-title":"Magnetic relaxation switching assay using IFN\u03b1-2b-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles for anti-interferon antibody detection","volume":"13","author":"Nikolaev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6821","DOI":"10.1021\/nn301615b","article-title":"Mechanism of magnetic relaxation switching sensing","volume":"6","author":"Min","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123304","article-title":"Monitoring autoimmune diseases by bioelectrochemical detection of autoantibodies. Application to the determination of anti-myelin basic protein autoantibodies in serum of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"243","author":"Guerrero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.3c00575","article-title":"Study of an ultrasensitive label-free electrochemiluminescent immunosensor fabricated with a composite electrode for detecting the glutamate decarboxylase antibody","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14050255","article-title":"Detection of glutamate decarboxylase antibodies and simultaneous multi-molecular translocation exploration by glass nanopores","volume":"14","author":"Tao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10594","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c01176","article-title":"Programmable DNA nanomachine integrated with electrochemically controlled atom transfer radical polymerization for antibody detection at picomolar level","volume":"96","author":"Dou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020676","article-title":"Emerging methods in biosensing of immunoglobin G - A review","volume":"23","author":"Azam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib67","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chemokine detection using receptors immobilized on an SPR sensor surface","volume":"570","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Frade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010189","article-title":"Revisiting electrochemical biosensing in the 21st century society for inflammatory cytokines involved in autoimmune, neurodegenerative, cardiac, viral and cancer diseases","volume":"21","author":"Campuzano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11030094","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors for cytokine profiling: Recent advancements and possibilities in the near future","volume":"11","author":"Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.12.010","article-title":"Bioanalytical advances in assays for C-reactive protein","volume":"34","author":"Vashist","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12050344","article-title":"Diagnoses based on C-reactive protein point-of-care tests","volume":"12","author":"Pohanka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123428","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 detection in point of care diagnostics: Short review","volume":"245","author":"Yerrapragada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128622","article-title":"Advanced biosensors for nanomaterial-based detection of transforming growth factor alpha and beta, a class of major polypeptide regulators","volume":"257","author":"Gaba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01401-0","article-title":"Biosensors, recent advances in determination of BDNF and NfL","volume":"43","author":"Mobed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c03562","article-title":"Plasmonic biosensors for health monitoring: inflammation biomarker detection","volume":"10","author":"Islam","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12090756","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive and semi-quantitative vertical flow assay for the rapid detection of interleukin-6 in inflammatory diseases","volume":"12","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.123173","article-title":"Microfluidic electrochemical magnetoimmunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of interleukin-6 based on hybrid of AuNPs and graphene","volume":"240","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251360","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1251360","article-title":"Label-free electrochemical immunosensor as a reliable point-of-care device for the detection of Interleukin-6 in serum samples from patients with psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Cancelliere","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib79","article-title":"Photonic-plasmonic coupling enhanced fluorescence enabling digital-resolution ultrasensitive protein detection","volume":"19","author":"Barya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14071404","article-title":"Development of nano-micro fused LSPR chip for in situ single-cell secretion analysis","volume":"14","author":"Terada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Micromachines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27102","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c02711","article-title":"Optical nanosensor passivation enables highly sensitive detection of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6","volume":"16","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c00887","article-title":"Optical aptamer-based cytokine nanosensor detects macrophage activation by bacterial toxins","volume":"9","author":"Ryan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114954","article-title":"Non-covalent \u03c0-\u03c0 functionalized Gii-sense\u24c7 graphene foam for interleukin 10 impedimetric detection","volume":"222","author":"Frias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2022.108157","article-title":"Simultaneous electrochemical immunosensing of relevant cytokines to diagnose and track cancer and autoimmune diseases","volume":"146","author":"Ar\u00e9valo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-022-05250-4","article-title":"Binary MoS2 nanostructures as nanocarriers for amplification in multiplexed electrochemical immunosensing: simultaneous determination of B cell activation factor and proliferation-induced signal immunity-related cytokines","volume":"189","author":"Ar\u00e9valo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mikrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12080610","article-title":"Development of an electrochemical CCL5 chemokine immunoplatform for rapid diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Guerrero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2024.108744","article-title":"Aptamer-based electrochemical nanobiosensor for research and monitoring of multiple sclerosis in mice models","volume":"160","author":"Serin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16165","article-title":"Koper-Lenkiewicz, 20S constitutive proteasome, 20S immunoproteasome, and cathepsin S are high-sensitivity and independent markers of immunological activity in relapsing-remitting type of multiple sclerosis","volume":"168","author":"G\u00f3rska","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14030147","article-title":"Advancing point-of-care diagnosis: digitalizing combinatorial biomarker signals for lupus nephritis","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115696","article-title":"A diagnostic electrochemical aptasensor development for sCD80 protein detection in human serum","volume":"242","author":"Malkawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.342056","article-title":"Dual-mode self-powered photoelectrochemical and colorimetric determination of procalcitonin accomplished by multienzyme-expressed Ni4Cu2 bimetallic hollow nanospheres and spherical nanoflower-MoS2\/Cu2ZnSnS4\/Bi2S3","volume":"1288","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC00207E","article-title":"Microfluidic finger-actuated mixer for ultrasensitive electrochemical measurements of protein biomarkers for point-of-care testing","volume":"24","author":"Utzinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4971","DOI":"10.1039\/D4AY00789A","article-title":"Early diagnosis of autoimmune diseases through electrochemical biosensing using a modified plastic chip electrode","volume":"16","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib94","article-title":"Nanoquantification of RUNX2 by a 1,1\u2019-carbonyldiimidazole-diamond mediated sandwich assay for osteogenic differentiation","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1203","article-title":"Role of RUNX in autoimmune diseases linking rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and lupus","volume":"6","author":"Alarc\u00f3n-Riquelme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126612","article-title":"Highly sensitive electrochemical multimodal immunosensor for cluster of differentiation 5 (CD5) detection in human blood serum for early stage cancer detection based on laser-processed Ti\/Au electrodes","volume":"279","author":"Myndrul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0036","article-title":"Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Sacks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00223-4","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes","volume":"401","author":"Quattrin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113054","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring systems - Current status and future perspectives of the flagship technologies in biosensor research","volume":"181","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114348","article-title":"Review of present method of glucose from human blood and body fluids assessment","volume":"211","author":"Fiedorova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13942","article-title":"Is it possible to constantly and accurately monitor blood sugar levels, in people with Type 1 diabetes, with a discrete device (non-invasive or invasive)?","volume":"37","author":"Avari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14010151","article-title":"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a review on advances and challenges in creating insulin producing devices","volume":"14","author":"Rodrigues Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Micromachines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib103","article-title":"Organ-on-a-chip devices: Technology progress and challenges","volume":"25","author":"Obeid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.125879","article-title":"An intelligent wearable artificial pancreas patch based on a microtube glucose sensor and an ultrasonic insulin pump","volume":"273","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.02.022","article-title":"A review of implantable biosensors for closed-loop glucose control and other drug delivery applications","volume":"544","author":"Scholten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1351\/pac199163091247","article-title":"Chemical sensors definitions and classification","volume":"63","author":"Hulanicki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.32607\/20758251-2016-8-1-21-33","article-title":"MicroRNAs: the role in autoimmune inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Baulina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Naturae."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9295","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01639","article-title":"Bottom-up fabrication of plasmonic nanoantenna-based high-throughput multiplexing biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of microRNAs directly from cancer patients\u2019 plasma","volume":"92","author":"Masterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11061384","article-title":"Application of nanotechnology for sensitive detection of low-abundance single-nucleotide variations in genomic DNA: a review","volume":"11","author":"Mukhtar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13090864","article-title":"Recent progress in single-nucleotide polymorphism biosensors","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103606","article-title":"Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: a universal optical sensing technique with auspicious application prospects in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases","volume":"42","author":"Alkhuder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116414","article-title":"Diagnosis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus by label-free serum microsphere-coupled SERS fingerprints with machine learning","volume":"260","author":"Mi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116753","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid-induced stable and reproducible SERS sensing for various meningitis discrimination assisted with machine learning","volume":"267","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15010039","article-title":"Developing a label-free infrared spectroscopic analysis with chemometrics and computational enhancement for assessing lupus nephritis activity","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00383-3","article-title":"Theranostic cells: emerging clinical applications of synthetic biology","volume":"22","author":"McNerney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463379","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1463379","article-title":"A novel bioassay for thyroid-blocking immunoglobulins","volume":"15","author":"George","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2024.113655","article-title":"Development and basic performance verification of a rapid homogeneous bioassay for agonistic antibodies against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor","volume":"528","author":"Hoshina","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2021.113199","article-title":"A rapid homogenous bioassay for detection of thyroid-stimulating antibodies based on a luminescent cyclic AMP biosensor","volume":"501","author":"Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2023.101744","article-title":"Bioassays for thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies","volume":"37","author":"Olivo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13230","article-title":"Engineering the IL-4\/IL-13 axis for targeted immune modulation","volume":"320","author":"Bernstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2023.04.005","article-title":"Engineered Treg cells as putative therapeutics against inflammatory diseases and beyond","volume":"44","author":"Bittner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115488","article-title":"Enzyme - switch sensors for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunotherapies","volume":"237","author":"Campbell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12185","DOI":"10.3389\/abp.2024.12185","article-title":"Sensing antibody functions with a novel CCR8-responsive engineered cell","volume":"71","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01444-2","article-title":"Tau seeding in cases of multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"LaCroix","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib125","article-title":"TNF receptors: Structure-function relationships and therapeutic targeting strategies","volume":"2025","author":"Lo","year":"1867","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24235","article-title":"Autoimmune neuroinflammation triggers mitochondrial oxidation in oligodendrocytes","volume":"70","author":"Steudler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40326-6","article-title":"A genetically encoded sensor for visualizing leukotriene B4 gradients in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Tam\u00e1s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomedchemau.2c00048","article-title":"Zafirlukast is a promising scaffold for selectively inhibiting TNFR1 signaling","volume":"3","author":"Vunnam","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Bio. Med. Chem. Au"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122635","article-title":"Multifunctional fluorescence\/photoacoustic bimodal imaging of \u03b3-glutamyltranspeptidase in liver disorders under different triggering conditions","volume":"310","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2024.110838","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of adalimumab and anti-adalimumab antibodies in sera using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor","volume":"133-134","author":"Di Santo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.122633","article-title":"Aptamer\/proximity hybridization-based label-free and highly sensitive colorimetric detection of methotrexate via polymerization\/nicking recycling amplifications","volume":"295","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114189","article-title":"Next generation point-of-care test for therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab in patients diagnosed with autoimmune diseases","volume":"208","author":"Ordutowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c01603","article-title":"Ultrasensitive sandwich-type SERS-biosensor-based dual plasmonic superstructure for detection of tacrolimus in patients","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211352","article-title":"Reduced graphene oxide electrolyte-gated transistor immunosensor with highly selective multiparametric detection of anti-drug antibodies","volume":"35","author":"Sensi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2024.343473","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate by disposable SPCE biosensor for personalized medicine","volume":"1335","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.689044","article-title":"Potential implications of quercetin in autoimmune diseases","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib137","article-title":"Sensing of quercetin with cobalt-doped manganese nanosystems by electrochemical method","volume":"16","author":"Thalir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155927","article-title":"Using terahertz spectroscopy to quantify bioactive flavonoids in Moxa Wool as predictor of rheumatoid arthritis treatment outcomes","volume":"133","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116809","article-title":"Improved diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus with human-derived double-stranded DNA antigen","volume":"267","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10654","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910654","article-title":"Novel chimeric peptides based on the enolase peptide antigen (CEP-1) bearing three post-translational modifications (citrullination, homocitrullination and acetylation) for determining the diagnosis and severity of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"25","author":"G\u00f3mara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08918-6","article-title":"The role of autoantibody testing in modern personalized medicine","volume":"63","author":"Kayser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12091988","article-title":"Importance of studying non-coding RNA in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Cabiati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103260","article-title":"Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery for autoimmune diseases: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11030687","article-title":"Exosomes as rheumatoid arthritis diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents","volume":"11","author":"Heydari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-024-09013-2","article-title":"Exosomes in autoimmune diseases: A review of mechanisms and diagnostic applications","volume":"68","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200404","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle marker changes associated with disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Lim Falk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.593348","article-title":"Roles of exosomes in T1DM","volume":"11","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13010050","article-title":"Microfluidic strategies for extracellular vesicle isolation: Towards clinical applications","volume":"13","author":"Meggiolaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Advances in Clinical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0065242325001003?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0065242325001003?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T01:20:04Z","timestamp":1771291204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0065242325001003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9780443470929"],"references-count":148,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.acc.2025.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2423"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2423","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}