{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:26:17Z","timestamp":1782743177190,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780443160721","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T15:27:22Z","timestamp":1709738842000},"page":"1-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D and immune system"],"prefix":"10.1016","member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0244-2","article-title":"B cell memory: Building two walls of protection against pathogens","volume":"20","author":"Akkaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.72265","article-title":"Glycemic changes after vitamin D supplementation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency","volume":"30","author":"Aljabri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Saudi Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.668725","article-title":"Complement anaphylatoxins and inflammatory cytokines as prognostic markers for COVID-19 severity and in-hospital mortality","volume":"12","author":"Alosaimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.06.056","article-title":"Downregulation of TACO gene transcription restricts mycobacterial entry\/survival within human macrophages","volume":"250","author":"Anand","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib5","first-page":"1921","article-title":"Normalization of plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D is associated with reduced risk of surgery in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.3.1269","article-title":"Nuclear hormone receptors and gene expression","volume":"81","author":"Aranda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202302","article-title":"Exposure to ultraviolet-B and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis among women in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study","volume":"72","author":"Arkema","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.767","article-title":"Immunobiology of dendritic cells","volume":"18","author":"Banchereau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"issue":"6673","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/32588","article-title":"Dendritic cells and the control of immunity","volume":"392","author":"Banchereau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0001-2018","article-title":"Function and biogenesis of lipopolysaccharides","volume":"8","author":"Bertani","year":"2018","journal-title":"EcoSal Plus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(99)00046-1","article-title":"Tlr4: central component of the sole mammalian LPS sensor","volume":"12","author":"Beutler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.090027","article-title":"Relative corticosteroid insensitivity of alveolar macrophages in severe asthma compared with non-severe asthma","volume":"63","author":"Bhavsar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib13","first-page":"438","article-title":"Vitamin D and autoimmune diseases: Is vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism the culprit?","volume":"19","author":"Bizzaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Israel Medical Association Journal: IMAJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0814","article-title":"No protective effect of calcitriol on beta-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes: The IMDIAB XIII trial","volume":"33","author":"Bizzarri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4974","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.9.4974","article-title":"1\u03b1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a direct effect on naive CD4+ T cells to enhance the development of Th2 cells","volume":"167","author":"Boonstra","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806007175","article-title":"Epidemic influenza and vitamin D","volume":"134","author":"Cannell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib17","first-page":"3011","article-title":"Vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D regulation of T cells","volume":"7","author":"Cantorna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00335","article-title":"The physiology of vitamin D-far more than calcium and bone","volume":"5","author":"Carlberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071042","article-title":"Primary vitamin D target genes allow a categorization of possible benefits of vitamin D3 supplementation","volume":"8","author":"Carlberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072097","article-title":"Immunologic effects of vitamin D on human health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Charoenngam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203273","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D promotes negative feedback regulation of TLR signaling via targeting microRNA-155-SOCS1 in macrophages","volume":"190","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048959","article-title":"Complement cascade in severe forms of COVID-19: Recent advances in therapy","volume":"51","author":"Chouaki Benmansour","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib23","article-title":"Vitamin D and risk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Christides","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research ed.)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq214","article-title":"Occupational and environmental exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: Silica, sunlight, solvents","volume":"49","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00634-L","article-title":"hCAP-18, a cathelin\/pro-bactenecin-like protein of human neutrophil specific granules","volume":"368","author":"Cowland","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042921-112837","article-title":"Cytokine storm syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Cron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annual Review of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1050","article-title":"Inhibition of IL-12 production by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Involvement of NF-kappaB downregulation in transcriptional repression of the p40 gene","volume":"101","author":"D\u2019Ambrosio","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib28","article-title":"The possible role of vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm and associated mortality in COVID-19 patients","author":"Daneshkhah","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01677-y","article-title":"Evidence for possible association of vitamin D status with cytokine storm and unregulated inflammation in COVID-19 patients","volume":"32","author":"Daneshkhah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib30","first-page":"697","article-title":"Vitamin D in autoimmunity: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"7","author":"Dankers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665112000092","article-title":"Obesity, inflammation and the immune system","volume":"71","author":"De Heredia","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1039\/c6pp00308g","article-title":"UVB radiation, vitamin D and multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"DeLuca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences: Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib33","series-title":"Roitt\u2019s essential immunology","author":"Delves","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-012-0166-2","article-title":"Preventive effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on conversion of optic neuritis to clinically definite multiple sclerosis: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial","volume":"113","author":"Derakhshandi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Belgica"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03214-1","article-title":"Influenza","volume":"87","author":"Dharmapalan","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303934","article-title":"The month of birth effect in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review, meta-analysis and effect of latitude","volume":"84","author":"Dobson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.945762","article-title":"Sex bias in lymphocytes: Implications for autoimmune diseases","volume":"13","author":"Dodd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105564","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D supplementation on expanded disability status scale in people with multiple sclerosis: A critical, systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"187","author":"Doosti-Irani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.10.005","article-title":"Dose-dependent activation of microglial cells by Toll-like receptor agonists alone and in combination","volume":"159","author":"Ebert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502033","article-title":"CD nomenclature 2015: Human leukocyte differentiation antigen workshops as a driving force in immunology","volume":"195","author":"Engel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"105751","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib41","first-page":"29","article-title":"Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study","volume":"203","author":"Entrenas Castillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03834.x","article-title":"The role of infections in autoimmune disease","volume":"155","author":"Ercolini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2026131","article-title":"Cytokine storm","volume":"383","author":"Fajgenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3567","article-title":"Human memory T cells: Generation, compartmentalization and homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Farber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12071","article-title":"Vitamin D3 induces IDO+ tolerogenic DCs and enhances Treg, reducing the severity of EAE","volume":"19","author":"Farias","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030783","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis: A critical analysis of potentials and threats","volume":"12","author":"Feige","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80754-0","article-title":"A coat protein on phagosomes involved in the intracellular survival of mycobacteria","volume":"97","author":"Ferrari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302350","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes tolerogenic dendritic cells with functional migratory properties in NOD mice","volume":"192","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051019","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanism to management","volume":"11","author":"Fletcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04527","article-title":"Proteoform profile mapping of the human serum complement component C9 revealing unexpected new features of N-, O-, and C-glycosylation","volume":"89","author":"Franc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.164","article-title":"Effect of cholecalciferol as adjunctive therapy with insulin on protective immunologic profile and decline of residual \u03b2-cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"166","author":"Gabbay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2003.12.007","article-title":"Defensins: Antimicrobial peptides of vertebrates","volume":"327","author":"Ganz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Biologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01441","article-title":"Immune response, inflammation, and the clinical spectrum of COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"5471","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5471.1647","article-title":"Essential role for cholesterol in entry of mycobacteria into macrophages","volume":"288","author":"Gatfield","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2018.2","article-title":"Autophagy in dendritic cells","volume":"15","author":"Ghislat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.87","article-title":"The vitamin D-antimicrobial peptide pathway and its role in protection against infection","volume":"4","author":"Gombart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Microbiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3284com","article-title":"Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"19","author":"Gombart","year":"2005","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1498","article-title":"Vitamin D increases remyelination by promoting oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation","volume":"10","author":"Gomez-Pinedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030639","article-title":"A Narrative review of the evidence for variations in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration thresholds for optimal health","volume":"14","author":"Grant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040988","article-title":"Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths","volume":"12","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21101","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306072110","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 selectively and reversibly impairs T helper-cell CNS localization","volume":"110","author":"Grishkan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib62","article-title":"The effect of vitamin D supplementation on rheumatoid arthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.11.038","article-title":"Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages","volume":"119","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib64","article-title":"Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Hahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research ed.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00748","article-title":"Gut epithelial vitamin D receptor regulates microbiota-dependent mucosal inflammation by suppressing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis","volume":"159","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.12.039","article-title":"CRIg: A macrophage complement receptor required for phagocytosis of circulating pathogens","volume":"124","author":"Helmy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.08.003","article-title":"The evolution of immunity: A low-life perspective","volume":"28","author":"Hemmrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.08.019","article-title":"The role of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in the modulation of autophagy and the clearance of protein aggregates in neurodegeneration","volume":"26","author":"Heras-Sandoval","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cellular Signalling"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.02.013","article-title":"Vitamin D and the intracrinology of innate immunity","volume":"321","author":"Hewison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib70","first-page":"92","article-title":"Vitamin D and immune function: Autocrine, paracrine or endocrine?","volume":"243","author":"Hewison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5382","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.11.5382","article-title":"Differential regulation of vitamin D receptor and its ligand in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"170","author":"Hewison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.11.017","article-title":"Vitamin D and barrier function: a novel role for extra-renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase","volume":"215","author":"Hewison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45611-6","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of the receptor on human neutrophils that mediates cellular adherence","volume":"262","author":"Hickstein","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu276","article-title":"Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"53","author":"Hiraki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"4 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.suppl_4.1159S","article-title":"Vitamin D and bone health","volume":"126","author":"Holick","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102134","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 related outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Hosseini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2018.1557835","article-title":"Vitamin D3 activates the autolysosomal degradation function against Helicobacter pylori through the PDIA3 receptor in gastric epithelial cells","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(90)90110-D","article-title":"Mechanism in 1,25(OH)2D3-induced suppression of helper\/suppressor function of CD4\/CD8 cells to immunoglobulin production in B cells","volume":"127","author":"Iho","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cellular Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4427","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.12.4427","article-title":"The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on in vitro immunoglobulin production in human B cells","volume":"136","author":"Iho","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061660","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells prime IL-10-producing T regulatory cells by inducible costimulator ligand","volume":"204","author":"Ito","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581","article-title":"Regulation of type I interferon responses","volume":"14","author":"Ivashkiv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-022-01951-4","article-title":"Origins and diversification of animal innate immune responses against viral infections","author":"Iwama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359","article-title":"Innate immune recognition","volume":"20","author":"Janeway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04355.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: Vitamin D3 treatment in Crohn\u2019s disease\u2014A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"32","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.53","article-title":"Association of vitamin D level with clinical status in inflammatory bowel disease: A 5-year longitudinal study","volume":"111","author":"Kabbani","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-011-8255-5","article-title":"Generation of immunogenic and tolerogenic clinical-grade dendritic cells","volume":"51","author":"Kalantari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunologic Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-008-0044-3","article-title":"The link between vitamin D deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"Kamen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Rheumatology Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib88","first-page":"1399","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3: In vivo and in vitro effects on human preleukemic and leukemic cells","volume":"69","author":"Koeffler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Treatment Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2012.07.018","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 curtails the inflammatory and T cell stimulatory capacity of macrophages through an IL-10-dependent mechanism","volume":"217","author":"Korf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10957","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-1997-x","article-title":"Cathelicidins: Family of antimicrobial peptides. A review","volume":"39","author":"Ko\u015bciuczuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2002.0895","article-title":"Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of gene expression in inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Kracht","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1086\/654881","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory tract infection: A randomized, double-blinded trial among young Finnish men","volume":"202","author":"Laaksi","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5812136","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5812136","article-title":"VDR polymorphisms in autoimmune connective tissue diseases: Focus on italian population","volume":"2021","author":"Latini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030147","article-title":"The potential protective action of vitamin D in hepatic insulin resistance and pancreatic islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809002404","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections","volume":"137","author":"Li-Ng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-022-09324-6","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency leads to the abnormal activation of the complement system","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunologic Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.977","article-title":"Protective effects of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on residual beta-cell function in patients with adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA)","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02911-9","article-title":"Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: Is it \u201ctypical\u201d ARDS?","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Critical Care (London, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22621","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in adolescents and young adults with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus for improvement in disease activity and fatigue scores: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa570","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency or supplementation and the risk of human herpesvirus infections or reactivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5768","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933","article-title":"Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response","volume":"311","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2060","article-title":"Cutting edge: Vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on the induction of cathelicidin","volume":"179","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2035","article-title":"MAPK phosphatases\u2014Regulating the immune response","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.05.052","article-title":"Associations study of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with diabetic microvascular complications: A meta-analysis","volume":"546","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.722806","article-title":"Macrophages control the bioavailability of vitamin D and vitamin D-regulated T cell responses","volume":"12","author":"Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030151","article-title":"Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature","volume":"3","author":"Lowen","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02281-0","article-title":"Immature, semi-mature and fully mature dendritic cells: Which signals induce tolerance or immunity?","volume":"23","author":"Lutz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Immunology"},{"issue":"59","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abh2259","article-title":"Increased complement activation is a distinctive feature of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-021-00223-1","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in systemic lupus erythematosus: Relationship to disease activity, fatigue and the interferon signature gene expression","volume":"5","author":"Magro","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.98.2.391","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced differentiation in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL60): Receptor-mediated maturation to macrophage-like cells","volume":"98","author":"Mangelsdorf","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-021-00872-x","article-title":"Complement as driver of systemic inflammation and organ failure in trauma, burn, and sepsis","volume":"43","author":"Mannes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003536","article-title":"Vitamin D levels and risk of type 1 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"18","author":"Manousaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6504","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076504","article-title":"Immuno-stimulating activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in blood cells from five healthy people and in blasts from five patients with leukemias and pre-leukemic states","volume":"24","author":"Marchwicka","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7190","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.11.7190","article-title":"IFN-gamma- and TNF-independent vitamin D-inducible human suppression of mycobacteria: The role of cathelicidin LL-37","volume":"178","author":"Martineau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116668","article-title":"Associations of serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels with clinical and radiological outcomes in multiple sclerosis, a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"411","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Lapiscina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4103\/jnsbm.JNSBM_128_17","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity","volume":"9","author":"Meena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22456","article-title":"Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring","volume":"70","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.1.6.11357","article-title":"Influenza, solar radiation and vitamin D","volume":"1","author":"Moan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1061-5","article-title":"The association between ultraviolet B irradiance, vitamin D status and incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in 51 regions worldwide","volume":"51","author":"Mohr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2000.01412.x","article-title":"LPS\/IFN-gamma cytotoxicity in oligodendroglial cells: Role of nitric oxide and protection by the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10","volume":"13","author":"Molina-Holgado","year":"2001","journal-title":"The European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2014.02.009","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism as possible risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid related osteoporosis","volume":"75","author":"Mosaad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2011.573041","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of vitamin D3 in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"40","author":"Mosayebi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunological Investigations"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02892","article-title":"Human dendritic cells express the complement receptor immunoglobulin which regulates T cell responses","volume":"10","author":"Munawara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-013-0249-2","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Neve","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2018-101055","article-title":"Managing vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9091991","article-title":"Investigating the role of methylation in silencing of VDR gene expression in normal cells during hematopoiesis and in their leukemic counterparts","volume":"9","author":"Nowak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab179","article-title":"Ergocalciferol in new-onset type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Nwosu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Endocrine Society"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12281","article-title":"Effect of high-dose 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on remyelination in the cuprizone model","volume":"122","author":"Nystad","year":"2014","journal-title":"APMIS: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib129","article-title":"Sunlight exposure exerts immunomodulatory effects to reduce multiple sclerosis severity","volume":"118","author":"Ostkamp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20417","article-title":"Macrophages in the embryo and beyond: Much more than just giant phagocytes","volume":"46","author":"Ovchinnikov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genesis (New York, N. Y.: 2000)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.8.1301","article-title":"1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces an autoantigen-specific T-helper 1\/T-helper 2 immune shift in NOD mice immunized with GAD65 (p. 524\u2013543)","volume":"49","author":"Overbergh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.5.2405","article-title":"1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of dendritic cells leading to impaired alloreactive T cell activation","volume":"164","author":"Penna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.11.004","article-title":"Fundamentals of vitamin D hormone-regulated gene expression","volume":"Pt A","author":"Pike","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7208","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1582-6","article-title":"Cholecalciferol (vitamin D(3)) reduces rat neuropathic pain by modulating opioid signaling","volume":"56","author":"Poisbeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2004.10.005","article-title":"Enzymes involved in the activation and inactivation of vitamin D","volume":"29","author":"Prosser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-4-774","article-title":"1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor distribution and effects in subpopulations of normal human T lymphocytes","volume":"68","author":"Provvedini","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"4616","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6310748","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human leukocytes","volume":"221","author":"Provvedini","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01549-6","article-title":"Cathelicidins: Microbicidal activity, mechanisms of action, and roles in innate immunity","volume":"4","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes and Infection\/Institut Pasteur"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.10.3385","article-title":"1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits gamma-interferon synthesis by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes","volume":"84","author":"Reichel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1075110","article-title":"Phenylbutyrate induces LL-37-dependent autophagy and intracellular killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Rekha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00292.x","article-title":"Cytoplasmic bacteria can be targets for autophagy","volume":"5","author":"Rich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cellular Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib142","first-page":"159","article-title":"Vitamin D3, gamma interferon, and control of proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human monocytes","volume":"57","author":"Rook","year":"1986","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-3002-1-8","article-title":"Balancing glycolytic flux: The role of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase\/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatases in cancer metabolism","volume":"1","author":"Ros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer & Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.10.040","article-title":"Complications of viral influenza","volume":"121","author":"Rothberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180668","article-title":"Loss of human ICOSL results in combined immunodeficiency","volume":"215","author":"Roussel","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(00)88963-1","article-title":"Mycobacterium and Leishmania: Stowaways in the endosomal network","volume":"5","author":"Russell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends in Cell Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011088","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the incidence of acute viral respiratory tract infections in healthy adults","volume":"5","author":"Sabetta","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425995","article-title":"Vitamin D3 down-regulates monocyte TLR expression and triggers hyporesponsiveness to pathogen-associated molecular patterns","volume":"36","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.11.008","article-title":"Vitamin D status in relation to Crohn\u2019s disease: Meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"32","author":"Sadeghian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314540966","article-title":"Correlation between serum 25(OH)D values and lupus disease activity: An original article and a systematic review with meta-analysis focusing on serum VitD confounders","volume":"23","author":"Sahebari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2017.05.015","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through both immunomodulation and oligodendrocyte maturation","volume":"102","author":"Shirazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Experimental and Molecular Pathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.8","article-title":"Development of conventional dendritic cells: From common bone marrow progenitors to multiple subsets in peripheral tissues","volume":"10","author":"Sichien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-320189","article-title":"Latitude continues to be significantly associated with the prevalence of multiple sclerosis: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Simpson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-017-0086-4","article-title":"Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review","volume":"7","author":"Sintzel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib155","article-title":"Complement receptor immunoglobulin: A control point in infection and immunity, inflammation and cancer","volume":"146","author":"Small","year":"2016","journal-title":"Swiss Medical Weekly: Official Journal of the Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases, the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine, the Swiss Society of Pneumology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01943-3","article-title":"Vitamin D upregulates the macrophage complement receptor immunoglobulin in innate immunity to microbial pathogens","volume":"4","author":"Small","year":"2021","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-012-2080-7","article-title":"Association between vitamin D intake and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0962","article-title":"Blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and incident type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"36","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6030","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6030","article-title":"IL-10 signaling is essential for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"177","author":"Spach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803345","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is an autonomous regulator of the transcriptional changes leading to a tolerogenic dendritic cell phenotype","volume":"182","author":"Sz\u00e9les","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S59838","article-title":"Latitude, sunshine, and human lactase phenotype distributions may contribute to geographic patterns of modern disease: The inflammatory bowel disease model","volume":"6","author":"Szilagyi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib162","first-page":"79","article-title":"Cohort study to evaluate the effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 in combination on progression to severe outcomes in older patients with coronavirus (COVID-19)","volume":"111017","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.05-0979","article-title":"1918 Influenza: The mother of all pandemics","volume":"12","author":"Taubenberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R221","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4060","article-title":"Restoration of regulatory and effector T cell balance and B cell homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients through vitamin D supplementation","volume":"14","author":"Terrier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12040","article-title":"Month of birth as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: An update","volume":"195","author":"Torkildsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200839103","article-title":"Induction of Treg by monocyte-derived DC modulated by vitamin D3 or dexamethasone: Differential role for PD-L1","volume":"39","author":"Unger","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.29094","article-title":"Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren","volume":"91","author":"Urashima","year":"2010","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2005.04.057","article-title":"Spatio-temporal activation of chromatin on the human CYP24 gene promoter in the presence of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"350","author":"Vaisanen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2004.06.004","article-title":"1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or analogue treated dendritic cells modulate human autoreactive T cells via the selective induction of apoptosis","volume":"23","author":"Van Halteren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.05.011","article-title":"Oxidative metabolism and PGC-1beta attenuate macrophage-mediated inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Vats","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2022.04.003","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation to prevent COVID-19 in frontline healthcare workers. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"53","author":"Villasis-Keever","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Medical Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107761","article-title":"Vitamin-D-binding protein contributes to the maintenance of \u03b1 cell function and glucagon secretion","volume":"31","author":"Viloria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30084","article-title":"Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"35","author":"Vogel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxu147","article-title":"NKT cells can help mediate the protective effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice","volume":"27","author":"Waddell","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2297","article-title":"No effect of the 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on beta-cell residual function and insulin requirement in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Walter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002013","article-title":"Systemic interferon-alpha regulates interferon-stimulated genes in the central nervous system","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.2909","article-title":"Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2016-0181","article-title":"Current and future developments in the treatment of virus-induced hypercytokinemia","volume":"9","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.228","article-title":"Monocytes in atherosclerosis: Subsets and functions","volume":"7","author":"Woollard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cardiology"},{"issue":"4975","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1698311","article-title":"CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein","volume":"249","author":"Wright","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.234856","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was not associated with influenza virus infection in children and adults in Hong Kong, 2009\u20132010","volume":"146","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020291","article-title":"Low levels of vitamin D promote memory B cells in lupus","volume":"12","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3696","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802217","article-title":"NADPH oxidase 2 interaction with TLR2 is required for efficient innate immune responses to mycobacteria via cathelicidin expression","volume":"182","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.08.004","article-title":"Vitamin D3 induces autophagy in human monocytes\/macrophages via cathelicidin","volume":"6","author":"Yuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173090","article-title":"Macrophage M1\/M2 polarization","volume":"877","author":"Yunna","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102412","article-title":"Vitamin D inhibits monocyte\/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1","volume":"188","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4161\/tisb.23118","article-title":"Vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, and tissue barriers","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.05.008","article-title":"The efficacy of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.11.016","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces monocytic differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells by regulating C\/EBPbeta expression through MEF2C","volume":"148","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001890","article-title":"Preventive effects of vitamin D on seasonal influenza A in infants: A multicenter, randomized, open, controlled clinical trial","volume":"37","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02357-4","article-title":"Vitamin D3 and analogues modulate the expression of CSF-1 and its receptor in human dendritic cells","volume":"297","author":"Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.128579","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Zipitis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"}],"container-title":["Advances in Food and Nutrition Research","Vitamin D and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043452623000955?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043452623000955?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T11:28:37Z","timestamp":1753702117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043452623000955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9780443160721"],"references-count":192,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-4526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-4526","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}