{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T17:17:12Z","timestamp":1779383832560,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780443313868","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T04:28:46Z","timestamp":1764390526000},"page":"1-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond suppression: Treg specialization in infection and tissue repair"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Morgane","family":"Hilaire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Joller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102223","article-title":"Strong impact of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and limited effect of T cell-derived IL-10 on pathogen clearance during plasmodium yoelii infection","volume":"188","author":"Abel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.03.002","article-title":"Compartmentalized chemokine-dependent regulatory T-cell inhibition of allergic pulmonary inflammation","volume":"131","author":"Afshar","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.002","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in skin facilitate epithelial stem cell differentiation","volume":"169","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00261-19","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori VacA targets myeloid cells in the gastric lamina propria to promote peripherally induced regulatory T-cell differentiation and persistent infection","volume":"10","author":"Altobelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.021","article-title":"A distinct function of regulatory T cells in tissue protection","volume":"162","author":"Arpaia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110359","article-title":"Mycobacterial infection aggravates Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric preneoplastic pathology by redirection of de novo induced Treg cells","volume":"38","author":"Artola-Bor\u00e1n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198469","article-title":"Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous clostridium species","volume":"331","author":"Atarashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2016.07.013","article-title":"Role of regulatory T-cells in different clinical expressions of helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"47","author":"Bagheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archives of Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01152","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity","volume":"420","author":"Belkaid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01152","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity","volume":"420","author":"Belkaid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib11","article-title":"Liver fibrosis: Pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"13","author":"Berumen","year":"2021","journal-title":"WIREs Mech Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027849","article-title":"Partial depletion of natural CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells with anti-CD25 antibody does not alter the course of acute influenza a virus infection","volume":"6","author":"Betts","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05685-11","article-title":"Influenza A virus infection results in a robust, antigen-responsive, and widely disseminated Foxp3+ regulatory T cell response","volume":"86","author":"Betts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2025.101405","article-title":"The dual role of TIGIT in regulatory and effector T cells in chronic liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Bozward","year":"2025","journal-title":"JHEP Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.13105\/wjma.v9.i3.257","article-title":"Immune response to Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer development","volume":"9","author":"Brito","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Journal of Meta-Analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01697-6","article-title":"A type 1 immunity-restricted promoter of the IL-33 receptor gene directs antiviral T-cell responses","volume":"25","author":"Brunner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib17","series-title":"Advances in immunology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60197-2","article-title":"The virology and immunobiology of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection","author":"Buchmeier","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib18","article-title":"The tissue-resident regulatory T cell pool is shaped by transient multi-tissue migration and a conserved residency program","author":"Burton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2683","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in nonlymphoid tissues","volume":"14","author":"Burzyn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.054","article-title":"A special population of regulatory T cells potentiates muscle repair","volume":"155","author":"Burzyn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103581","article-title":"ICOS mediates the generation and function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells conveying respiratory tolerance","volume":"189","author":"Busse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128094","article-title":"FOXP3+ T cells recruited to sites of sterile skeletal muscle injury regulate the fate of satellite cells and guide effective tissue regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1172702","article-title":"CD4+ regulatory T cells control TH17 responses in a Stat3-dependent manner","volume":"326","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423486112","article-title":"Appearance and disappearance of the mRNA signature characteristic of Treg cells in visceral adipose tissue: Age, diet, and PPAR\u03b3 effects","volume":"112","author":"Cipolletta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11132","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 is a major driver of the accumulation and phenotype of adipose tissue Treg cells","volume":"486","author":"Cipolletta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-0299-1","article-title":"Regulatory T cells control the dynamic and site-specific polarization of total CD4 T cells following Salmonella infection","volume":"13","author":"Clay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib27","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus-specific TIGIT+ Treg are present in the blood of healthy subjects - a hurdle for vaccination?","volume":"15","author":"Clegg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adh0152","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in skin mediate immune privilege of the hair follicle stem cell niche","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306253","article-title":"CCL20\/CCR6-mediated migration of regulatory T cells to the Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric mucosa","volume":"63","author":"Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36498","article-title":"CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs resolve experimental lung injury in mice and are present in humans with acute lung injury","volume":"119","author":"D\u2019Alessio","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802767","article-title":"Regulatory T cells: A role in the control of helminth-driven intestinal pathology and worm survival","volume":"182","author":"D\u2019Elia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39924-7","article-title":"The TIGIT+ T regulatory cells subset associates with nosocomial infection and fatal outcome in COVID-19 patients under mechanical ventilation","volume":"13","author":"de Lima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1729","article-title":"Transcription factor Foxo3 controls the magnitude of T cell immune responses by modulating the function of dendritic cells","volume":"10","author":"Dejean","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15725","article-title":"Adipocyte adaptive immunity mediates diet-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance by decreasing adipose Treg cells","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0019OC","article-title":"Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expression of keratinocyte growth factor enhances lung epithelial proliferation","volume":"57","author":"Dial","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015148108","article-title":"Transient depletion of regulatory T cells in transgenic mice reactivates virus-specific CD8+ T cells and reduces chronic retroviral set points","volume":"108","author":"Dietze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003798","article-title":"Combining regulatory T cell depletion and inhibitory receptor blockade improves reactivation of exhausted virus-specific CD8+ T cells and efficiently reduces chronic retroviral loads","volume":"9","author":"Dietze","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00054-8","article-title":"Functional impairment of CD8+ T cells by regulatory T cells during persistent retroviral infection","volume":"20","author":"Dittmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4528","article-title":"Regulatory T cells promote myelin regeneration in the central nervous system","volume":"20","author":"Dombrowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10946","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01295-13","article-title":"Regulatory T cells prevent Th2 immune responses and pulmonary eosinophilia during respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice","volume":"87","author":"Durant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401383","article-title":"4-1BB ligand signaling to T cells limits T cell activation","volume":"194","author":"Eun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202354","article-title":"Regulatory T cells migrate to airways via CCR4 and attenuate the severity of airway allergic inflammation","volume":"190","author":"Faustino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.11.010","article-title":"Ex vivo induced regulatory T cells regulate inflammatory response of Kupffer cells by TGF-beta and attenuate liver ischemia reperfusion injury","volume":"12","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58463","article-title":"Discovery of surrogate agonists for visceral fat Treg cells that modulate metabolic indices in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2002","article-title":"Lean, but not obese, fat is enriched for a unique population of regulatory T cells that affect metabolic parameters","volume":"15","author":"Feuerer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000423","article-title":"Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cells limit pulmonary immunopathology by modulating the CD8 T cell response during respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"185","author":"Fulton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006985","article-title":"Type I interferon signaling attenuates regulatory T cell function in viral infection and in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Gangaplara","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2012-0198OC","article-title":"Regulatory T cells reduce acute lung injury fibroproliferation by decreasing fibrocyte recruitment","volume":"48","author":"Garibaldi","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9122","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00639-09","article-title":"Negative immune regulator Tim-3 is overexpressed on T cells in hepatitis C virus infection and its blockade rescues dysfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells","volume":"83","author":"Golden-Mason","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.06.007","article-title":"Regulatory T cells restrict immunity and pathology in distal tissue sites following a localized infection","volume":"17","author":"Graham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.12.043","article-title":"Chronic enteric salmonella infection in mice leads to severe and persistent intestinal fibrosis","volume":"134","author":"Grassl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4483","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300212","article-title":"Cutting edge: Memory regulatory t cells require IL-7 and not IL-2 for their maintenance in peripheral tissues","volume":"190","author":"Gratz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/ni846","article-title":"CTLA-4-Ig regulates tryptophan catabolism in vivo","volume":"3","author":"Grohmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.2748","article-title":"African trypanosomiasis: Naturally occurring regulatory T cells favor trypanotolerance by limiting pathology associated with sustained type 1 inflammation","volume":"179","author":"Guilliams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200508-1294OC","article-title":"Regulatory T cells are expanded in blood and disease sites in patients with tuberculosis","volume":"173","author":"Guyot-Revol","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500020","article-title":"IL-33 Reverses an obesity-induced deficit in visceral adipose tissue ST2+ T regulatory cells and ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"194","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.01.033","article-title":"The gut microbiota promotes distal tissue regeneration via ROR\u03b3+ regulatory T cell emissaries","volume":"56","author":"Hanna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.002","article-title":"Notch4 signaling limits regulatory T-cell-mediated tissue repair and promotes severe lung inflammation in viral infections","volume":"54","author":"Harb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadx8037","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx8037","article-title":"Neonatal regulatory T cells persist into adulthood across multiple tissues with high enrichment in the skin","volume":"11","author":"Hilaire","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/nm975","article-title":"Escape of malaria parasites from host immunity requires CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"10","author":"Hisaeda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00142","article-title":"The role of Th cell subsets in the control of Helicobacter infections and in T cell-driven gastric immunopathology","volume":"3","author":"Hitzler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0653-3","article-title":"Increased activated regulatory T cells proportion correlate with the severity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respiratory Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15527-x","article-title":"Memory regulatory T cells increase only in inflammatory phase of chronic hepatitis B infection and related to galectin-9\/Tim-3 interaction","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700211","article-title":"Lung-infiltrating Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Are Quantitatively and Qualitatively Different during Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Allergic Airway Inflammation but Essential To Control the Inflammation","volume":"199","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00177-22","article-title":"Single-cell heterogeneity of the liver-infiltrating lymphocytes in individuals with chronic echinococcus multilocularis infection","volume":"90","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001043","article-title":"Regulatory T cell suppressive potency dictates the balance between bacterial proliferation and clearance during persistent Salmonella infection","volume":"6","author":"Johanns","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2014.10.018","article-title":"The immunoreceptor TIGIT regulates antitumor and antiviral CD8+ T cell effector function","volume":"26","author":"Johnston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.01.010","article-title":"LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT: Distinct functions in immune regulation","volume":"57","author":"Joller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.02.012","article-title":"Treg cells expressing the coinhibitory molecule TIGIT selectively inhibit proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cell responses","volume":"40","author":"Joller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081398","article-title":"Tim-3 expression defines a novel population of dysfunctional T cells with highly elevated frequencies in progressive HIV-1 infection","volume":"205","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221462","article-title":"Regulation of the alveolar regenerative niche by amphiregulin-producing regulatory T cells","volume":"220","author":"Kaiser","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaw2910","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in skin are uniquely poised to suppress profibrotic immune responses","volume":"4","author":"Kalekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0783-2","article-title":"Resolution of bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis via a splenic lymphocyte subpopulation","volume":"19","author":"Kamio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respiratory Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac5560","article-title":"Dietary antigens limit mucosal immunity by inducing regulatory T cells in the small intestine","volume":"351","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008111160","article-title":"Regulatory T cells suppress innate immunity in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"20","author":"Kinsey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00330","article-title":"Persistence of Candida albicans in the oral mucosa induces a curbed inflammatory host response that is independent of immunosuppression","volume":"10","author":"Kirchner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2505","article-title":"CCR6 expression defines regulatory effector\/memory-like cells within the CD25(+)CD4+ T-cell subset","volume":"105","author":"Kleinewietfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1731","article-title":"The transcription factor T-bet controls regulatory T cell homeostasis and function during type 1 inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Koch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.03.005","article-title":"Antigen- and cytokine-driven accumulation of regulatory T cells in visceral adipose tissue of lean mice","volume":"21","author":"Kolodin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.11.006","article-title":"Regulatory T cells occupy an isolated niche in the intestine that is antigen independent","volume":"9","author":"Korn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200812-1936OC","article-title":"Global impairment of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"179","author":"Kotsianidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2661","article-title":"Cutting edge: Regulatory T cells prevent efficient clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"178","author":"Kursar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1040031","article-title":"IL-2 availability regulates the tissue specific phenotype of murine intra-hepatic Tregs","volume":"13","author":"Kurt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00026-20","article-title":"Salmonella persistence and host immunity are dictated by the anatomical microenvironment","volume":"88","author":"Kurtz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.01.009","article-title":"Poor repair of skeletal muscle in aging mice reflects a defect in local, Interleukin-33-dependent accumulation of regulatory T cells","volume":"44","author":"Kuswanto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22360","article-title":"Stability and function of regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet.","volume":"546","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.004","article-title":"TCR transgenic mice reveal stepwise, multi-site acquisition of the distinctive fat-treg phenotype","volume":"174","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib88","article-title":"Significance of the balance between regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells during hepatitis B virus related liver fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109780","article-title":"Tim-3 blockade enhances the clearance of Chlamydia psittaci in the lung by promoting a cell-mediated immune response","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.312023","article-title":"IL (Interleukin)-33 suppresses abdominal aortic aneurysm by enhancing regulatory T-cell expansion and activity","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0246-9","article-title":"A wave of Foxp3+ regulatory T cell accumulation in the neonatal liver plays unique roles in maintaining self-tolerance","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1083","article-title":"The ABCs of granule-mediated cytotoxicity: New weapons in the arsenal","volume":"3","author":"Lieberman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01344","article-title":"Common features of regulatory t cell specialization during Th1 responses","volume":"9","author":"Littringer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01244-9","article-title":"Glucocorticoid signaling and regulatory T cells cooperate to maintain the hair-follicle stem-cell niche","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015404","article-title":"CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells depletion may attenuate the development of silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2010.79","article-title":"TNFR2 expression on non-bone marrow-derived cells is crucial for lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock and downregulation of soluble TNFR2 level in serum","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217580110","article-title":"Defective immunoregulation in RSV vaccine-augmented viral lung disease restored by selective chemoattraction of regulatory T cells","volume":"110","author":"Loebbermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.62","article-title":"Regulatory T cells expressing granzyme B play a critical role in controlling lung inflammation during acute viral infection","volume":"5","author":"Loebbermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155209","article-title":"Coordination of early protective immunity to viral infection by regulatory T cells","volume":"320","author":"Lund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2023.2187229","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells protect against sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by inducing Gal-9\/Tim-3 to remodel immune homeostasis","volume":"45","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renal Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003947","article-title":"Foxp3+ inducible regulatory T cells suppress endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment","volume":"187","author":"Maganto-Garc\u00eda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12613","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell stability and functional plasticity in health and disease","volume":"101","author":"Malviya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunology and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.02.013","article-title":"Treg-cell control of a CXCL5-IL-17 inflammatory axis promotes hair-follicle-stem-cell differentiation during skin-barrier repair","volume":"50","author":"Mathur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024772","article-title":"Destruction of lymphoid organ architecture and hepatitis caused by CD4+ T cells","volume":"6","author":"Matter","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00727-09","article-title":"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced mortality in mice is triggered by edema and brain herniation","volume":"84","author":"Matullo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004914","article-title":"Activation of salmonella typhi-specific regulatory T cells in typhoid disease in a wild-type S. Typhi challenge model","volume":"11","author":"McArthur","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6215","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6215","article-title":"Regulatory T cells dampen pulmonary inflammation and lung injury in an animal model of pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"177","author":"McKinley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04659.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori induces in-vivo expansion of human regulatory T cells through stimulating interleukin-1\u03b2 production by dendritic cells","volume":"170","author":"Mitchell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201142","article-title":"ICOS signaling limits regulatory T cell accumulation and function in visceral adipose tissue","volume":"218","author":"Mittelsteadt","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.33","article-title":"Foxp3+ regulatory T cells promote lung epithelial proliferation","volume":"7","author":"Mock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.3.1712","article-title":"Immunity and tolerance to Aspergillus involve functionally distinct regulatory T cells and tryptophan catabolism","volume":"176","author":"Montagnoli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200162","article-title":"Tim-3 pathway controls regulatory and effector T cell balance during hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"189","author":"Moorman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib113","article-title":"Regulatory T cells promote innate inflammation after skin barrier breach via TGF-\u03b2 activation","volume":"6","author":"Moreau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.2774","article-title":"CXCR3 signaling reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by controlling the parenchymal distribution of effector and regulatory T cells in the central nervous system","volume":"179","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00519-w","article-title":"Tissue regulatory T cells: Regulatory chameleons","volume":"21","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Rojas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397188-3.00008-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of cell and tissue damage","author":"Nash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mims\u2019 Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7863","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51353-2","article-title":"Local administration of regulatory T cells promotes tissue healing","volume":"15","author":"Nayer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.6.3712","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 suppresses immunity against Candida albicans through induction of IL-10 and regulatory T cells","volume":"172","author":"Netea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2400119","article-title":"Tim-3 is required for regulatory T cell-mediated promotion of T cell exhaustion and viral persistence during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection","volume":"213","author":"Nieves-Rosado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiad068","article-title":"TIM-3 signaling contributes to the suppressive capacity of Tregs from people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"114","author":"Nieves-Rosado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502139","article-title":"Cutting edge: Regulatory T cells facilitate cutaneous wound healing","volume":"196","author":"Nosbaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1440918","article-title":"Tff1-expressing Tregs in lung prevent exacerbation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Okamoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001761","article-title":"Regulatory T cells enhance susceptibility to experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection independent of mouse genetic background","volume":"6","author":"Okwor","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01028-13","article-title":"Low-dose intradermal infection with trypanosoma congolense leads to expansion of regulatory T cells and enhanced susceptibility to reinfection","volume":"82","author":"Onyilagha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-3232","article-title":"Increased populations of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"65","author":"Ormandy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.002","article-title":"CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells promote Th17 cells in vitro and enhance host resistance in mouse Candida albicans Th17 cell infection model","volume":"34","author":"Pandiyan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1536","article-title":"CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce cytokine deprivation-mediated apoptosis of effector CD4+ T cells","volume":"8","author":"Pandiyan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2585","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800618115","article-title":"Treg cells limit IFN-\u03b3 production to control macrophage accrual and phenotype during skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"115","author":"Panduro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02300-w","article-title":"The co-inhibitory receptor TIGIT promotes tissue-protective functions in T cells","volume":"26","author":"Panetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20132577","article-title":"Interplay between regulatory T cells and PD-1 in modulating T cell exhaustion and viral control during chronic LCMV infection","volume":"211","author":"Penaloza-MacMaster","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2020.151963","article-title":"Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection increases regulatory T cell counts in female C57BL\/6 mice infected via two distinct routes","volume":"225","author":"Peron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib132","article-title":"Developmental and cellular age direct conversion of CD4+ T cells into ROR\u03b3+ or Helios+ colon Treg cells","volume":"217","author":"Pratama","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100213108","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell expansion during chronic viral infection is dependent on endogenous retroviral superantigens","volume":"108","author":"Punkosdy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010105","article-title":"Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity","volume":"16","author":"Queiroz-Glauss","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202947","article-title":"Trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86: a molecular basis for the cell-extrinsic function of CTLA-4","volume":"332","author":"Qureshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.05.001","article-title":"CD25+\/Foxp3+ T cells regulate gastric inflammation and Helicobacter pylori colonization in vivo","volume":"131","author":"Rad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2871","article-title":"Bat3 promotes T cell responses and autoimmunity by repressing Tim-3\u2013mediated cell death and exhaustion","volume":"18","author":"Rangachari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.137539","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcer disease is associated with inadequate regulatory T cell responses","volume":"57","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800096","article-title":"CD4+ regulatory T cells exert differential functions during early and late stages of the immune response to respiratory viruses","volume":"201","author":"Rogers","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.70018","article-title":"A new method to measure cell metabolism of rare cells in vivo reveals a high oxidative phosphorylation dependence of lung T cells","author":"Roubanis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunology and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.02.017","article-title":"Regulatory T cell-derived interleukin-10 limits inflammation at environmental interfaces","volume":"28","author":"Rubtsov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.10.016","article-title":"A wave of regulatory T cells into neonatal skin mediates tolerance to commensal microbes","volume":"43","author":"Scharschmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13577","article-title":"The alarmin IL-33 promotes regulatory T-cell function in the intestine","volume":"513","author":"Schiering","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003362","article-title":"IL-21 restricts virus-driven treg cell expansion in chronic LCMV infection","volume":"9","author":"Schmitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15309-6","article-title":"Rapid expansion of Treg cells protects from collateral colitis following a viral trigger","volume":"11","author":"Schorer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15025-1","article-title":"TIGIT limits immune pathology during viral infections","volume":"11","author":"Schorer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444963","article-title":"CD4(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells suppress fatal T helper 2 cell immunity during pulmonary fungal infection","volume":"44","author":"Schulze","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib148","article-title":"Therapeutic expansion of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells limits allergic airway inflammation during pulmonary fungal infection","volume":"74","author":"Schulze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens and Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062105","article-title":"Expansion and function of Foxp3-expressing T regulatory cells during tuberculosis","volume":"204","author":"Scott-Browne","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa9420","article-title":"Individual intestinal symbionts induce a distinct population of ROR\u03b3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"349","author":"Sefik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7636","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7636","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of FTY720 against viral-induced immunopathology: Role of drug-induced conversion of T cells to become Foxp3+ regulators1","volume":"180","author":"Sehrawat","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6838","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00697-08","article-title":"In vitro-generated antigen-specific CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells control the severity of herpes simplex virus-induced ocular immunoinflammatory lesions","volume":"82","author":"Sehrawat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201210-1934OC","article-title":"Regulatory T cells attenuate mycobacterial stasis in alveolar and blood-derived macrophages from patients with tuberculosis","volume":"187","author":"Semple","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.133","article-title":"Downregulated Th17 responses are associated with reduced gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-infected children","volume":"6","author":"Serrano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091885","article-title":"Pathogen-specific regulatory T cells delay the arrival of effector T cells in the lung during early tuberculosis","volume":"207","author":"Shafiani","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343572","article-title":"Expansion of activated regulatory T cells by myeloid-specific chemokines via an alternative pathway in CSF of bacterial meningitis patients","volume":"44","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20696","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000372117","article-title":"Proenkephalin+ regulatory T cells expanded by ultraviolet B exposure maintain skin homeostasis with a healing function","volume":"117","author":"Shime","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.024","article-title":"Growth factor FGF2 cooperates with Interleukin-17 to repair intestinal epithelial damage","volume":"43","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-00994-x","article-title":"The regulation and differentiation of regulatory T cells and their dysfunction in autoimmune diseases","volume":"24","author":"Sumida","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06730-3","article-title":"Impact of immune checkpoint molecules on FoxP3+ Treg cells and related cytokines in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25439","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 controls expansion and function of regulatory T cells","volume":"116","author":"Sutmuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.4123","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control the severity of viral immunoinflammatory lesions1","volume":"172","author":"Suvas","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-2112-7","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signals attenuate lung fibrosis in the bleomycin-induced mouse model for pulmonary fibrosis through increase of regulatory T cells","volume":"22","author":"Takei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13097","article-title":"CCR6+ T helper cells and regulatory T cells in the blood and gastric mucosa during Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"29","author":"Talayev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653803","article-title":"Interleukin-33-dependent accumulation of regulatory T cells mediates pulmonary epithelial regeneration during acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-011-0232-6","article-title":"Regulatory T cells ameliorate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction","volume":"107","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Basic Research in Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib167","article-title":"Treg-expressed CTLA-4 depletes CD80\/CD86 by trogocytosis, releasing free PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells","volume":"118","author":"Tekguc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7800","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1681","article-title":"Conditional regulatory T-cell depletion releases adaptive immunity preventing carcinogenesis and suppressing established tumor growth","volume":"70","author":"Teng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.2.287","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production","volume":"188","author":"Thornton","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2017.0103","article-title":"Conjugated bilirubin upregulates TIM-3 expression on CD4+CD25+ T cells: Anti-inflammatory implications for hepatitis a virus infection","volume":"31","author":"Trujillo-Ochoa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viral Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3085","article-title":"The transcriptional regulators IRF4, BATF and IL-33 orchestrate development and maintenance of adipose tissue-resident regulatory T cells","volume":"16","author":"Vasanthakumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002427","article-title":"Controlling viral immuno-inflammatory lesions by modulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling","volume":"7","author":"Veiga-Parga","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5924","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202322","article-title":"On the role of regulatory t cells during viral-induced inflammatory lesions","volume":"189","author":"Veiga-Parga","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.17","article-title":"Regulatory T cells promote a protective Th17-associated immune response to intestinal bacterial infection with C. rodentium","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.08.012","article-title":"An essential role of the transcription factor GATA-3 for the function of regulatory T cells","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.03.008","article-title":"Long-term tolerance to skin commensals is established neonatally through a specialized dendritic cell subgroup","volume":"56","author":"Weckel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2514","article-title":"Regulatory T cells prevent control of experimental African trypanosomiasis","volume":"180","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.303895","article-title":"Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells improve healing after myocardial infarction by modulating monocyte\/macrophage differentiation","volume":"115","author":"Weirather","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501871","article-title":"Regulatory T cell induction and retention in the lungs drives suppression of detrimental type 2 Th cells during pulmonary cryptococcal infection","volume":"196","author":"Wiesner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01347-8","article-title":"Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in liver fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discovery"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141852","article-title":"Blockade of Tim-3 signaling restores the virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140672","article-title":"Activated regulatory T-cells attenuate myocardial ischaemia\/reperfusion injury through a CD39-dependent mechanism","volume":"128","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.05.043","article-title":"Regulatory T cells promote \u03b2-catenin--mediated epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition during radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"93","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib184","article-title":"TNFR2+ regulatory T cells protect against bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia by suppressing IL-17A-producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the lung","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8391","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8391","article-title":"CCR6 regulates the migration of inflammatory and regulatory T cells","volume":"181","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.007","article-title":"Molecular antagonism and plasticity of regulatory and inflammatory T cell programs","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.09.006","article-title":"Spatiotemporal basis of CTLA-4 costimulatory molecule-mediated negative regulation of T cell activation","volume":"33","author":"Yokosuka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000406","article-title":"Regulatory T cells suppress antiviral immune responses and increase viral loads during acute infection with a lymphotropic retrovirus","volume":"5","author":"Zelinskyy","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-11-4502","article-title":"Activated CD4+CD25+ T cells selectively kill B lymphocytes","volume":"107","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay6191","article-title":"The obesity-induced adipokine sST2 exacerbates adipose Treg and ILC2 depletion and promotes insulin resistance","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07674","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell suppressor program co-opts transcription factor IRF4 to control T(H)2 responses","volume":"458","author":"Zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01211-08","article-title":"Immunopathological basis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced chorioretinitis and keratitis","volume":"83","author":"Zinkernagel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"}],"container-title":["Advances in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0065277625000422?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0065277625000422?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:57:38Z","timestamp":1779382658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0065277625000422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9780443313868"],"references-count":192,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.ai.2025.11.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2776","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}