{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:37:29Z","timestamp":1790962649968,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":484,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780443471186","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T20:38:08Z","timestamp":1785271088000},"page":"117-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Marine benthic invertebrate biodiversity in South Africa: Advances and gaps in taxonomic and genetic knowledge"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara J.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.A.","family":"Botha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa K.","family":"Boonzaaier-Davids","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rouane","family":"Brokensha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan T.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nothando M.","family":"Duma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlien","family":"Britz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoleka","family":"Filander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin G.J.","family":"Hendricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norton","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Janion-Scheepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyothi","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Karenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannes","family":"Landschoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob W.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek R.","family":"Lipi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"MacKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelisiwe M.","family":"Manukuza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwynneth","family":"Matcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buyani","family":"Mazeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Mwale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Olbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Parker-Nance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn P.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean N.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toufiek","family":"Samaai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Schleyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinothando S.","family":"Shibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Thandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bomikazi","family":"Tshingana-Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry J.","family":"Sink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12521","article-title":"A global estimate of genetic and geographic differentiation in macromedusae - Implications for identifying the causes of jellyfish blooms","volume":"591","author":"Abboud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4543.4.3","article-title":"Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis","volume":"4543","author":"Acevedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3391\/bir.2025.14.1.15","article-title":"First record of the marine alien bryozoan Amathia verticillata (delle Chiaje, 1822) in South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Ackland","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioInvasions Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/15627020.2004.11657216","article-title":"Species richness, endemicity and distribution patterns of South African sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria & Corallimorpharia)","volume":"39","author":"Acu\u00f1a","year":"2004","journal-title":"Afr. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib5","series-title":"Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca","first-page":"201","article-title":"Gastropoda: an overview and analysis. Pp. 201\u2013238","author":"Aktipis","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315419000894","article-title":"Early Pleistocene divergence of Pelagia noctiluca populations (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea","volume":"99","author":"Ale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib7","first-page":"413","article-title":"The functional morphology of Atlantic deep-water species of the families Cuspidariidae and Poromyidae (Bivalvia): An analysis of the evolution of the septibranch condition","volume":"294","author":"Allen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1021\/np034084b","article-title":"Cytotoxic pyrroloiminoquinones from four new species of South African latrunculid sponges","volume":"67","author":"Antunes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nat. Products"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Monograph of the South African Polyplacophora (chitons)","volume":"30","author":"Ashby","year":"1931","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib10","series-title":"Phylum Brachiopoda In: Atkinson & Sink 2018 Field Guide to the Offshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa","first-page":"245","author":"Atkinson","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib11","series-title":"Field Guide to the Offshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa","first-page":"498","author":"Atkinson","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-4642.2002.00132.x","article-title":"Distribution of South African marine benthic invertebrates applied to the selection of priority conservation areas","volume":"8","author":"Awad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diversity Distrib."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1890\/120022","article-title":"Deep cold-water corals as nurseries for fish larvae","volume":"10","author":"Baillon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib14","first-page":"838","article-title":"Descriptive list of South African stomatopod Crustacea (Mantis Shrimps)","volume":"38","author":"Barnard","year":"1950","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib15","first-page":"81","article-title":"South African pycnogonida","volume":"41","author":"Barnard","year":"1954","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"issue":"6-8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.113472ab","article-title":"The nematocyst: a molecular map of the cnidarian stinging organelle","volume":"56","author":"Beckmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev.\u00a0Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Corals of the South-West Indian Ocean I. Alcyonacea from Sodwana Bay, South Africa","volume":"67","author":"Benayahu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest.\u00a0Rep. Oceanographic Res. Inst. (Durb.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib18","first-page":"493","article-title":"Evolution of box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa), a group of highly toxic invertebrates","volume":"277","author":"Bentlage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222047","article-title":"DNA barcoding of southern African crustaceans reveals a mix of invasive species and potential cryptic diversity","volume":"14","author":"Bezeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps320001","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a DNA-barcoding approach for the rapid identification of nematodes","volume":"320","author":"Bhadury","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/15627020.2016.1196610","article-title":"Additions to the barnacle (Crustacea: Cirripedia) fauna of South Africa","volume":"51","author":"Biccard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. Zool."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.11.004","article-title":"Cryptic species as a window on diversity and conservation","volume":"22","author":"Bickford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. & Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4003\/006.031.0105","article-title":"Bivalvia \u2013 a discussion of known unknowns","volume":"31","author":"Bieler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Malacol.\u00a0Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-353","article-title":"Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: A focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades","volume":"10","author":"Bik","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Evolut. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-389","article-title":"Low endemism, continued deep-shallow interchanges, and evidence for cosmopolitan distributions in free-living marine nematodes (order Enoplida)","volume":"10","author":"Bik","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Evolut. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib26","article-title":"The importance of long-time series of benthic data for science and management, International Council for Exploration of the Sea","volume":"83","author":"Birchenough","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/15627020.2019.1600429","article-title":"The echiuran fauna of southern Africa (Class: Echiura, Phylum: Annelida)","volume":"54","author":"Biseswar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib28","first-page":"205","article-title":"Nebalia deborahae, a new species of Leptostraca (Phyllocarida) from Southwest Africa","author":"Bochert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crustaceana"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib29","series-title":"Australian Bryozoa Volume 1: Biology, Ecology and Natural History","first-page":"71","article-title":"General morphology and terminology","author":"Bock","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib30","unstructured":"Bock, P., 2020. The Bryozoa Home Page. International Bryozoology Association. Available at: https:\/\/www.bryozoa.net\/ [Accessed 7 May 2026]."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2020.1765870","article-title":"Zoogeography of marine Bryozoa around South Africa","volume":"42","author":"Boonzaaier-Davids","year":"2020","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4820.1.5","article-title":"Novel taxa of Cheilostomata Bryozoa discovered in the historical backlogs of the Iziko South African Museum","volume":"4820","author":"Boonzaaier-Davids","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5258.2.2","article-title":"Epibiotic association of encrusting bryozoans (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) on shells of an invasive mussel (Mollusca, Bivalvia) on rocky shores of South Africa, with description of a new aviculiferous species of Chaperia","volume":"5258","author":"Boonzaaier-Davids","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"An annotated checklist of Southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Durban","volume":"49","author":"Boshoff","year":"1981","journal-title":"Investigational Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"048","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4949.1.3","article-title":"South African Acrothoracia (Crustacea: Cirripedia)","volume":"4949","author":"Botha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5661.3.2","article-title":"The Galatheidae (Anomura: Galatheoidea) of South Africa, with a description of a new species","volume":"5661","author":"Botha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5852\/ejt.2026.1043.3219","article-title":"Additions and revisions to the family Munididae (Anomura: Galatheoidea) from South Africa, with description of a new species","author":"Botha","year":"2026","journal-title":"Submitted Eur. J. Taxonomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib38","unstructured":"Botha, T.P.A., 2024. A taxonomic revision of the squat lobsters (Anomura: Chirostyloidea and Galatheoidea) of South Africa. PhD thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib39","unstructured":"Bouchet, P. (2006). The magnitude of marine biodiversity. The exploration of marine biodiversity: scientific and technological challenges, 31-62."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2013.05.042","article-title":"Genomics in marine monitoring: new opportunities for assessing marine health status","volume":"74","author":"Bourlat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib41","first-page":"1","article-title":"The first animals: ca. 760-million-year-old sponge-like fossils from Namibia","volume":"108","author":"Brain","year":"2012","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib42","series-title":"Two Oceans: A Guide to the Marine Life of Southern Africa","author":"Branch","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib43","series-title":"Two Oceans: A Guide to the Marine Life of Southern Africa","author":"Branch","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.117023","article-title":"Benthic taxonomic and functional diversity change across a depth gradient in the Southern Benguela Shelf ecoregion","volume":"208","author":"Brandt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlad062","article-title":"A tenuis relationship: traditional taxonomy obscures systematics and biogeography of the \u2018Acropora tenuis\u2019 (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) species complex","volume":"202","author":"Bridge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zool. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.5852\/ejt.2023.900.2309","article-title":"New and notable stomatopods (Crustacea, Stomatopoda) from Mozambique","volume":"900","author":"Brokensha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Taxonomy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5713.1.1","article-title":"Taxonomic guide to the mantis shrimps (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) of South Africa","volume":"5713","author":"Brokensha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/jcbiol\/ruaa074","article-title":"Redescription and notes on the ecology of Pagurapseudes dentatus (Brown, 1956)(Peracarida: Tanaidacea), a shell-inhabiting tanaid from South Africa","volume":"40","author":"Brokensha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Crustacean Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib49","first-page":"27","article-title":"Hydromedusae of the Agulhas Current","volume":"46","author":"Buecher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr. Invertebrates"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.476","article-title":"Environmental DNA and RNA in aquatic community ecology: Toward methodological standardization","volume":"5","author":"Bunholi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. DNA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s003380050060","article-title":"Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Australia: systematics, evolution and a key to species","volume":"16","author":"Burnett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Coral Reefs"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib52","first-page":"1","article-title":"A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia of the western Atlantic","volume":"75","author":"Cairns","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stud. Nat. History Caribb. Reg."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2307\/3514799","article-title":"Phylogenetic implications of calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)","author":"Cairns","year":"1992","journal-title":"Palaios"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3691.1.1","article-title":"Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa","volume":"3691","author":"Cairns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2017.07.006","article-title":"Rethinking the importance of food quality in marine benthic food webs","volume":"156","author":"Campany\u00e0-Llovet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanography"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib56","first-page":"339","article-title":"Die larven der Ceriantharien, Zoantharien und Actiniarien der deutschen Tiefsee-expedition mit einen Nachtrag zu den Zoantharien","volume":"19","author":"Carlgren","year":"1924","journal-title":"Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer \u201cValdivia\u201d 1898-1899"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib57","first-page":"1","article-title":"South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar","volume":"17","author":"Carlgren","year":"1938","journal-title":"[The Royal Swedish Academy of Science Documents]"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some new South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia","volume":"32","author":"Carlgren","year":"1940","journal-title":"Arkiv f\u00fcr Zoologi [Arcive for Zoology]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2989\/025776194784287058","article-title":"Checklist of the marine planktonic Copepoda of southern Africa and their worldwide geographic distribution","volume":"14","author":"Carola","year":"1994","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12413","article-title":"How to fail at species delimitation","volume":"22","author":"Carstens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.690704","article-title":"Often overlooked: understanding and meeting the current challenges of marine invertebrate conservation","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526-017-0813-1","article-title":"An approach based on nematode descriptors for the classification of ecological quality (EcoQ) of the Malaysian coasts","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2013.795915","article-title":"High latitude connectivity of the scleractinian coral, Acropora tenuis, in the south-western Indian Ocean, using nuclear intron and mitochondrial sequence data","volume":"35","author":"Chiazzari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220477","article-title":"Living on the edge: assessing the diversity of South African Pocillopora on the margins of the Southwestern Indian Ocean","volume":"14","author":"Chiazzari","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib65","unstructured":"Chiazzari, B., 2023. A phylogenetic analysis of the hermatypic Scleractinia of South Africa. PhD thesis. University of KwaZulu Natal."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13459","article-title":"Hidden diversity of Ctenophora revealed by new mitochondrial COI primers and sequences","volume":"22","author":"Christianson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib67","first-page":"221","article-title":"The Echinoderm fauna of South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Clark","year":"1923","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib68","first-page":"1","article-title":"VII. Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey. Report of the Union of South Africa","volume":"4","author":"Clark","year":"1926","journal-title":"Fish. Mar. Biol. Surv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/00359195109519884","article-title":"Some echinoderms from South Africa","volume":"33","author":"Clark","year":"1952","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. South. Afr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib70","first-page":"423","article-title":"Notes on some echinoderms from Southern Africa","volume":"26","author":"Clark","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. History)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib71","first-page":"133","article-title":"The South African Museum\u2019s Meiring Naude cruises","volume":"73","author":"Clark","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i51","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsv123","article-title":"The impacts of deep-sea fisheries on benthic communities: a review","volume":"73","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib73","series-title":"The Echinoderms of Southern Africa","first-page":"277","author":"Clark","year":"1976"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib74","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mollusc collections at South African institutions: development and current status","volume":"117","author":"Cole","year":"2021","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib75","unstructured":"Collins, A.G., 2026. World List of Cubozoa. Cubozoa. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135219 on 01-5-2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib76","article-title":"Introducing bryozoans","author":"Cook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australian Bryozoa Volume 1: Biology, Ecol. Nat. History"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95872-0","article-title":"Phylogeography, colouration, and cryptic speciation across the Indo-Pacific in the sea urchin genus Echinothrix","volume":"11","author":"Coppard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6118","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230318","article-title":"Can we name Earth\u2019s species before they go extinct?","volume":"339","author":"Costello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5375.2.6","article-title":"Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia","volume":"5375","author":"Courville","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib80","article-title":"An enhanced target-enrichment bait set for Hexacorallia provides phylogenomic resolution of the staghorn corals (Acroporidae) and close relatives","volume":"153","author":"Cowman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet.\u00a0Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062306","article-title":"Uses and misuses of environmental DNA in biodiversity science and conservation","volume":"49","author":"Cristescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol.\u00a0Evol.\u00a0Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15627020.2016.1151377","article-title":"A review of over a decade of DNA barcoding in South Africa: a faunal perspective","volume":"51","author":"da Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1668.1.11","article-title":"The phylum Cnidaria: a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus","volume":"1668","author":"Daly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ruaf061","DOI":"10.1093\/jcbiol\/ruaf061","article-title":"Mind the gap: DNA barcoding as a tool to delineate evolutionary units in Afrotropical freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Deckeniidae and Potamonautidae)","volume":"45","author":"Daniels","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Crustacean Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-5995(05)80054-7","article-title":"Bioactive natural products from southern African marine invertebrates","volume":"32","author":"Davies-Coleman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stud. Nat. Products Chem."},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib86","article-title":"The colourful chemistry of South African latrunculid sponges","volume":"115","author":"Davies-Coleman","year":"2019","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib87","first-page":"539","article-title":"Ten years of marine natural products research at Rhodes University","volume":"100","author":"Davies-Coleman","year":"2004","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2307\/1543089","article-title":"Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa)","volume":"200","author":"Dawson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib89","series-title":"British Museum of Natural History Publication Number 656","article-title":"A monograph on the Polychaeta of southern Africa","volume":"Vol. 1 & 2","author":"Day","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib90","unstructured":"de Carvalho Hogan, R.I., 2024. Evolution and biodiversity of sea pens (Octocorallia: Scleralcyonacea: Pennatuloidea). PhD, University of Galway. pp 1\u2013251."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3354\/meps10311","article-title":"Processes controlling the benthic food web of a mesotrophic bight (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) revealed by stable isotope analysis","volume":"484","author":"De Lecea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib92","unstructured":"de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez, B., Boury-Esnault, N., C\u00e1rdenas, P., D\u00edaz, M.-C., Dohrmann, M., et al., 2026. World Porifera Database. Accessed at https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/porifera on 2026\u201303-18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14284\/359."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib93","first-page":"11","article-title":"The use of polychaetes (Annelida) as indicator species of marine pollution: a review","volume":"56","author":"Dean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. de. Biologia Tropical"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2021.1925346","article-title":"Development of genetic tools for the red bait species Pyura herdmani and P. stolonifera, important bioengineers along African coastlines","volume":"43","author":"Dinoi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2013.07.018","article-title":"Phylogeny and systematics of deep-sea sea pens (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea)","volume":"69","author":"Dolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet.\u00a0Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-041911-111611","article-title":"Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems","volume":"4","author":"Doney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s13358-018-0157-x","article-title":"The internal morphology of primary spines of extant regular echinoids in the tropical western Atlantic: a SEM atlas","volume":"137","author":"Donovan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Swiss J. Palaeontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib98","unstructured":"Driver, A., Sink, K.J., Nel, J.L., Holness, S., Van Niekerk, L., Daniels, F., et al., 2012. National biodiversity assessment 2011: an assessment of South Africa\u2019s biodiversity and ecosystems. Synthesis Report. South African National Biodiversity Institute and Department of Environmental Affairs, Pretoria."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2014.01.031","article-title":"Molecular systematics of the deep-sea bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Isididae: Keratoisidinae) from New Zealand with descriptions of two new species of Keratoisis","volume":"74","author":"Due\u00f1as","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet.\u00a0Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib100","first-page":"80","article-title":"A new species of Parazoanthus","volume":"2","author":"Duerden","year":"1907","journal-title":"Rec. Albany Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib101","unstructured":"Duma, N., 2023. Cretaceous bryozoan fossils from Needs Camp, South Africa. Master\u2019s thesis. Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town. Available at: https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/porifera on 2026\u201303-18. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11427\/39411."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06614","article-title":"Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life","volume":"452","author":"Dunn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.07.023","article-title":"Morphological and genetic analyses reveal a cryptic species complex in the echinoid Echinocardium cordatum and rule out a stabilizing-selection explanation","volume":"94","author":"Egea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet.\u00a0Evol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17677","article-title":"Delimiting species\u2014Prospects and challenges for DNA barcoding","volume":"34","author":"Emerson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3703.1.15","article-title":"Phylum brachiopoda. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013)","volume":"3703","author":"Emig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib106","series-title":"A Guide to, and Checklist for, the Decapoda of Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique (Volume 3)","author":"Emmerson","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00350300","article-title":"Feeding mechanism of the brisingid starfish Novodinia antillensis","volume":"118","author":"Emson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mar. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib108","series-title":"The chiton fauna (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) of South Africa","author":"Erasmus","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-022-10071-3","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characterisation of Alella igillimpethu n. sp. (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Lernaeopodidae) parasitising the southern African endemic intertidal klipfish, Clinus superciliosus","volume":"100","author":"Erasmus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib110","series-title":"Handbook of Zoology: Bryozoa","first-page":"11","article-title":"Fossil record and evolution of Bryozoa","author":"Ernst","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib111","article-title":"A genetic approach to the biodiversity of shallow water alcyonacea in South Africa","author":"Etsebeth","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib112","series-title":"DNA Barcoding Methods for Invertebrates","first-page":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib113","unstructured":"Noppe, F., 2016. DNA barcoding and metabarcoding marine nematodes: from voucher to sequence and back. MSc Thesis. UGent. Faculteit Wetenschappen: Ghent 79."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2021.1886988","article-title":"Strengthening the DNA barcode reference library for South African estuarine macrofauna","volume":"43","author":"Fagg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"523","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib115","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of the genus Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) based upon type material","author":"Fauchald","year":"1992","journal-title":"Smithson. Contrib.\u00a0Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4145.1.1","article-title":"Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)","volume":"4145","author":"Fautin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syae010","article-title":"Phylogenomics of neogastropoda: the backbone hidden in the bush","volume":"73","author":"Fedosov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Syst. Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib118","first-page":"47","article-title":"Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)","volume":"10","author":"Filander","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr. Nat. History"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4296.1.1","article-title":"Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa","volume":"4296","author":"Filander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.1066.69697","article-title":"2021. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnideria, Anthozoa) from South Africa","volume":"1066","author":"Filander","year":"2021","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.831.31381","article-title":"Four notable additions to the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Echinoidea)","volume":"831","author":"Filander","year":"2019","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296188","article-title":"Diversity patterns of the South African azooxanthellate scleractinians (Cnidaria: Anthozoa), with considerations of environmental correlates","volume":"19","author":"Filander","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.1025113","article-title":"Benthic species patterns in and around the Cape Canyon: a large submarine canyon off the western passive margin of South Africa","volume":"9","author":"Filander","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315413000647","article-title":"Changes in biological traits of macro-benthic communities subjected to different intensities of demersal trawling along the west coast of southern Africa","volume":"93","author":"Fleddum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.17159\/2305-7963\/2016\/v12n1a2","article-title":"Some deep-water Cheilostome Bryozoa from the south coast of South Africa","volume":"12","author":"Florence","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. Nat. History"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib126","first-page":"1","article-title":"Taxonomy of shallow-water Bryozoa from the west coast of South Africa","volume":"3","author":"Florence","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr. Nat. History"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib127","first-page":"209","article-title":"First observation of Acropora robusta on the high-latitude coral reefs of South Africa: a species range extension","volume":"11","author":"Floros","year":"2012","journal-title":"West. Indian. Ocean. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1497","article-title":"Toward accurate molecular identification of species in complex environmental samples: testing the performance of sequence filtering and clustering methods","volume":"5","author":"Flynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib129","first-page":"294","article-title":"DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates","volume":"3","author":"Folmer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.113814","article-title":"Free-living nematodes of Mediterranean ports: a mandatory contribution for their use in ecological quality assessment","volume":"180","author":"Franzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143992","article-title":"Developing and testing a new ecological quality status index based on marine nematode metabarcoding: a proof of concept","volume":"370","author":"Frontalini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"6977","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02339","article-title":"Conventional taxonomy obscures deep divergence between Pacific and Atlantic corals","volume":"427","author":"Fukami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2025.08.002","article-title":"Benthic marine diversity in Southwestern Atlantic-challenges for taxonomy and conservation","volume":"101","author":"Fukuda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2017.09.001","article-title":"A multilocus view on Mediterranean aeolid nudibranchs (Mollusca): systematics and cryptic diversity of Flabellinidae and Piseinotecidae","volume":"118","author":"Furfaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet.\u00a0Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07663","article-title":"A keystone predatory sea star in the intertidal zone is controlled by a higher-order predatory sea star in the subtidal zone","volume":"370","author":"Gaymer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2088.1.5","article-title":"Carybdea branchi, sp. nov., a new box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from South Africa","volume":"2088","author":"Gershwin","year":"2009","journal-title":"ZooTaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib137","first-page":"8","article-title":"The taxonomic richness of South Africa\u2019s marine fauna: a crisis at hand","volume":"95","author":"Gibbons","year":"1999","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2009.02237.x","article-title":"Patterns in marine hydrozoan richness and biogeography around southern Africa: implications of life-history strategy","volume":"37","author":"Gibbons","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10697","article-title":"Records of ctenophores from South Africa","volume":"9","author":"Gibbons","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315424000833","article-title":"First record of Stygiomedusa gigantea (Discomedusae: Ulmaridae) from Southern Africa, with a comment on scyphozoan distribution","volume":"104","author":"Gibbons","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib141","series-title":"Identification Guide to Macro Jellyfishes of West Africa","author":"Gibbons","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib142","series-title":"Meiobenthology: The Microscopic Motile Fauna of Aquatic Sediments","author":"Giere","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0719-8","article-title":"The genome of the jellyfish Aurelia and the evolution of animal complexity","volume":"3","author":"Gold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1071\/IS16055","article-title":"Species richness of jellyfishes (Scyphozoa: Discomedusae) in the Tropical Eastern Pacific: Missed taxa, molecules, and morphology match in a biodiversity hotspot","volume":"31","author":"Gomez Daglio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invertebrate Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib145","first-page":"136","article-title":"Nudibranchs of Southern Africa. A guide to opisthobranch molluscs of Southern Africa","author":"Gosliner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sea Challengers: Monterey"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib146","author":"Gosliner","year":"2023"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6210","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16567","article-title":"Metabarcoding analysis of marine zooplankton confirms the ecological role of a sheltered bight along an exposed continental shelf","volume":"32","author":"Govender","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00338-012-0984-y","article-title":"The importance of structural complexity in coral reef ecosystems","volume":"32","author":"Graham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Coral reefs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3391\/bir.2018.7.4.18","article-title":"First record of the maritime earwig Anisolabis maritima (Bonelli, 1832) (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) from South Africa","volume":"7","author":"Griffiths","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioInvasions Rec."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012008","article-title":"Marine biodiversity in South Africa: an evaluation of current states of knowledge","volume":"5","author":"Griffiths","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib151","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use and usefulness of measures of marine endemicity in South Africa","volume":"112","author":"Griffiths","year":"2016","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-023-01551-z","article-title":"Hologenome analysis reveals independent evolution to chemosymbiosis by deep-sea bivalves","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.4236\/jwarp.2011.37057","article-title":"Pollution status of two river estuaries in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, based on benthic meiofauna analyses","volume":"03","author":"Gyedu-Ababio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Water Resour. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.01.010","article-title":"Response of meiofauna and nematode communities to increased levels of contaminants in a laboratory microcosm experiment","volume":"63","author":"Gyedu-Ababio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003617825985","article-title":"Nematodes as indicators of pollution: a case study from the Swartkops River system, South Africa","volume":"397","author":"Gyedu-Ababio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-120308-081028","article-title":"Bioluminescence in the Sea","volume":"2","author":"Haddock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib157","unstructured":"Hamer, M., 2013. A national strategy for zoological taxonomy (2013\u20132020). Unpublished report prepared for the South African National Biodiversity Institute. pp. 53. https:\/\/www.sanbi.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/documents\/national-strategy-zoological-taxonomy.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3897\/mbmg.9.161301","article-title":"The design and testing of taxon-specific mini-barcode markers for metabarcoding of marine zooplankton","volume":"9","author":"Harpal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabarcoding Metagenom."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/pala.12307","article-title":"Brachiopods: origin and early history","volume":"60","author":"Harper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2022.106368","article-title":"A robust, systematic approach for developing the biodiversity sector\u2019s input for multi-sector marine spatial planning","volume":"230","author":"Harris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocean. & Coast. Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-021-09984-2","article-title":"Sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) from South Africa, with descriptions of two new species of Caligus","volume":"98","author":"Hayes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib162","first-page":"1","article-title":"The South African Museum\u2019s Meiring Naud\u00e9 Cruises. Part 13, Bryozoa II","volume":"91","author":"Hayward","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"issue":"1512","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2218","article-title":"Biological identifications through DNA barcodes","volume":"270","author":"Hebert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib164","first-page":"399","article-title":"Ecology of marine nematodes","volume":"23","author":"Heip","year":"1985","journal-title":"Oceanography Mar. Biology: An. Annu. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib165","unstructured":"Heip, C., Hummel, H., van Avesaath, P., Appeltans, W., Arvanitidis, C., Aspden, R., et al., (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland. ISSN 2009-2539."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib166","first-page":"2","article-title":"Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten","volume":"77","author":"Heller","year":"1878","journal-title":"Sitzber. Acad. Wiss. Wien"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2504.1.2","article-title":"Two new nematode species from Saldanha Bay, South Africa: Perepsilonema benguelae sp. nov. and Leptepsilonema saldanhae sp. nov. (Desmodorida, Epsilonematidae)","volume":"2504","author":"Hendricks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib168","series-title":"Field Guide to the Offshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa","first-page":"249","article-title":"Phylum mollusca","author":"Herbert","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02541858.1986.11447951","article-title":"Taxonomic studies on the Emarginulinae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Fissurellidae) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Emarginula, Emarginella, Puncturella, Fissurisepta and Rimula","volume":"21","author":"Herbert","year":"1986","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1017\/S0370164600044175","article-title":"5. Preliminary report on the tunicata of the \u201cChallenger\u201d expedition","volume":"10","author":"Herdman","year":"1880","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Edinb."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib171","first-page":"1","article-title":"Report on the Tunicata collected during the Voyage of HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76. I. Ascidiae simplices","author":"Herdman","year":"1882","journal-title":"Rep. Sci. Results Voyage HMS Chall. Years 1873-76"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib172","series-title":"Fossil Crinoids","first-page":"275","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2021.106001","article-title":"The distribution of offshore benthic molluscs provides new insight into South Africa\u2019s marine biogeography","volume":"217","author":"Heyns-Veale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocean. Coast. Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib174","first-page":"97","article-title":"The South African Museum\u2019s Meiring Naude cruises, part 16. Brachiopoda from the 1975-1979 cruises","volume":"97","author":"Hiller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022336000026214","article-title":"The environment, biogeography and origin of the southern African Recent brachiopod fauna","volume":"68","author":"Hiller","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Paleontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib176","first-page":"379","article-title":"A review of the systematics, biogeography and evolutionary relationships of Recent and fossil brachiopods of the Superfamily Kraussinoidea Dall, with descriptions of two new fossil species from New Zealand and Chile","volume":"98","author":"Hiller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10030375","article-title":"Evaluating eDNA for use within marine environmental impact assessments","volume":"10","author":"Hinz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mar. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib178","unstructured":"Ho, Y.-T., 2023. Population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the endemic red-chested sea cucumber, Hemiocnus insolens, along the southern coastline of Africa, MSc thesis, University of Cape Town."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5114.1.1","article-title":"Phylum Nematoda: a classification, catalogue and index of valid genera, with a census of valid species","volume":"5114","author":"Hodda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5114.1.3","article-title":"Phylum Nematoda: feeding habits for all valid genera using a new, universal scheme encompassing the entire phylum, with descriptions of morphological characteristics of the stoma, a key, and discussion of the evidence for trophic relationships","volume":"5114","author":"Hodda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"5857","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152509","article-title":"Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification","volume":"318","author":"Hoegh-Guldberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib182","series-title":"World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)","article-title":"World list of scleractinia","author":"Hoeksema","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib183","first-page":"1846","article-title":"Managing human-mediated range shifts: understanding spatial, temporal and genetic variation in marine non-native species","volume":"377","author":"Holman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib184","series-title":"Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges","author":"Hooper","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib185","article-title":"Are free-living nematodes effective environmental quality indicators? Insights from Bohai Bay","volume":"127","author":"Hua","year":"2021","journal-title":"China. Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib186","series-title":"Compendium of Bivalves. A Full-Color Guide to 3,300 of the World\u2019s Marine Bivalves. A Status on Bivalvia after 250 Years of Research","first-page":"901","author":"Huber","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib187","series-title":"Compendium of Bivalves 2. A Full-Color Guide to the Remaining Seven Families. A Systematic Listing of 8,500 Bivalve Species and 10,500 Synonyms","first-page":"901","author":"Huber","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib188","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metabarcoding of zooplankton to derive indicators of pelagic ecosystem status","volume":"118","author":"Huggett","year":"2022","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12619","article-title":"Detection limits of quantitative and digital PCR assays and their influence in presence\u2013absence surveys of environmental DNA","volume":"17","author":"Hunter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(02)00483-6","article-title":"Marine invertebrates and their conservation","volume":"46","author":"Hutchings","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2025.08.003","article-title":"Taxonomy is a foundation of marine science, and it is in trouble","volume":"101","author":"Hutchings","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib192","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current status of benthic marine macroinvertebrate identification in the ASEAN countries and its impacts for management","volume":"101","author":"Idris","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.04.029","article-title":"Ctenophores are a highly impactful predatory guild in open oceanic ecosystems","volume":"35","author":"Irvine","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib194","first-page":"1","article-title":"A revision of some South African Brachiopoda; with descriptions of new species","volume":"41","author":"Jackson","year":"1952","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.503.8966","article-title":"Updated list of Collembola species currently recorded from South Africa","volume":"503","author":"Janion-Scheepers","year":"2015","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib196","series-title":"Ecology and Biodiversity of Benthos","first-page":"337","article-title":"Benthic organisms as an ecological tool for monitoring coastal and marine ecosystem health","author":"Jayachandran","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033479","article-title":"Traditional taxonomic groupings mask evolutionary history: A molecular phylogeny and new classification of the chromodorid nudibranchs","volume":"7","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib198","series-title":"A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula","first-page":"271","author":"Jones","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib199","series-title":"Nematology in South Africa: A Review from the 21st Century","first-page":"231","article-title":"Nematode pests of potato and other vegetable crops","author":"Jones","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-10-59","article-title":"How to describe a cryptic species? Practical challenges of molecular taxonomy","volume":"10","author":"Jorger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Zool."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.70149","article-title":"Implementing genomics in conservation: gaps, disparities and need for interdisciplinary collaborations and capacity building in the global south","volume":"32","author":"Jose","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diversity Distrib."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msv050","article-title":"Evolution of an ancient venom: recognition of a novel family of cnidarian toxins and the common evolutionary origin of sodium and potassium neurotoxins in sea anemone","volume":"32","author":"Jouiaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-010814-020007","article-title":"Diet of worms emended: an update of polychaete feeding guilds","volume":"7","author":"Jumars","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00338-010-0593-6","article-title":"Community ecology of mesophotic coral reef ecosystems","volume":"29","author":"Kahng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Coral Reefs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/eyae032","article-title":"Generic revision of the Recent Turridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea)","volume":"90","author":"Kantor","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Molluscan Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1071\/IS18016","article-title":"Integrative taxonomic methods reveal an incorrect synonymisation of the South African Pseudonereis podocirra (Schmarda) as the widespread Pseudonereis variegata (Grube) from Chile","volume":"32","author":"Kara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invertebr.\u00a0Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16665","article-title":"A closer look at the taxonomic and genetic diversity of endemic.\u00a0South African Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865","volume":"11","author":"Kara","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10076","article-title":"Morphological and molecular systematic review of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Annelida: Eunicidae) species from South Africa","volume":"8","author":"Kara","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1071\/IS19072","article-title":"Resolving the taxonomic identities and genetic structure of two cryptic Platynereis Kinberg species from South Africa","volume":"34","author":"Kara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invertebr.\u00a0Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2023.11.002","article-title":"Species delimitation 4.0: integrative taxonomy meets artificial intelligence","volume":"39","author":"Karbstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib211","series-title":"Ecosystems at the Land-Sea Margin: Drainage Basin to Coastal Sea","article-title":"Pelagic-benthic coupling and nutrient cycling","author":"Kemp","year":"1999"},{"issue":"75","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib212","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development of encounter protocols and assessment of significant adverse impact by bottom trawling for sponge grounds and Sea pen fields in the NAFO regulatory area","volume":"11","author":"Kenchington","year":"2011","journal-title":"Northwest. Atl. Fish. Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib213","series-title":"Shrimps and Prawns of Southern Africa. South African Museum","first-page":"65","author":"Kensley","year":"1972"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib214","first-page":"125","article-title":"The South African Museum\u2019s Meiring Naude Cruises. Part 7 Marine Isopoda","volume":"74","author":"Kensley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib215","first-page":"130","article-title":"South African parasitic copepoda","author":"Kensley","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01520","article-title":"DNA barcoding reveals the coral \u201claboratory-rat\u201d, Stylophora pistillata encompasses multiple identities","volume":"3","author":"Keshavmurthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0345173","article-title":"An overview of DNA barcoding of biodiversity in South Africa","volume":"21","author":"Kgatla","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib218","first-page":"446","article-title":"Then a-dredging we will go, wise boys\u2019 \u2013 an outline of the natal museum dredging programme","volume":"90","author":"Kilburn","year":"1994","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib219","first-page":"85","article-title":"Inter-tidal Diptera of southwestern Africa (Chironomidae, Canacidae, Chloropidae, Milichiidae, Tethinidae, Ephydridae, Sphaeroceridae, Coelopidae, Sarcophagidae and Anthomyiidae)","volume":"17","author":"Kirk-Spriggs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cimbebasia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094774","article-title":"The \u201cnaked coral\u201d hypothesis revisited\u2013evidence for and against scleractinian monophyly","volume":"9","author":"Kitahara","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.24.110193.001201","article-title":"Sibling species in the sea","volume":"24","author":"Knowlton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003933603879","article-title":"Molecular genetic analyses of species boundaries in the sea","volume":"420","author":"Knowlton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3390\/d16040196","article-title":"DNA barcoding for species identification of moss-dwelling invertebrates: performance of nanopore sequencing and coverage in reference database","volume":"16","author":"Koblm\u00fcller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/14772011003603556","article-title":"The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids","volume":"8","author":"Kroh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Syst. Palaeontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib225","unstructured":"Kroh, A., Mooi, R., 2025. World Echinoidea Database. Accessed at: https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/echinoidea\/ on 28\u201305-2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib226","series-title":"Taxonomy, Systematics and Biogeography of South African Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia","author":"Laird","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3897\/afrinvertebr.57.8459","article-title":"Additions to the South African sea anemone (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) fauna, with expanded distributional ranges for known species","volume":"57","author":"Laird","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. Invertebrates"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/jcbiol\/ruy084","article-title":"DNA barcoding as a tool to facilitate the taxonomy of hermit crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea)","volume":"38","author":"Landschoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Crustacean Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4314\/wiojms.v21i1.5","article-title":"Additions to the marine decapod (Crustacea: Decapoda) fauna of South Africa","volume":"21","author":"Landschoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"West. Indian. Ocean. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib230","unstructured":"Landschoff, J., 2018. Contribution to the taxonomy of South African hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguroidea) integrating micro CT scanning and barcoding. PhD thesis, Department of Biological Sciences. University of Cape Town."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2014.894943","article-title":"Large-scale spatial patterns within soft-bottom epibenthic invertebrate assemblages along the west coast of South Africa, based on the Nansen trawl survey","volume":"36","author":"Lange","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5627.2.6","article-title":"Exploration of the Iziko South African Museum\u2019s polychaete collection and description of new species of Spaghetti worms (Annelida, Terebelliformia), part one","volume":"5627","author":"Lavesque","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5759.4.3","article-title":"Exploration of the Iziko South African Museum\u2019s polychaete collection and description of new species of Spaghetti worms (Annelida, Terebelliformia), part two","volume":"5759","author":"Lavesque","year":"2026","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-019-0833-2","article-title":"The genome of the jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica and the evolution of the cnidarian life-cycle","volume":"3","author":"Lecl\u00e8re","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib235","first-page":"251","article-title":"Larves de C\u00e9rianthaires","volume":"33","author":"Leloup","year":"1964","journal-title":"Discovery Rep."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib236","article-title":"DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of standardized samples reveal patterns of marine benthic diversity","volume":"112","author":"Leray","year":"2015","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.70237","article-title":"Congregation of cusk\u2010eels (Genypterus chilensis, Ophidiiformes) at a deep\u2010sea methane seep off Chile","volume":"106","author":"Levin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/S002531540800009X","article-title":"A new species of Marphysa (Eunicidae) from the western Cape of South Africa","volume":"88","author":"Lewis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12657\/folmal.028.025","article-title":"Redescriptions of two species of Sepia (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) from South African waters: Sepia robsoni (Massy, 1927) and S. faurei Roeleveld, 1972","volume":"28","author":"Lipi\u0144ski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Folia Malacologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.12657\/folmal.028.013","article-title":"Two new species of Sepia Linnaeus, 1758 (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) from South African waters","volume":"28","author":"Lipi\u0144ski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Folia Malacologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12657\/folmal.026.014","article-title":"A new species of Sepia (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) from South African waters with a re-description of Sepia dubia Adam et Rees, 1966","volume":"26","author":"Lipi\u0144ski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Folia Malacologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib242","unstructured":"Lombard, A.T., Strauss, T., Harris, J., Sink, K., Attwood, C., Hutchings, L., 2004. South African National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment 2004: Technical Report, Volume 4: Marine Component. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57054-5_7","article-title":"Bryozoans: the \u2018forgotten\u2019 bioconstructors","author":"Lombardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Perspect. Mar. Anim. For. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib244","series-title":"Public Institutional Practices: Building a Democratic Adaptive State in South Africa","first-page":"151","article-title":"Saving our seas: marine protected areas. Chapter 9","author":"Lukey","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-023-04195-3","article-title":"Cuttlefishes (Cephalopoda, Sepiidae): The bare bones - a hypothesis of relationships","volume":"170","author":"Lup\u0161e","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib246","series-title":"The Agulhas Current","author":"Lutjeharms","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3391\/bir.2015.4.4.05","article-title":"The Chilean black urchin, Tetrapygus niger (Molina, 1782) in South Africa: Gone but not forgotten","volume":"4","author":"Mabin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioInvasions Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib248","series-title":"The Tramp Coral, Stylophora Pistillata, in the Southwest Indian Ocean: Ecomorph or Speciation?","author":"MacDonald","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-010-1585-3","article-title":"Acropora austera connectivity in the southwestern Indian Ocean assessed using nuclear intron sequence data","volume":"158","author":"MacDonald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2016.1146631","article-title":"Local habitat drivers of macrobenthos in the northern, central and southern KwaZulu-Natal Bight, South Africa","volume":"38","author":"MacKay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib251","article-title":"Macrobenthos used to validate multicriteria derived marine biodiversity spatial zones in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Master of Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban","author":"Maduna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oceanogr.\u00a0Res. Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2010.00659.x","article-title":"Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata)","volume":"161","author":"Mah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zool. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mah, C.L., 2020. New Species, Occurrence Records and Observations of Predation by Deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer.","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4766.2.1"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib254","unstructured":"Mah, C.L., 2026. World Asteroidea Database. Accessed at https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/asteroidea on 24\u201305-2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14284\/653."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.4102\/koedoe.v56i1.1206","article-title":"Rocky shores of a major southern African protected area are almost free from intertidal invertebrate alien species","volume":"56","author":"Malherbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Koedoe"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1163\/156854065X00037","article-title":"Stomatopoda from the collection of his majesty the emperor of Japan","author":"Manning","year":"1965","journal-title":"Crustaceana"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2026.119940","article-title":"Field-based assessment of selected pharmaceuticals, pesticides and sediment metals using macrofauna and nematode communities in False Bay, South Africa","volume":"231","author":"Mazeka","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib258","unstructured":"Mazeka, B., 2025. Biodiversity patterns of free-living marine nematodes as indicators of natural and anthropogenic change in False Bay, South Africa. PhD thesis, University of Cape Town."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98790-7","article-title":"Biodiversity and biogeography of zooxanthellate soft corals across the Indo-Pacific","volume":"15","author":"McFadden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2006.06.010","article-title":"A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial protein-coding sequences","volume":"41","author":"McFadden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenics Evol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syaa103","article-title":"Phylogenomics, origin and diversification of anthozoans (Phylum Cnidaria)","volume":"70","author":"McFadden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib262","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revisionary systematics of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) guided by phylogenomics","volume":"1","author":"McFadden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Syst. Biologists"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-011-0016-9","article-title":"Revealing the scale of marine bioinvasions in developing regions: a South African reassessment","volume":"13","author":"Mead","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"issue":"39-40","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1080\/00222933.2011.595836","article-title":"Introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine species of South Africa","volume":"45","author":"Mead","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nat. History"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9096","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602444103","article-title":"Naked corals: skeleton loss in Scleractinia","volume":"103","author":"Medina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib266","series-title":"Echinodermata","first-page":"185","article-title":"Submersible observations of deep-water crinoid assemblages in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean","author":"Messing","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib267","series-title":"South Atlantic Zooplankton","first-page":"561","article-title":"Ctenophora","author":"Mianzan","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib268","first-page":"181","article-title":"Die stolidobranhiaten ascidien der deutschen Tiefsee Expedition","volume":"7","author":"Michaelsen","year":"1904","journal-title":"Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib269","first-page":"69","article-title":"Die Krikobranchien Ascidien des Westlichen Indischen Ozeans: Claveliniden und Synoiciden","volume":"367","author":"Michaelsen","year":"1919","journal-title":"Jahrb. der Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, Hambg"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00359193409519335","article-title":"The ascidians of the Cape Province of South Africa","volume":"22","author":"Michaelsen","year":"1934","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. South. Afr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/00222935408651705","article-title":"Pseudodistoma africanum sp.n., a new compound ascidian from South Africa","volume":"12","author":"Millar","year":"1954","journal-title":"Ann. Mag. Nat. History"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1955.tb00597.x","article-title":"On a collection of ascidians from South Africa","volume":"125","author":"Millar","year":"1955","journal-title":"Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib273","first-page":"113","article-title":"Further descriptions of South African ascidians","volume":"46","author":"Millar","year":"1962","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib274","first-page":"159","article-title":"South African ascidians collected by Th. Mortensen, with some additional material. Vidensk-Medd. dansk naturh. Forhandlinger","volume":"127","author":"Millar","year":"1964","journal-title":"Kj\u00f8benhavn (Cph.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib275","first-page":"1","article-title":"Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa","volume":"68","author":"Millard","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2017.02.014","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of extant Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)","volume":"111","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenetics Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib277","article-title":"Swimming Sea Cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): A survey, with analysis of swimming behavior in four bathyal species","volume":"35","author":"Miller","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib278","unstructured":"Mills, C.E. Internet (1998-present). Phylum Ctenophora: list of all valid species names. Electronic internet document. Ctenophora. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org 13-04-2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib279","first-page":"61","article-title":"Additions and revisions to the amphipod (Crustacea: Amphipoda) fauna of South Africa, with a list of currently known species from the region","volume":"9","author":"Milne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. Nat. History"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199609","article-title":"Instances of erroneous DNA barcoding of metazoan invertebrates: Are universal cox1 gene primers too \u201cuniversal\u201d?","volume":"13","author":"Mioduchowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4189.1.8","article-title":"A new genus and a new species in the sea cucumber subfamily Colochirinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) in the Mediterranean Sea","volume":"4189","author":"Mjobo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib282","unstructured":"Mjobo, S., 2015. A re-appraisal of the holothuroid genera Pseudocnus Panning, 1949 and Pseudocnella Thandar, 1987 based on morphological and, for the latter, also molecular evidence (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae). MSc. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib283","series-title":"Handbook of Zoology: Nematoda","first-page":"109","article-title":"Ecology of free-living marine nematodes","author":"Moens","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib284","unstructured":"MolluscaBase eds, 2026. MolluscaBase. Accessed at https:\/\/www.molluscabase.org on 2026\u201304-14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14284\/448."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib285","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new species of shallow-water cerianthid (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from South Africa, with remarks on the genus Ceriantheopsis","volume":"7","author":"Molodtsova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. Nat. History"},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib286","first-page":"339","article-title":"Pink spot: a serious threat to scleractinian corals (Porites spp.) in Andaman archipelago","volume":"52","author":"Mondal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian. J. Geo-Marine Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-018-1300-4","article-title":"A phylogenomic resolution of the sea urchin tree of life","volume":"18","author":"Mongiardino Koch","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Evolut. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.72460","article-title":"Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re-evaluation of their fossil record","volume":"11","author":"Mongiardino Koch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib289","first-page":"1","article-title":"South African Ascidians","volume":"108","author":"Monniot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.4238\/2014.February.27.9","article-title":"Cross-amplification and characterization of microsatellite loci in Acropora austera from the south-western Indian Ocean","volume":"13","author":"Montoya-Maya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-016-2939-2","article-title":"Limited ecologically relevant genetic connectivity in the south-east African coral populations calls for reef-level management","volume":"163","author":"Montoya-Maya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001127","article-title":"How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?","volume":"9","author":"Mora","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2010.05.011","article-title":"The use of nematodes in assessing ecological quality status in the Mediterranean coastal ecosystems","volume":"11","author":"Moreno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib294","unstructured":"Mortensen, T., 1933. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen\u2019s Pacific Expedition 1914\u201316. LXV. Echinoderms of South Africa. (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 93. Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening: Copenhagen. 485 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib295","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predatory marine bivalves: a review","volume":"84","author":"Morton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5733\/afin.052.0203","article-title":"Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal museum: Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda","volume":"52","author":"Muratov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. Invertebrates"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2024.102499","article-title":"Responses of nematodes to oil contamination in a mangrove sediment: a microcosm study","volume":"199","author":"Naidoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019627","article-title":"Global biodiversity and phylogenetic evaluation of remipedia (Crustacea)","volume":"6","author":"Neiber","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.5733\/afin.053.0210","article-title":"Diversity of bivalve molluscs in the St Lucia Estuary, with an annotated and illustrated checklist","volume":"53","author":"Nel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. Invertebrates"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1080\/14772000.2021.1915896","article-title":"Hundreds of new DNA barcodes for South African sponges","volume":"19","author":"Ngwakum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Biodivers"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00359195709519012","article-title":"Some South African Bryozoa","volume":"35","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"1957","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. South. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1935.tb00070.x","article-title":"A collection of Bryozoa from South Africa","volume":"39","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"1935","journal-title":"J. Linn. Society, Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib303","first-page":"12","article-title":"Notes on South African Bryozoa","volume":"117","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"1937","journal-title":"Zoologischer Anz."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib304","first-page":"407","article-title":"Additional notes on Bryozoa from South Africa","volume":"10","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"1944","journal-title":"Ann. Natal. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib305","unstructured":"O\u2019Donoghue, C.H., 1924. The Bryozoa (Polyzoa) collected by the S.S. \u201cPickle.\u201d Report No. 3 of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey for the year 1922. Special Reports, 10, pp. 1\u201363."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09307-1","article-title":"Spatiotemporal faunal connectivity across global sea floors","volume":"645","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbn094","article-title":"Invasion dynamics of the alien ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and its impact on anchovy collapse in the Black Sea","volume":"30","author":"Oguz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib308","series-title":"Field Guide to the Brittle and Basket Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of South Africa. CEBios","author":"Olbers","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.17159\/2305-7963\/2015\/v11n1a3","article-title":"New or notable records of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from South Africa","volume":"11","author":"Olbers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr. Nat. History"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib310","unstructured":"Olbers, J.M., 2016. Taxonomy, biodiversity and biogeography of the brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of South Africa. PhD thesis, University of Cape Town. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11427\/22906."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17159\/2305-7963\/2016\/v12n1a1","article-title":"A new species of Taylorius (Bryozoa: Escharinidae) from the east coast of South Africa","volume":"12","author":"Oliver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. Nat. History"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-023-04205-4","article-title":"Extending deep-sea benthic biodiversity inventories with environmental DNA metabarcoding","volume":"170","author":"Oosthuizen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-019-1563-4","article-title":"A genome-skimmed phylogeny of a widespread bryozoan family, Adeonidae","volume":"19","author":"Orr","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Evolut. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-7-16","article-title":"The integrative future of taxonomy","volume":"7","author":"Padial","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Zool."},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib315","first-page":"1","article-title":"Planktonic cnidarians of the Benguela current","volume":"56","author":"Pag\u00e8s","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sci. Marina"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1086\/282400","article-title":"Food web complexity and species diversity","volume":"100","author":"Paine","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. Naturalist"},{"issue":"929","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1086\/282586","article-title":"A note on trophic complexity and community stability","volume":"103","author":"Paine","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. Naturalist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.2307\/1936888","article-title":"The Pisaster\u2010Tegula interaction: prey patches, predator food preference, and intertidal community structure","volume":"50","author":"Paine","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib319","series-title":"The Biology of Ascidians","article-title":"Ascidians of South Africa: a historical perspective","author":"Parker-Nance","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.874.32268","article-title":"New species in the sponge genus Tsitsikamma (Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae) from South Africa","volume":"874","author":"Parker-Nance","year":"2019","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib321","unstructured":"Parker-Nance, S., 2003. Aplousobranch ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from southern Africa. Doctoral dissertation, PhD thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth, South Africa."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102943","article-title":"Cambrian comb jellies from Utah illuminate the early evolution of nervous and sensory systems in ctenophores","volume":"24","author":"Parry","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib323","first-page":"1","article-title":"The cushion\u2013star Parvulastra exigua in South Africa: one species or more?","volume":"524","author":"Payne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zookeys 30"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14772000.2024.2346829","article-title":"The first hermit crab-associated sponge from South Africa, Suberites ambulodomus sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Suberitida, Suberitidae), and its relationship with the hermit crab Pagurus liochele","volume":"22","author":"Payne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Syst. Biodivers."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5764.1.1","article-title":"New and little-known heteroscleromorph Demospongiae from the continental shelf in the Amathole region (Eastern Cape, South Africa), with a note on the sponge biodiversity of the area","volume":"5764","author":"Payne","year":"2026","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib326","unstructured":"Payne, R.P., 2022. Heteroscleromorph demosponge taxonomy and diversity of the Amathole region (Eastern Cape, South Africa). PhD Thesis, University of the Western Cape, South Africa."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.77","article-title":"The impact of intragenomic rRNA variation on metabarcoding-derived diversity estimates: a case study from marine nematodes","volume":"2","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. DNA"},{"issue":"199","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2022.0673","article-title":"Echinoid skeleton: an insight on the species-specific pattern of the Paracentrotus lividus plate and its microstructural variability","volume":"20","author":"Perricone","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib329","first-page":"32","article-title":"A synthesis of three decades of socio-ecological change in False Bay, South Africa: Setting the scene for multidisciplinary research and management","volume":"7","author":"Pfaff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elementa: Sci. Anthropocene"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17159\/2254-8854\/2024\/a19290","article-title":"DNA barcoding of alien invertebrates and biological control agents in South Africa: a review","author":"Pitcher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Afr. Entomology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072683","article-title":"Jellyfish body plans provide allometric advantages beyond low carbon content","volume":"8","author":"Pitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05403.x","article-title":"Who is eating what: diet assessment using next generation sequencing","volume":"21","author":"Pompanon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib333","series-title":"Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Ponder","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib334","series-title":"Marine Decapod Crustacea: A Guide to Families and Genera of the World","author":"Poore","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200177","article-title":"Over 2.5 million COI sequences in GenBank and growing","volume":"13","author":"Porter","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14478","article-title":"Scaling up: a guide to high-throughput genomic approaches for biodiversity analysis","volume":"27","author":"Porter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2021.1960890","article-title":"South African marine citizen science\u2013benefits, challenges and future directions","volume":"43","author":"Potts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/zoj.12333","article-title":"First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species","volume":"176","author":"Prantoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zool. J. Linn. Soc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.2002.00772.x","article-title":"Diversity and biogeography of southern African intertidal Acari","volume":"29","author":"Proche\u015f","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108899","article-title":"Coastal ecosystem services in South Africa\u2019s largest natural bay: The role of marine benthic filter feeders in mitigating pollution","volume":"139","author":"Puccinelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib341","first-page":"367","article-title":"Ecological roles of exploited sea cucumbers","volume":"54","author":"Purcell","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.11254","article-title":"Skimming genomes for systematics and DNA barcodes of corals","volume":"14","author":"Quattrini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4778.3.1","article-title":"There are three species of Chrysaora (Scyphozoa: Discomedusae) in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem, not two","volume":"4778","author":"Ras","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib344","article-title":"The tables have turned: taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of the Acropora hyacinthus (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) complex","volume":"39","author":"Rassmussen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invertebr.\u00a0Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066213","article-title":"A DNA-based registry for all animal species: the barcode index number (BIN) system","volume":"8","author":"Ratnasingham","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3581-0_26","article-title":"BOLD v4: a centralized bioinformatics platform for DNA-based biodiversity data","volume":"2744","author":"Ratnasingham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2024.2418573","article-title":"Strengthening the DNA barcode reference library for marine copepods in South Africa","author":"Rawoot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib348","series-title":"Deep-Sea Biodiversity: Pattern and Scale","author":"Rex","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib349","first-page":"404","article-title":"Hermatypic coral fauna of subtropical southeast Africa: a checklist","volume":"50","author":"Riegl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pac. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib350","first-page":"676","article-title":"Structure of Africa\u2019s southernmost coral communities","volume":"56","author":"Riegl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2026.03.004","article-title":"Marine conservation: linking taxonomy, red listing, and public engagement","author":"Riehl","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. & Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/14772000.2014.968233","article-title":"Possible synonymies of Zoanthus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) species on the east coast of South Africa with Pacific congeners","volume":"13","author":"Risi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Biodivers"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5204","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810875106","article-title":"Extreme longevity in proteinaceous deep-sea corals","volume":"106","author":"Roark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA."},{"issue":"5773","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1119861","article-title":"Reefs of the deep: the biology and geology of cold-water coral ecosystems","volume":"312","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2989\/18142320509504088","article-title":"Marine alien species of South Africa \u2014 status and impacts","volume":"27","author":"Robinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib356","article-title":"Coastal invasions: the South African context","volume":"14","author":"Robinson","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib357","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bioactive compounds from zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): a brief review with emphasis on alkaloids","volume":"3","author":"Rocha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Biochem. Bioinforma"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib358","first-page":"193","article-title":"A review of the Sepiidae (Cephalopoda) of southern Africa","volume":"59","author":"Roeleveld","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. South. Afr. Mus."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2989\/025776198784126296","article-title":"The status and importance of cephalopod systematics in southern Africa","volume":"20","author":"Roeleveld","year":"1998","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-011-3819-9","article-title":"On the evolutionary ecology of symbioses between chemosynthetic bacteria and bivalves","volume":"94","author":"Roeselers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol.\u00a0Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2018.06.001","article-title":"The biology of seamounts: 25 years on","volume":"79","author":"Rogers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1224471","article-title":"Accelerating ocean species discovery and laying the foundations for the future of marine biodiversity research and monitoring","volume":"10","author":"Rogers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib363","first-page":"651","article-title":"Photoperiodic activity pattern in the brittle star Amphiura filiformis","volume":"145","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s44185-023-00033-3","article-title":"Detecting kelp-forest associated metazoan biodiversity with eDNA metabarcoding","volume":"3","author":"Rossouw","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib365","series-title":"Annelida","first-page":"432","author":"Rouse","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3986.3.4","article-title":"Size-defined morphotypes in Zoanthus (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) populations on shores in KwaZulu-Natal,\u00a0South Africa","volume":"3986","author":"Ryland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1071\/IS02008","article-title":"Revision of methods for separating species of Protopalythoa (Hexacorallia: Zoanthidea) in the tropical West Pacific","volume":"17","author":"Ryland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invertebr.\u00a0Syst."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2006.03.001","article-title":"User-friendly guide for using benthic ecological indicators in coastal and marine quality assessment","volume":"49","author":"Salas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ocean. & Coast. Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5864.1.1","article-title":"Biodiversity\u00a0\u201chotspots\u201d, patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: a comparative approach","volume":"1358","author":"Samaai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315426101118","article-title":"A century later: discovery of a second Podospongia species offshore from the Table Mountain National Park MPA, South Africa","volume":"106","author":"Samaai","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib371","first-page":"1","article-title":"Demospongiae taxonomy and biodiversity of the Benguela region on the west coast of South Africa","volume":"1","author":"Samaai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr. Nat. History"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526-010-0046-z","article-title":"Sponge richness along a bathymetric gradient within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa","volume":"40","author":"Samaai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.725.1.1","article-title":"Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertae sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species","volume":"725","author":"Samaai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3395.1.3","article-title":"New species of Latrunculia from the Agulhas shelf, South Africa, with designation of a type species for subgenus Biannulata (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae","volume":"3395","author":"Samaai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib375","first-page":"1","article-title":"New records of marine sponges (Porifera) from intertidal rocky shores in South Africa","volume":"680","author":"Samaai","year":"2017","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4896.3.4","article-title":"New Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Agulhas ecoregion of temperate southern Africa","volume":"4896","author":"Samaai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib377","series-title":"2002. Systema Porifera \u2013 A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (2 Volumes)","first-page":"708","article-title":"Family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922","author":"Samaai","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4254.1.3","article-title":"A new species of habitat\u2013forming Suberites (Porifera, Demospongiae, Suberitida) in the Benguela upwelling region (South Africa)","volume":"4254","author":"Samaai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib379","series-title":"Field Guide to the Offshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa","first-page":"249","article-title":"Phylum porifera","author":"Samaai","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315426101027","article-title":"Revealing hidden diversity: new Latrunculia and Iophon species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the continental shelf of the Namaqua ecoregion (Benguela ecosystem), along with a range extension of Latrunculia (Aciculatrunculia) biformis","volume":"106","author":"Samaai","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4587.1.1","article-title":"Shallow-water Demospongiae (Porifera) from Sodwana Bay, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa","volume":"4587","author":"Samaai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14388","article-title":"Confirmation of the southern African distribution of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) in the context of its global dispersal","volume":"10","author":"Samaai","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib383","unstructured":"Sasikumar, G., Sajikumar, K.K., Jasmin, F., Kavitha, M., Gomathi, P., Bhendekar, S.N., et al., 2022. Taxonomy of cephalopods. In: ICAR-CMFRI -Winter School on Recent Development in Taxonomic Techniques of Marine Fishes for Conservation and Sustainable Fisheries Management. ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, pp. 480\u2013488."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1017\/S002531541600093X","article-title":"And then there was one: Polydora uncinata and Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae), the problematic polydorid pest species represent a single species","volume":"97","author":"Sato-Okoshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2006.00603.x","article-title":"Environmental and ontogenetic constraints on developmental stability in the spatangoid sea urchin Echinocardium (Echinoidea)","volume":"88","author":"Saucede","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib386","first-page":"1","article-title":"A synthesis of KwaZulu-Natal coral reef research","volume":"5","author":"Schleyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"South. Afr. Assoc. Mar. Biol. Research, Durban. Spec. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib387","first-page":"387","article-title":"Biodiversity on the marginal coral reefs of South Africa: what does the future hold?","volume":"345","author":"Schleyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zoologische Verhandelingen"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2018.09.001","article-title":"Drivers of soft and stony coral community distribution on the high-latitude coral reefs of South Africa","volume":"80","author":"Schleyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib389","article-title":"World hydrozoa database","author":"Schuchert","year":"2025","journal-title":"Accessed Through: World Register Mar. Species at"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526-017-0745-9","article-title":"Assessment of ecological quality status along the Apulian coasts (eastern Mediterranean Sea) based on meiobenthic and nematode assemblages","volume":"48","author":"Semprucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib391","first-page":"105","article-title":"The Benguela ecosystem. Part I: evolution of the Benguela physical features and processes","volume":"23","author":"Shannon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Oceanogr.\u00a0Mar. Biol.: An. Annu. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib392","unstructured":"Shenkar, N., Gittenberger, A., Lambert, G., Rius, M., Moreira da Rocha, R., Swalla, B.J., et al., 2025. Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1839 Accessed on 18 May 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib393","series-title":"Biodiversity and biogeography of South African Sea Pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea): Their Representation in South African Marine Protected Areas and Ecosystem Types","first-page":"1","author":"Shibe","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib394","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS)","article-title":"Cnidaria (Coelenterates)","author":"Shostak","year":"2001"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1071\/IS10028","article-title":"Evolution in the deep sea: a combined analysis of the earliest diverging living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida)","volume":"24","author":"Sigwart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invertebr.\u00a0Syst"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1021\/np300580z","article-title":"Antimicrobial rubrolides from a South African species of Synoicum tunicate","volume":"75","author":"Sikorska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nat. Products"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.03.002","article-title":"Marine Annelida diversity and taxonomic knowledge in South Africa: a critical review","volume":"103","author":"Simon","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2022.2041094","article-title":"Revisiting A monograph on the Polychaeta of southern Africa: establishing taxonomic research priorities in southern Africa","volume":"44","author":"Simon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526-017-0751-y","article-title":"Hidden diversity within the cosmopolitan species Pseudopolydora antennata (Clapar\u00e8de, 1869)(Spionidae: Annelida)","volume":"49","author":"Simon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Biodivers."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.05.022","article-title":"Genetic similarity between Boccardia proboscidea from Western North America and cultured abalone, Haliotis midae, in South Africa","volume":"294","author":"Simon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526-017-0842-9","article-title":"A new species of Rhynchospio (Annelida: Spionidae) in South Africa","volume":"49","author":"Simon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Biodivers."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2021.1919759","article-title":"Metabarcoding of marine zooplankton in South Africa","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2023.1108118","article-title":"Iterative mapping of marine ecosystems for spatial status assessment, prioritization, and decision support","volume":"11","author":"Sink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib404","first-page":"466","article-title":"Observations of the habitats and biodiversity of the submarine canyons at Sodwana Bay: Coelacanth research","volume":"102","author":"Sink","year":"2006","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12954","article-title":"Integrated systematic planning and adaptive stakeholder process support a 10\u2010fold increase in South Africa\u2019s marine protected area estate","volume":"16","author":"Sink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Conserv. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib406","series-title":"South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 4: Marine Realm","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib407","series-title":"National Biodiversity Assessment 2025","article-title":"Knowledge gaps, priority actions and priority areas: marine realm","author":"Sink","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib408","series-title":"National Biodiversity Assessment 2025a","article-title":"Species status: marine realm","author":"Sink","year":"2026"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.35885\/ruthenica.2023.33(2).3","article-title":"Stenosemus undatopleuralis sp. nov. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Northeast Pacific","volume":"33","author":"Sirenko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ruthenica"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib410","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beitrage zur kenntnis der fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. II. Tunicaten von S\u00fcd-Afrika","volume":"11","author":"Sluiter","year":"1898","journal-title":"Zoologische Jahrb\u00fccher, Abt. f\u00fcr Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib411","first-page":"254","article-title":"Taxonomic research in South Africa: the state of the discipline","volume":"104","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-010213-135144","article-title":"Whale-fall ecosystems: recent insights into ecology, paleoecology, and evolution","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2307\/1313538","article-title":"Getting to the bottom of marine biodiversity: sedimentary habitats: Ocean bottoms are the most widespread habitat on Earth and support high biodiversity and key ecosystem services","volume":"49","author":"Snelgrove","year":"1999","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib414","first-page":"790","article-title":"An ocean of discovery: biodiversity beyond the census of marine life","volume":"82","author":"Snelgrove","year":"2016","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4236\/oje.2019.95010","article-title":"Free-living nematodes as pollution indicator in incomati river estuary, mozambique","volume":"09","author":"Soko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open. J. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270321","article-title":"DNA barcoding echinoderms from the East Coast of South Africa. The challenge to maintain DNA data connected with taxonomy","volume":"17","author":"Sonet","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib417","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315420001216","article-title":"Morphometry of the shell in Scaphopoda (Mollusca): a tool for the discrimination of taxa","volume":"100","author":"Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U Kingd"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1033710","article-title":"New insights on the systematics of echinoids belonging to the family Spatangidae Gray, 1825 using a combined approach based on morphology, morphometry, and genetics","volume":"10","author":"Stara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib419","first-page":"245","article-title":"The South African intertidal zone and its relation to ocean currents: notes on the intertidal sipunculids of Cape Province and Natal","volume":"10","author":"Stephen","year":"1942","journal-title":"Ann. Natal. Mus."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/00359196909519079","article-title":"On a collection of Sipuncula, Echiura, and Priapulida from South African waters","volume":"38","author":"Stephen","year":"1969","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. South. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1939.tb01691.x","article-title":"The constitution of the intertidal fauna and flora of South Africa, Part I","volume":"40","author":"Stephenson","year":"1939","journal-title":"J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib422","first-page":"261","article-title":"The constitution of the intertidal fauna and flora of South Africa. Part 2","volume":"10","author":"Stephenson","year":"1944","journal-title":"Ann. Natal. Mus."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3391\/bir.2025.14.2.11","article-title":"First record of the marine bryozoan Membranipora membranacea (Linnaeus, 1767) in South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Steyn","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioInvasions Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3800\/pbr.15.1","article-title":"Ernst Haeckel\u2019s mysterious species, Part I: the validity of Carybdea murrayana Haeckel, 1880 (Cubomedusae) and revisional notes on Haeckel\u2019s other Carybdeidae","volume":"15","author":"Straehler-Pohl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plankton Benthos Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13730","article-title":"Complete mitochondrial genomes of four deep-sea echinoids: conserved mitogenome organization and new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of Echinoidea","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2012.05470.x","article-title":"Towards next-generation biodiversity assessment using DNA metabarcoding","volume":"21","author":"Taberlet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950170411","article-title":"The cnidarian cnidocyte, a hightech cellular weaponry","volume":"17","author":"Tardent","year":"1995","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib428","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/pala.12170","article-title":"Phylogeny and diversification of bryozoans","volume":"58","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib429","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of marine phylogeography in southern Africa","volume":"107","author":"Teske","year":"2011","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-009-1168-3","article-title":"A tropical\/subtropical biogeographic disjunction in southeastern Africa separates two evolutionarily significant units of an estuarine prawn","volume":"156","author":"Teske","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib431","first-page":"341","article-title":"Biodiversity and distribution of southern African sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)","author":"Thandar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib432","first-page":"352","article-title":"A taxonomic monograph of the sea cucumbers of southern Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)","author":"Thandar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Suricata 9 South. Afr. Natl Biodivers. Institute. Pretoria"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib433","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2989\/18142320509504073","article-title":"Common epi-pelagic siphonophores of the Agulhas Current","volume":"27","author":"Thibault-Botha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib434","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-11-3941-2014","article-title":"Ecosystem function and services provided by the deep sea","volume":"11","author":"Thurber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s13127-023-00611-0","article-title":"A Spanish dancer? No! A troupe of dancers: a review of the family Hexabranchidae Bergh, 1891 (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia)","volume":"23","author":"Tibiri\u00e7\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Org. Diversity & Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib436","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13127-025-00694-x","article-title":"An African royal flush: five crowned nudibranch species (Nudibranchia: Polyceridae) recovered from temperate southern Africa using integrative taxonomy","author":"Toms","year":"2026","journal-title":"Org. Diversity & Evol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib437","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5134\/175610","article-title":"Revision of Japanese Cubomedusae","volume":"17","author":"Uchida","year":"1970","journal-title":"Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Laboratory"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib438","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2016.1144651","article-title":"Distribution and feeding modes of macrobenthos within three oceanographic feature areas of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight, South Africa","volume":"38","author":"Untiedt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib439","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.599984","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships within Chrysogorgia (Alcyonacea: Octocorallia), a morphologically diverse genus of octocoral, revealed using a target enrichment approach","volume":"7","author":"Untiedt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib440","first-page":"281","article-title":"A new species of Austrobdella (Annelida: Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) from South Africa","volume":"45","author":"Utevsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Afr. Invertebrates"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib441","first-page":"41","article-title":"A new genus and species of marine fish leech (Annelida: Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) from South Africa","volume":"48","author":"Utevsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr. Invertebrates"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib442","unstructured":"V. Venkatesan K. S. Mohamed Cephalopod classification and taxonomy [Teaching resource]. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute. CMFRI Digital Repository 2015.http:\/\/eprints.cmfri.org.in\/id\/eprint\/10414."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.1207.124517","article-title":"Bivalves of superfamily Galeommatoidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from western South Africa, with observations on commensal relationships and habitats","volume":"1207","author":"Valentich-Scott","year":"2024","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib444","series-title":"Nematology in South Africa: A Review from the 21st Century","first-page":"33","article-title":"Nematode morphology and classification","author":"van den Berg","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.481.8188","article-title":"A pioneer survey and DNA barcoding of some commonly found gastropod molluscs on Robben Island","volume":"481","author":"van der Bank","year":"2015","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib446","article-title":"Exploring South Africa\u2019s hidden marine parasite diversity: two new marine Ergasilus species (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Ergasilidae) from the Evileye blaasop, Amblyrhynchote honckenii (Bloch)","volume":"151","author":"Van Der Spuy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/15627020.2024.2437168","article-title":"Lumbrineris magalhaensis Kinberg, 1865 (Annelida: Lumbrineridae) revealed as two indigenous species in South Africa","volume":"60","author":"van Niekerk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Afr. Zool"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib448","first-page":"1","article-title":"Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean 5: Leptophyton benayahui gen. nov. & spec. nov. (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea) from deep reefs off Durban and on the KwaZulu-Natal south coast","volume":"71","author":"van Ofwegen","year":"1997","journal-title":"South. Africa. Oceanographic Res. Institute. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035105","article-title":"Global diversity of sponges (Porifera)","volume":"7","author":"Van Soest","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib450","article-title":"Biological trait composition and functional diversity of offshore benthic epifauna on the western and southern ecoregions of South Africa","volume":"226","author":"Van Stavel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3354\/meps249157","article-title":"Nematode biomass spectra as descriptors of functional changes due to human and natural impacts","volume":"249","author":"Vanaverbeke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.17159\/sajs.2016\/20150444","article-title":"DNA-based identification of aquatic invertebrates useful in the South African context?","volume":"112","author":"Venter","year":"2016","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.70283","article-title":"Assessment of the Biogeography and Molecular Phylogenetics of Sea Cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in South Africa","volume":"53","author":"Victorino","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbn088","article-title":"The invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi overwinters in high abundances in the subarctic Baltic Sea","volume":"30","author":"Viitasalo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526-021-01244-2","article-title":"Systematic review of Neanthes Kinberg, 1865 (Annelida: Errantia: Nereididae) from southern Africa, including a preliminary molecular phylogeny of the genus","volume":"52","author":"Villalobos-Guerrero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib456","series-title":"Nematology in South Africa: A Review from the 21st Century","first-page":"495","article-title":"Marine and estuarine nematodes in South Africa","author":"Vosloo","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib457","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60794-0","article-title":"The global significance of scleractinian corals without photoendosymbiosis","volume":"14","author":"Vuleta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib458","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394282-1.00002-8","article-title":"The biology and ecology of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia)","volume":"63","author":"Wagner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib459","series-title":"Free Living Marine Nematodes Part III Monhysterida. Synopses of the British Fauna no.53","author":"Warwick","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4314\/wiojms.v21i2.4","article-title":"Free-living marine nematode communities in a Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) forest at Mida Creek, Kenya","volume":"21","author":"Waweru","year":"2022","journal-title":"West. Indian. Ocean. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib461","first-page":"600","article-title":"Contribution to the knowledge of the stony corals from the SeychelIes and eastern Africa","volume":"94","author":"Wijsman-Best","year":"1980","journal-title":"Rev. de. Zoologie Africaine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib462","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1992.tb00869.x","article-title":"Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa","volume":"46","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00929.x","article-title":"Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea): illustrated key and synopses","volume":"113","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zool. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib464","article-title":"Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib465","first-page":"65","article-title":"Two new genera of soft corals (Anthozoa: Alcyoniidae) from South Africa, with a discussion of diversity and endemism in the southern African octocorallian fauna","volume":"52","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib466","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022747","article-title":"The global diversity of sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea)","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib467","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/15627020.2017.1313131","article-title":"Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species?","volume":"52","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr. Zool"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib468","first-page":"195","article-title":"A new species of the soft coral genus Eleutherobia P\u00fctter, 1900, (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) from South Africa","volume":"52","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-005-1592-y","article-title":"Molecular evidence for multiple lineages in the gorgonian family Plexauridae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia)","volume":"147","author":"Wirshing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"11-12","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1163\/15685403-00003364","article-title":"Description of the \u2018stargazer mysid\u2019 Mysidopsis zsilaveczi sp. nov. (Mysida, Mysidae, Leptomysinae) from the Cape Peninsula, South Africa","volume":"87","author":"Wittmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crustaceana"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.685.13890","article-title":"Three new species of Heteromysis (Mysida, Mysidae, Heteromysini) from the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, with first documentation of a mysid-cephalopod association","volume":"685","author":"Wittmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib472","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/jcbiol\/rux118","article-title":"A new species of Mysidopsis GO Sars, 1864 from the Atlantic coast of South Africa, with supplementary descriptions of two additional species and notes on colour and feeding apparatus (Mysida: Mysidae)","volume":"38","author":"Wittmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Crustacean Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib473","unstructured":"WoRMS Editorial Board, 2026. World Register of Marine Species. Available at: https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org [Accessed 9 June 2026]."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib474","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.72549","article-title":"Statistically classified marine epifaunal bioregions on the Southern Benguela Margin, South Africa","volume":"15","author":"Wozniak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol. Evolution"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1017\/jpa.2016.142","article-title":"Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata)","volume":"91","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Paleontology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib476","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2016.1222308","article-title":"Determining the correct identity of South African Marthasterias (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)","volume":"38","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib477","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605324001091","article-title":"IUCN species survival commission sponge specialist group","volume":"58","author":"Xavier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oryx"},{"issue":"7952","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05775-5","article-title":"Protomelission is an early dasyclad alga and not a Cambrian bryozoan","volume":"615","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib479","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259004","article-title":"Global biogeography of living brachiopods: bioregionalization patterns and possible controls","volume":"16","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1453","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414577112","article-title":"Sponge grade body fossil with cellular resolution dating 60 Myr before the Cambrian","volume":"112","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib481","first-page":"1","article-title":"A list of alien taxa for South Africa","volume":"56","author":"Zengeya","year":"2026","journal-title":"Afr. Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_bib482","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526-017-0815-z","article-title":"Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review","volume":"48","author":"Zeppilli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Biodivers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_fur1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2016.1163292","article-title":"Lost in translation? Standardising the terminology used in marine invasion biology and updating South African alien species lists","volume":"38","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001_fur2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57054-5_2","article-title":"The marine animal forests of South Africa: importance for bioregionalization and marine spatial planning","author":"Samaai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Perspect. Mar. Anim. For. World"}],"container-title":["Advances in Marine Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0065288126000155?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0065288126000155?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T20:03:00Z","timestamp":1790366580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0065288126000155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9780443471186"],"references-count":484,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.amb.2026.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2881","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}