{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T17:01:56Z","timestamp":1784394116456,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780443470622","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T11:21:20Z","timestamp":1777116080000},"page":"31-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Parasite-associated microbiomes: An unseen microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"McCann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne","family":"Megaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey N.","family":"Gobert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0001","first-page":"22","article-title":"Therapeutic potency of probiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites","volume":"1","author":"Ajanya","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPHD"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20204114","article-title":"Preventive role of probiotic bacteria against gastrointestinal diseases in mice caused by Giardia lamblia","volume":"41","author":"Al-Megrin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evt012","article-title":"Genome evolution and phylogenomic analysis of Candidatus Kinetoplastibacterium, the betaproteobacterial endosymbionts of Strigomonas and Angomonas'","volume":"5","author":"Alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061130","article-title":"Rodent gut bacteria coexisting with an insect gut virus in tapeworm parasitic cysts: metagenomic evidence of microbial selection in extra-intestinal clinical niches","volume":"12","author":"Ammar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030581","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica-gut microbiota interaction: more than meets the eye","volume":"9","author":"Ankri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1433716","article-title":"Biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes by bacteria and fungi: a multi-omics approach for the exploration of novel nematicides in sustainable agriculture","volume":"15","author":"Ayaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00457-25","article-title":"Endosymbiosis in trypanosomatids: the bacterium regulates the intermediate and oxidative metabolism of the host cell","volume":"10","author":"Barrinha","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01410-1","article-title":"Viruses of protozoan parasites and viral therapy: is the time now right?","volume":"17","author":"Barrow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wraf107","article-title":"Distinguishing among evolutionary and ecological processes shaping microbiome dynamics","volume":"19","author":"Batarseh","year":"2025","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.47.091201.145144","article-title":"Bacterial symbionts of the triatominae and their potential use in control of chagas disease transmission","volume":"47","author":"Beard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"issue":"116 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000084948","article-title":"Modulation of immune responses to parasitoids by polydnaviruses","author":"Beckage","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s42161-024-01808-8","article-title":"Alternatives to chemical pesticides: the role of microbial biocontrol agents in phytopathogen management: a comprehensive review","volume":"107","author":"Beyari","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Plant. Pathol."},{"issue":"1857","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0013","article-title":"Unravelling the relationship between the tsetse fly and its obligate symbiont Wigglesworthia: transcriptomic and metabolomic landscapes reveal highly integrated physiological networks'","volume":"284","author":"Bing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"5728","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108423","article-title":"Fungal pathogen reduces potential for malaria transmission","volume":"308","author":"Blanford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00089","article-title":"The plant cell wall in the feeding sites of cyst nematodes","volume":"5","author":"Bohlmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002226","article-title":"Host biology in light of the microbiome: ten principles of holobionts and hologenomes","volume":"13","author":"Bordenstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030481","article-title":"Effects of prebiotics and probiotics on honey bees (Apis mellifera) infected with the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae","volume":"9","author":"Borges","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03782.x","article-title":"Taxonomy of lice and their endosymbiotic bacteria in the post-genomic era","volume":"18","author":"Boyd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00679-22","article-title":"Microbiome \u201cinception\u201d: an intestinal cestode shapes a hierarchy of microbial communities nested within the host","volume":"13","author":"Brealey","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2262","article-title":"A complex journey: transmission of microbial symbionts","volume":"8","author":"Bright","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Micro."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0021","series-title":"Mutualism","author":"Bronstein","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3535","article-title":"Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal pathogens","volume":"13","author":"Buffie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1163\/156854100508872","article-title":"Heterorhabditis, Steinernema, and their bacterial symbionts\u2014lethal pathogens of insects","volume":"2","author":"Burnell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nematology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-021-01773-0","article-title":"Ecological contacts and host specificity promote replacement of nutritional endosymbionts in ticks","volume":"83","author":"Buysse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjae012","article-title":"Highly abundant bacteria in the gut of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) can inhibit the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae)'","volume":"61","author":"Cambronero-Heinrichs","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-025-08486-0","article-title":"Does the host matter? Testing the impact of host identity on the microbiome of a trematode parasite","volume":"124","author":"Chai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0027","series-title":"Effects of Antibiotics and Small Molecules on Wolbachia Endosymbionts of Filarial Nematodes","author":"Chappell","year":"2024"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008216","article-title":"Novel RNA viruses associated with Plasmodium vivax in human malaria and Leucocytozoon parasites in avian disease","volume":"15","author":"Charon","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0029","first-page":"313","article-title":"Review of Pasteuria penetrans: biology, ecology, and biological control potential","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nematol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00693-23","article-title":"Endosymbiont-derived metabolites are essential for tick host reproductive fitness","volume":"9","author":"Cibichakravarthy","year":"2024","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"6031","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201618","article-title":"Natural microbe-mediated refractoriness to Plasmodium infection in Anopheles gambiae","volume":"332","author":"Cirimotich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0032","series-title":"Parasitism: The Ecology and Evolution of Intimate Interactions","author":"Combes","year":"2001"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043562","article-title":"Pathogen webs in collapsing honey bee colonies","volume":"7","author":"Cornman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01456-25","article-title":"'Incorporating microbiomes into the One Health Joint Plan of Action","volume":"16","author":"Couradeau","year":"2025","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040371","article-title":"The impact of antibiotic therapy on intestinal microbiota: dysbiosis, antibiotic resistance, and restoration strategies","volume":"14","author":"Cusumano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17651","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008486107","article-title":"Multiple lateral gene transfers and duplications have promoted plant parasitism ability in nematodes","volume":"107","author":"Danchin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13356-2","article-title":"Leishmania RNA virus exacerbates Leishmaniasis by subverting innate immunity via TLR3-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition","volume":"10","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1282-9","article-title":"Towards improving tsetse fly paratransgenesis: stable colonization of Glossina morsitans morsitans with genetically modified Sodalis","volume":"18","author":"De Vooght","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004093","article-title":"Holobiont-Holobiont interactions: redefining host-parasite interactions","volume":"10","author":"Dheilly","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00017","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00050-17","article-title":"Parasite microbiome project: systematic investigation of microbiome dynamics within and across parasite-host interactions","volume":"2","author":"Dheilly","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.49.061802.123416","article-title":"The gut bacteria of insects: nonpathogenic interactions","volume":"49","author":"Dillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000423","article-title":"Implication of the mosquito midgut microbiota in the defense against malaria parasites","volume":"5","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(03)00002-9","article-title":"Transformation of Rhodococcus rhodnii, a symbiont of the chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus, with integrative elements of the L1 mycobacteriophage'","volume":"3","author":"Dotson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02099-15","article-title":"Holes in the hologenome: why host-microbe symbioses are not holobionts","volume":"7","author":"Douglas","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00550-7","article-title":"Microbial evolution and transitions along the parasite-mutualist continuum","volume":"19","author":"Drew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Micro."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.07.007","article-title":"Convergence of nutritional symbioses in obligate blood feeders","volume":"36","author":"Duron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.04.038","article-title":"Tick-bacteria mutualism depends on B vitamin synthesis pathways","volume":"28","author":"Duron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.11.003","article-title":"Contamination in low microbial biomass microbiome studies: issues and recommendations","volume":"27","author":"Eisenhofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13213-025-01825-7","article-title":"A comprehensive overview of probiotics in aquaculture: from efficacy evaluation to diverse applications","volume":"75","author":"Elsegeny","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1499228","article-title":"Probiotics and paraprobiotics in aquaculture: a sustainable strategy for enhancing fish growth, health and disease prevention-a review","volume":"11","author":"Fachri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Marine Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.01.002","article-title":"Are filarial nematode Wolbachia obligate mutualist symbionts?","volume":"19","author":"Fenn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013301","article-title":"Host environment shapes filarial parasite fitness and Wolbachia endosymbionts dynamics","volume":"21","author":"Fercoq","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1086\/491799","article-title":"Diversification of transmission modes and the evolution of mutualism","volume":"166","author":"Ferdy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1174","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001174","article-title":"Tissue and stage-specific distribution of Wolbachia in Brugia malayi","volume":"5","author":"Fischer","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09403-2","article-title":"Continuously high Wolbachia incidence in flea populations may result from dual-strain infections with divergent effects","volume":"15","author":"Flatau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.649248","article-title":"Wolbachia endosymbionts of fleas occur in all females but rarely in males and do not show evidence of obligatory relationships, fitness effects, or sex-distorting manipulations","volume":"12","author":"Flatau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7665","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23292","article-title":"The evolution of the host microbiome as an ecosystem on a leash","volume":"548","author":"Foster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(05)24003-2","article-title":"The apicoplast: a plastid in Plasmodium falciparum and other Apicomplexan parasites","volume":"224","author":"Foth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-03061-9","article-title":"Anti-trichomonad activities of different compounds from foods, marine products, and medicinal plants: a review","volume":"20","author":"Friedman","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"issue":"1540","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0245","article-title":"Symbiosis as a source of selectable epigenetic variation: taking the heat for the big guy","volume":"365","author":"Gilbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos. Trans R. Soc. Lond B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03147-24","article-title":"Ecologically expanding the one health framework to unify the microbiome sciences","volume":"16","author":"Ginnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59747-0","article-title":"Nanopore sequencing of microbial communities reveals the potential role of sea lice as a reservoir for fish pathogens","volume":"10","author":"Goncalves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012502","article-title":"Hatching of whipworm eggs induced by bacterial contact is serine-protease dependent","volume":"21","author":"Goulding","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5689","article-title":"Parasites and pollutants: effects of multiple stressors on aquatic organisms","volume":"42","author":"Grabner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.3390\/v17070898","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis virus: current insights and emerging perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Graves","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13080608","article-title":"Interaction between intestinal parasites and the gut microbiota: implications for the intestinal immune response and host defence","volume":"13","author":"Grondin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003580","article-title":"Polydnaviral ankyrin proteins aid parasitic wasp survival by coordinate and selective inhibition of hematopoietic and immune NF-kappa B signaling in insect hosts","volume":"9","author":"Gueguen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"veae040","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae040","article-title":"A parasite odyssey: an RNA virus concealed in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"10","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00099","article-title":"Leishmania RNA virus: when the host pays the toll'","volume":"2","author":"Hartley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16121-y","article-title":"A microsporidian impairs Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes","volume":"11","author":"Herren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.2.1068","article-title":"Innate immune responses to endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria in Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus are dependent on TLR2, TLR6, MyD88, and Mal, but not TLR4, TRIF, or TRAM","volume":"178","author":"Hise","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.11.012","article-title":"The helminth holobiont: a multidimensional host-parasite-microbiota interaction","volume":"39","author":"Hodzic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1816585116","article-title":"AWZ1066S, a highly specific anti-Wolbachia drug candidate for a short-course treatment of filariasis","volume":"116","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911476107","article-title":"Wolbachia as a bacteriocyte-associated nutritional mutualist","volume":"107","author":"Hosokawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002043","article-title":"Wolbachia infections are virulent and inhibit the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in Anopheles gambiae","volume":"7","author":"Hughes","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.1265-1269.2005","article-title":"Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 antagonizes Giardia intestinalis in vivo","volume":"73","author":"Humen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0077","article-title":"A paratransgenic strategy for the control of chagas disease","volume":"2012","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psyche J. Entomol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018000574","article-title":"Host-symbiont-pathogen interactions in blood-feeding parasites: nutrition, immune cross-talk and gene exchange","volume":"145","author":"Husnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.854803","article-title":"The symbiotic continuum within ticks: opportunities for disease control","volume":"13","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6018","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199326","article-title":"Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"331","author":"Ives","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6018","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199326","article-title":"Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"331","author":"Ives","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.06.004","article-title":"Anti-Wolbachia drugs for filariasis","volume":"37","author":"Johnston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-021-01774-z","article-title":"Consistency of bacterial communities in a parasitic worm: variation throughout the life cycle and across geographic space","volume":"83","author":"Jorge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00954","article-title":"Persistence of a core microbiome through the ontogeny of a multi-host parasite","volume":"11","author":"Jorge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2535-7","article-title":"Influence of midgut microbiota in Anopheles stephensi on Plasmodium berghei infections","volume":"17","author":"Kalappa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0086","series-title":"Microbial Approaches for Insect Pest Management","first-page":"217","article-title":"The symbionts","author":"Kashkouli","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0087","series-title":"Wolbachia: Methods and Protocols","first-page":"115","article-title":"Detection and analysis of Wolbachia in plant-parasitic nematodes and insights into Wolbachia evolution","author":"Kaur","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1446506","article-title":"Discovery of a novel Wolbachia in Heterodera expands nematode host distribution'","volume":"15","author":"Kaur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.38.1.423","article-title":"Rhizosphere interactions and the exploitation of microbial agents for the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes","volume":"38","author":"Kerry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14822","article-title":"Tick gut barriers impacting tick-microbe interactions and pathogen persistence","volume":"116","author":"Kitsou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005156","article-title":"Comparison of doxycycline, minocycline, doxycycline plus albendazole and albendazole alone in their efficacy against onchocerciasis in a randomized, open-label, pilot trial","volume":"11","author":"Klarmann-Schulz","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23608-9","article-title":"Gut bacteriome and metabolome of Ascaris lumbricoides in patients","volume":"12","author":"Klomkliew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0029-9","article-title":"Best practices for analysing microbiomes","volume":"16","author":"Knight","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Micro."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2007.00284.x","article-title":"Selective elimination of aphid endosymbionts: effects of antibiotic dose and host genotype, and fitness consequences","volume":"60","author":"Koga","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E811","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1619114114","article-title":"Antiviral screening identifies adenosine analogs targeting the endogenous dsRNA Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) pathogenicity factor","volume":"114","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012795","article-title":"A comprehensive review of biological and genetic control approaches for leishmaniasis vector sand flies; emphasis towards promoting tools for integrated vector management","volume":"19","author":"Kumari","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010910","article-title":"Viral endosymbiotic infection of protozoan parasites: how it influences the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"18","author":"Lafleur","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002351","article-title":"Anti-filarial activity of antibiotic therapy is due to extensive apoptosis after Wolbachia depletion from filarial nematodes","volume":"7","author":"Landmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13505","article-title":"Transmission, relatedness, and the evolution of cooperative symbionts","volume":"32","author":"Leeks","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00843","article-title":"Parasite-microbiota interactions with the vertebrate gut: synthesis through an ecological lens","volume":"9","author":"Leung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06692-4","article-title":"Giardiavirus infection alleviates growth restriction and intestinal damage caused by the intestinal parasite Giardia duodenalis","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0102","series-title":"Prospects of Fungal Biotechnologies for Livestock Volume 1: Fungal Bioengineering in Livestock Health Management","first-page":"191","article-title":"Nematophagous fungi: biocontrol of parasites and biotech advances","author":"Lily","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e422","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00397-X","article-title":"Efficacy of Wolbachia-mediated sterility to reduce the incidence of dengue: a synthetic control study in Singapore","volume":"5","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"92","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadk7913","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adk7913","article-title":"Field deployment of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti using uncrewed aerial vehicle","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s13752-019-00322-w","article-title":"Criteria for holobionts from community genetics","volume":"14","author":"Lloyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Theory"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.03.002","article-title":"Trypanosomatids are much more than just trypanosomes: clues from the expanded family tree","volume":"34","author":"Lukes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122451","article-title":"The tick microbiome: the \u201cother bacterial players\u201d in tick biocontrol","volume":"12","author":"Maldonado-Ruiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-024-01680-4","article-title":"Probiotics: an alternative anti-parasite therapy","volume":"48","author":"Mandal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manoj, R.R.S., Latrofa, M.S., Epis, S. and Otranto, D. (2021) 'Wolbachia: endosymbiont of onchocercid nematodes and their vectors', Parasit. Vectors, 14(1), p. 245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04742-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04742-1"},{"issue":"6582","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/381482a0","article-title":"Plastid in human parasites","volume":"381","author":"McFadden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis: pathogenesis, symbiont interactions, and host cell immune responses","volume":"34","author":"Mercer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01399-5","article-title":"Guts within guts: the microbiome of the intestinal helminth parasite Ascaris suum is derived but distinct from its host","volume":"10","author":"Midha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-853-9_30","article-title":"Role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of plant parasitism among nematodes","volume":"532","author":"Mitreva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.08.008","article-title":"Hatching of parasitic nematode eggs: a crucial step determining infection","volume":"38","author":"Mkandawire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030242","article-title":"The significance of probiotics in aquaculture: a review of research trend and latest scientific findings","volume":"14","author":"Mohammed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2021.1883412","article-title":"Probiotics as therapeutic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory agents against poultry coccidiosis","volume":"77","author":"Mohsin","year":"2021","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0118","series-title":"Sustainable Management of Nematodes in Agriculture, Vol 2: Role of Microbes-Assisted Strategies","first-page":"89","article-title":"Plant-parasitic nematodes and microbe interactions: a biological control perspective","author":"Mokrini","year":"2024"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002311","article-title":"The hologenome concept: helpful or hollow?","volume":"13","author":"Moran","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00990-3","article-title":"The honeybee microbiota and its impact on health and disease","volume":"22","author":"Motta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Micro."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.04.004","article-title":"Grappling with the tick microbiome","volume":"37","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.1.607-615.2003","article-title":"Bacteria associated with cysts of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines)","volume":"69","author":"Nour","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microb."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.31248\/JASVM2024.478","article-title":"Probiotics supplementation supports gut health, performance, and immune response in poultry coccidiosis","volume":"9","author":"Ogwiji","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Vet. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652014000200003","article-title":"Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis on mice infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis","volume":"56","author":"Oliveira-Sequeira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5965","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00741-08","article-title":"The obligate mutualist Wigglesworthia glossinidia influences reproduction, digestion, and immunity processes of its host, the tsetse fly","volume":"74","author":"Pais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microb."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.650313","article-title":"Use of short-chain fatty acids for the recovery of the intestinal epithelial barrier affected by bacterial toxins","volume":"12","author":"Perez-Reytor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009556","article-title":"Effectiveness of Wolbachia-infected mosquito deployments in reducing the incidence of dengue and other Aedes-borne diseases in Niteroi, Brazil: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"15","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0128","first-page":"pcaf125","article-title":"The role of soil microbiota in the control of parasitic weeds","author":"Pongpamorn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00918-x","article-title":"The cellular lives of Wolbachia","volume":"21","author":"Porter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Micro."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9051084","article-title":"Experimental infection of the Biomphalaria glabrata vector snail by Schistosoma mansoni parasites drives snail microbiota dysbiosis","volume":"9","author":"Portet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101120","article-title":"A global partnership to advance the microbiome in human, plant, animal, and planetary health","volume":"6","author":"Proctor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-022-01991-1","article-title":"Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to affect aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion","volume":"22","author":"Purkiss","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06964-z","article-title":"Microbiome diversity in mosquitoes and sand flies: implications for vector competence","volume":"18","author":"Ragini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro843","article-title":"Tropical infectious diseases: metabolic maps and functions of the Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast","volume":"2","author":"Ralph","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Micro."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0135","series-title":"Microbial Biocontrol: Molecular Perspective in Plant Disease Management","first-page":"117","article-title":"Plant nematode management using beneficial endophytic microbes","author":"Ramalakshmi","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1655\/0018-0831-76.2.167","article-title":"The amphibian skin microbiome and its protective role against chytridiomycosis","volume":"76","author":"Rebollar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006391","article-title":"Microbiota-induced peritrophic matrix regulates midgut homeostasis and prevents systemic infection of malaria vector mosquitoes","volume":"13","author":"Rodgers","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01991-x","article-title":"Microbiome testing in Europe: navigating analytical, ethical and regulatory challenges","volume":"12","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005","DOI":"10.5041\/RMMJ.10359","article-title":"The hologenome concept of evolution: medical implications","volume":"10","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rambam Maimonides Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2018.07.005","article-title":"The criminal association of Leishmania parasites and viruses","volume":"46","author":"Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-024-01783-0","article-title":"The cryptic microbiota of plant parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes: diversity, effects on host biology and potential in plant protection","volume":"97","author":"Rosso","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s13752-017-0287-1","article-title":"Holobionts as units of selection and a model of their population dynamics and evolution","volume":"13","author":"Roughgarden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X23000056","article-title":"Eco-evolutionary implications of helminth microbiomes","volume":"97","author":"Salloum","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2023.0091","article-title":"Adoption of alternative life cycles in a parasitic trematode is linked to microbiome differences","volume":"19","author":"Salloum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13060484","article-title":"Parasitic plants-potential vectors of phytopathogens","volume":"13","author":"Savov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1692582","article-title":"The gut microbiome as a major source of drug-resistant infections: emerging strategies to decolonize and target the gut reservoir","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0147","series-title":"Roles and Mechanisms of Parasitism in Aquatic Microbial Communities","author":"Sime-Ngando","year":"2015"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5219","DOI":"10.3390\/app15095219","article-title":"Microbiome-based interventions for food safety and environmental health","volume":"15","author":"Simon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Sci. (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1086\/315409","article-title":"The role of normal flora in Giardia lamblia infections in mice'","volume":"181","author":"Singer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2014.07.004","article-title":"Wolbachia endosymbionts and human disease control","volume":"195","author":"Slatko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0151","series-title":"Aquatic Parasitology: Ecological and Environmental Concepts and Implications of Marine and Freshwater Parasites","author":"Smit","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1692","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0152","first-page":"2389","article-title":"Nutrient provisioning facilitates homeostasis between tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) symbionts","volume":"277","author":"Snyder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42237-y","article-title":"Miniature spatial transcriptomics for studying parasite-endosymbiont relationships at the micro scale","volume":"14","author":"Sounart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speer, K.A., 2022. Microbiomes mediate host\u2010parasite interactions. Molecular Ecology 31 (7), 1925\u20101927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.16381.","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16381"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0156","series-title":"Diseases of Nematodes","first-page":"103","article-title":"Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes","author":"Stirling","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2024.01.002","article-title":"Snail microbiota and snail-schistosome interactions: axenic and gnotobiotic technologies","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2323\/jgam.49.141","article-title":"Isolation of new actinomycete strains for the screening of new bioactive compounds","volume":"49","author":"Takahashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s40793-025-00746-x","article-title":"Parasitic plant Cistanche tubulosa shapes the bacterial community structure and functional composition of the salt-tolerant host Tamarix chinensis across different parasitic statuses","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiome"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032905","article-title":"Distribution of bacterial endosymbionts of the Cardinium clade in plant-parasitic nematodes","volume":"24","author":"Tarlachkov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07409.x","article-title":"Wolbachia in the inflammatory pathogenesis of human filariasis","volume":"990","author":"Taylor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)60004-8","article-title":"Wolbachia. Bacterial endosymbionts of filarial nematodes","volume":"60","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00016","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00028-16","article-title":"Getting the hologenome concept right: an eco-evolutionary framework for hosts and their microbiomes","volume":"1","author":"Theis","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fiad091","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiad091","article-title":"Activity of root-knot nematodes associated with composition of a nematode-attached microbiome and the surrounding soil microbiota","volume":"99","author":"Topalovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.05.007","article-title":"Can microorganisms assist the survival and parasitism of plant-parasitic nematodes?","volume":"37","author":"Topalovi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0166","article-title":"Probiotics for the control of parasites: an overview","volume":"2011","author":"Travers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.71549","article-title":"Master of puppets: how microbiota drive the Nematoda ecology and evolution?","volume":"15","author":"Trejo-Melendez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061141","article-title":"Assessing the tsetse fly microbiome composition and the potential association of some bacteria taxa with trypanosome establishment","volume":"10","author":"Tsakeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000660","article-title":"Macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline only treatment of Onchocerca volvulus in an area of Loa loa co-endemicity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-1059-7","article-title":"A yeast strain associated to Anopheles mosquitoes produces a toxin able to kill malaria parasites","volume":"15","author":"Valzano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2282","article-title":"Assessing cat flea microbiomes in Northern and Southern California by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing","volume":"18","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu1152","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy and macrofilaricidal activity of doxycycline for the treatment of river blindness","volume":"60","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frmbi.2023.1174034","article-title":"The effects of helminth infections on the human gut microbiome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Walusimbi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiomes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_454_17","article-title":"Anti-Wolbachia therapy for onchocerciasis & lymphatic filariasis: current perspectives'","volume":"149","author":"Wan Sulaiman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0175","first-page":"219","article-title":"Paratransgenesis applications: fighting malaria with engineered mosquito symbiotic bacteria","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.3390\/applmicrobiol3040085","article-title":"Unraveling microbial endosymbiosis dynamics in plant-parasitic nematodes with a genome skimming strategy","volume":"3","author":"Wasala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jkaf061","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkaf061","article-title":"Myxozoan parasite genomes assembled from contaminated host data reveal extensive gene order conservation and rapid sequence evolution","volume":"15","author":"Weber","year":"2025","journal-title":"G3"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003318","article-title":"Trypanosome infection establishment in the tsetse fly gut is influenced by microbiome-regulated host immune barriers","volume":"9","author":"Weiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaap7399","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aap7399","article-title":"Manipulation of host and parasite microbiotas: survival strategies during chronic nematode infection","volume":"4","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-019-01385-9","article-title":"Probiotics modulate a novel amphibian skin defense peptide that is antifungal and facilitates growth of antifungal bacteria","volume":"79","author":"Woodhams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1000165","article-title":"Potential use of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) endophytic fungi as seed treatment agents against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001138","article-title":"Chemical rescue of malaria parasites lacking an apicoplast defines organelle function in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"9","author":"Yeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15070478","article-title":"The role of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in livestock and poultry gut health: a review","volume":"15","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12274","article-title":"Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and helminth parasites","volume":"38","author":"Zaiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02642-22","article-title":"Multiple regulations of parasitic protozoan viruses: a double-edged sword for Protozoa","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00123.x","article-title":"Role of microorganisms in the evolution of animals and plants: the hologenome theory of evolution","volume":"32","author":"Zilber-Rosenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Advances in Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0065308X26000011?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0065308X26000011?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T16:43:17Z","timestamp":1779813797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0065308X26000011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9780443470622"],"references-count":184,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.apar.2026.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-308X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-308X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}