{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T10:04:13Z","timestamp":1774865053554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780323899741","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T19:06:38Z","timestamp":1648321598000},"page":"65-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Is essential tremor a degenerative disorder or an electric disorder? Degenerative disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.8","article-title":"Reduced Purkinje cell number in essential tremor: A postmortem study","volume":"65","author":"Axelrad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt238","article-title":"Purkinje cell axonal anatomy: Quantifying morphometric changes in essential tremor versus control brains","volume":"136","author":"Babij","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2011.00598.x","article-title":"Decrease in cerebral and cerebellar gray matter in essential tremor: A voxel-based morphometric analysis under 3T MRI","volume":"22","author":"Bagepally","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb583","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.07.016","article-title":"Accumulation of amyloid-\u03b2 in the cerebellar cortex of essential tremor patients","volume":"82","author":"B\u00e9liveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.227","article-title":"Essential tremor: A neurodegenerative disease?","volume":"4","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (N. Y.)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.037","article-title":"Brain structural changes in essential tremor: Voxel-based morphometry at 3-Tesla","volume":"287","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-015-0741-1","article-title":"Linking essential tremor to the cerebellum: Clinical evidence","volume":"15","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12399","article-title":"Association between cortical volume loss and cognitive impairments in essential tremor","volume":"21","author":"Bhalsing","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27121","article-title":"Consensus statement on the classification of tremors from the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society","volume":"33","author":"Bhatia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.074120","article-title":"GABAergic dysfunction in essential tremor: An 11C-flumazenil PET study","volume":"51","author":"Boecker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38264-1","article-title":"Molecular layer interneurons shape the spike activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2004.03.007","article-title":"Reparative mechanisms in the cerebellar cortex","volume":"72","author":"Carulli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1544","article-title":"Cerebellar atrophy in essential tremor using an automated segmentation method","volume":"30","author":"Cerasa","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-015-0739-8","article-title":"Linking essential tremor to the cerebellum-neuroimaging evidence","volume":"15","author":"Cerasa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26490","article-title":"Purkinje cell loss in essential tremor: Random sampling quantification and nearest neighbor analysis","volume":"31","author":"Choe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1159\/000381708","article-title":"Comparison of the brain volume in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease tremor using an automated segmentation method","volume":"73","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63233-3.00015-4","article-title":"Essential tremor","volume":"147","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.3.405","article-title":"Rest tremor in patients with essential tremor: Prevalence, clinical correlates, and electrophysiologic characteristics","volume":"60","author":"Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/72.2.113","article-title":"Observations on essential (heredofamilal) tremor","volume":"72","author":"Critchley","year":"1949","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/71.4.345","article-title":"Olivoponto-cerebellar atrophy","volume":"71","author":"Critchley","year":"1948","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.05.008","article-title":"High-frequency organization and synchrony of activity in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum","volume":"58","author":"de Solages","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25819","article-title":"Increased LINGO1 in the cerebellum of essential tremor patients","volume":"29","author":"Delay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.10.009","article-title":"A brain network model explaining tremor in Parkinson's disease","volume":"85","author":"Duval","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-017-0069-3","article-title":"Gray matter density loss in essential tremor: A lobule by lobule analysis of the cerebellum","volume":"4","author":"Dyke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebellum & Ataxias"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12275","article-title":"Hypertrophic olivary degeneration does not reduce essential tremor","volume":"3","author":"Elkouzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181d1ad04","article-title":"\"Hairy baskets\" associated with degenerative Purkinje cell changes in essential tremor","volume":"69","author":"Erickson-Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly104","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of pathological tau burden in essential tremor: A postmortem study","volume":"78","author":"Farrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb587","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1984.tb00357.x","article-title":"A Golgi study of cerebellar atrophy in human chronic alcoholism","volume":"10","author":"Ferrer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01263-6","article-title":"Essential tremor versus \"ET-plus\": A detailed postmortem study of cerebellar pathology","volume":"20","author":"Gionco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.229","article-title":"The GABA hypothesis in essential tremor: Lights and shadows","volume":"4","author":"Gironell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tremor And Other Hyperkinetic Movements (N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb584","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.04.024","article-title":"Gaba and serotonin molecular neuroimaging in essential tremor: a clinical correlation study","volume":"18","author":"Gironell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25645","article-title":"Is essential tremor a Purkinjopathy? The role of the cerebellar cortex in its pathogenesis","volume":"28","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.018","article-title":"Ephaptic coupling promotes synchronous firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells","volume":"100","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28402","article-title":"Dentate nucleus neuronal density: A postmortem study of essential tremor versus control brains","volume":"36","author":"Hartstone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"Pt. 6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg132","article-title":"Eye movement abnormalities in essential tremor may indicate cerebellar dysfunction","volume":"126","author":"Helmchen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0378-8","article-title":"The pathophysiology of essential tremor and Parkinson's tremor","volume":"13","author":"Helmich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.57344","article-title":"Feed-forward recruitment of electrical synapses enhances synchronous spiking in the mouse cerebellar cortex","volume":"9","author":"Hoehne","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613489591","article-title":"The cognitive side of essential tremor: What are the therapeutic implications?","volume":"6","author":"Janicki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb582","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2010.00535.x","article-title":"A diffusion tensor imaging study in essential tremor","volume":"21","author":"Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-018-0964-z","article-title":"Multiple phases of climbing fiber synapse elimination in the developing cerebellum","volume":"17","author":"Kano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlab073","article-title":"Tau isoform profile in essential tremor diverges from other tauopathies","volume":"80","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21077","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of whitematter involvement in essential tremor","volume":"32","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.213330","article-title":"Increased number of heterotopic Purkinje cells in essential tremor","volume":"82","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0776-9","article-title":"Parallel fiber counts and parallel fiber integrated density are similar in essential tremor cases and controls","volume":"121","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24728","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation and climbing fiber synaptic pathology in essential tremor","volume":"80","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1626-1","article-title":"Climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic pathology in tremor and cerebellar degenerative diseases","volume":"133","author":"Kuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1108-7","article-title":"Lingo-1 expression is increased in essential tremor cerebellum and is present in the basket cell pinceau","volume":"125","author":"Kuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-016-0826-5","article-title":"Cerebellar pathology in early onset and late onset essential tremor","volume":"16","author":"Kuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0225","first-page":"1","article-title":"Essential tremor: A clinical and genetic population study","volume":"36","author":"Larsson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-014-0157-z","article-title":"Decreased EAAT2 protein expression in the essential tremor cerebellar cortex","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica Commununications"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.02.032","article-title":"Climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic pathology across essential tremor subtypes","volume":"51","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly114","article-title":"A quantitative study of empty baskets in essential tremor and other motor neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"78","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu281","article-title":"Abnormal climbing fibre-Purkinje cell synaptic connections in the essential tremor cerebellum","volume":"137","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.08.034","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms in essential tremor: A review of the current data and state of the field","volume":"22","author":"Louis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000492831","article-title":"The roles of age and aging in essential tremor: An epidemiological perspective","volume":"52","author":"Louis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.650601","article-title":"The essential tremors: Evolving concepts of a family of diseases","volume":"12","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.229740","article-title":"Estimating annual rate of decline: Prospective, longitudinal data on arm tremor severity in two groups of essential tremor cases","volume":"82","author":"Louis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.215681","article-title":"Rest tremor in advanced essential tremor: A post-mortem study of nine cases","volume":"82","author":"Louis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25400","article-title":"The inferior olivary nucleus: A postmortem study of essential tremor cases versus controls","volume":"28","author":"Louis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25629","article-title":"Quantification of cerebellar hemispheric Purkinje cell linear density: 32 ET cases versus 16 controls","volume":"28","author":"Louis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-018-0080-3","article-title":"Inferior Olivary nucleus degeneration does not lessen tremor in essential tremor","volume":"5","author":"Louis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebellum and Ataxias"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-020-00121-1","article-title":"Essential tremor: The most common form of cerebellar degeneration?","volume":"7","author":"Louis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cerebellum & Ataxias"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01160-4","article-title":"Essential tremor within the broader context of other forms of cerebellar degeneration","volume":"19","author":"Louis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0302-1","article-title":"Essential tremor pathology: Neurodegeneration and reorganization of neuronal connections","volume":"16","author":"Louis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-011-0291-0","article-title":"Torpedoes in the cerebellar vermis in essential tremor cases vs. controls","volume":"10","author":"Louis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0534-z","article-title":"Purkinje cell axonal torpedoes are unrelated to advanced aging and likely reflect cerebellar injury","volume":"117","author":"Louis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22570","article-title":"Older onset essential tremor: More rapid progression and more degenerative pathology","volume":"24","author":"Louis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22567","article-title":"Torpedoes in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, essential tremor, and control brains","volume":"24","author":"Louis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"Pt. 12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm266","article-title":"Neuropathological changes in essential tremor: 33 cases compared with 21 controls","volume":"130","author":"Louis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.8.1194","article-title":"Clinical subtypes of essential tremor","volume":"57","author":"Louis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.224","article-title":"Neuroimaging studies of essential tremor: How well do these studies support\/refute the neurodegenerative hypothesis?","volume":"4","author":"Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10302","article-title":"Community-based data on associations of disease duration and age with severity of essential tremor: Implications for disease pathophysiology","volume":"18","author":"Louis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02043-7","article-title":"Contextualizing the pathology in the essential tremor cerebellar cortex: A patholog-omics approach","volume":"138","author":"Louis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.08.072","article-title":"Cerebellar pathology in childhood-onset vs. adult-onset essential tremor","volume":"659","author":"Louis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-017-0876-3","article-title":"Heterotopic Purkinje cells: A comparative postmortem study of essential tremor and spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 3, and 6","volume":"17","author":"Louis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-014-0556-5","article-title":"Torpedo formation and Purkinje cell loss: Modeling their relationship in cerebellar disease","volume":"13","author":"Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-017-0853-x","article-title":"Cerebellar pathology in familial vs. sporadic essential tremor","volume":"16","author":"Louis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu314","article-title":"Reduced Purkinje cell dendritic arborization and loss of dendritic spines in essential tremor","volume":"137","author":"Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-014-0560-9","article-title":"Matching asymmetry of tremor with asymmetry of postmortem cerebellar hemispheric changes in essential tremor","volume":"13","author":"Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.380","article-title":"The olivary hypothesis of essential tremor: Time to lay this model to rest?","volume":"7","author":"Louis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (N. Y.)"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001636","article-title":"Climbing fiber synaptic changes correlate with clinical features in essential tremor","volume":"84","author":"Louis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.04.054","article-title":"Neurofilament protein levels: Quantitative analysis in essential tremor cerebellar cortex","volume":"518","author":"Louis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.632","article-title":"How common is essential tremor? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor","volume":"11","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00966-7","article-title":"Metabolic abnormality in the cerebellum in patients with essential tremor: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study","volume":"333","author":"Louis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21731","article-title":"The emerging neuropathology of essential tremor","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.8.1189","article-title":"Essential tremor associated with pathologic changes in the cerebellum","volume":"63","author":"Louis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000218162.80315.b9","article-title":"Neuropathologic findings in essential tremor","volume":"66","author":"Louis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.11.043","article-title":"Structural study of Purkinje cell axonal torpedoes in essential tremor","volume":"450","author":"Louis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d5a460","article-title":"Diffusion tensor MRI changes in cerebellar structures of patients with familial essential tremor","volume":"74","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25263","article-title":"Brain iron deposition in essential tremor: A quantitative 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"28","author":"Novellino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.03.022","article-title":"Cerebellar involvement in essential tremor with and without resting tremor: A diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"27","author":"Novellino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000065885.15875.0D","article-title":"Evaluation of essential tremor with multi-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"60","author":"Pagan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.03.003","article-title":"Alzheimer's-related changes in non-demented essential tremor patients vs. controls: Links between tau and tremor?","volume":"20","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"526","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay1769","article-title":"Cerebellar oscillations driven by synaptic pruning deficits of cerebellar climbing fibers contribute to tremor pathophysiology","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr301","article-title":"Defective dentate nucleus GABA receptors in essential tremor","volume":"135","author":"Paris-Robidas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2012.00097","article-title":"Synchrony and neural coding in cerebellar circuits","volume":"6","author":"Person","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neural Circuits"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.015","article-title":"Neurofilament phosphoforms: Surrogate markers for axonal injury, degeneration and loss","volume":"233","author":"Petzold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06267-9","article-title":"White matter rather than gray matter damage characterizes essential tremor","volume":"29","author":"Pietracupa","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01335-7","article-title":"The contribution of neuroimaging to the understanding of essential tremor pathophysiology: A systematic review","author":"Pietracupa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.086579","article-title":"Essential tremor: Predictors of disease progression in a clinical cohort","volume":"77","author":"Putzke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1190","article-title":"Essential head tremor is associated with cerebellar vermis atrophy: A volumetric and voxel-based morphometry MR imaging study","volume":"29","author":"Quattrone","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.04.008","article-title":"Rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in an essential tremor cohort: A prospective, longitudinal study","volume":"74","author":"Radler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.09.024","article-title":"The oscillating central network of essential tremor","volume":"123","author":"Raethjen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000115145.18830.1A","article-title":"Essential tremor course and disability: A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases","volume":"62","author":"Rajput","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.08.009","article-title":"Cerebellar Purkinje cell loss is not pathognomonic of essential tremor","volume":"17","author":"Rajput","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb585","first-page":"A537","article-title":"Pathological Investigation of Essential Tremor","volume":"62","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/14734220600786444","article-title":"The strange case of Purkinje axon regeneration and plasticity","volume":"5","author":"Rossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.01.006","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging: Tract based spatial statistics study in essential tremor","volume":"18","author":"Saini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"Pt. 2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000310425.76205.02","article-title":"Pathologic findings in prospectively ascertained essential tremor subjects","volume":"70","author":"Shill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-015-0682-8","article-title":"Atrophy of the cerebellar vermis in essential tremor: Segmental volumetric MRI analysis","volume":"15","author":"Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb586","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2008.00947.x","article-title":"Chromosome 16q22.1-linked autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia: an autopsy case report with some new observations on cerebellar pathology","volume":"29","author":"Shintaku","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04028","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.04028","article-title":"The global prevalence of essential tremor, with emphasis on age and sex: A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Global Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25845","article-title":"Essential tremor is not associated with cerebellar Purkinje cell loss","volume":"29","author":"Symanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.032","article-title":"The relationship between essential tremor and Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Thenganatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.09.003","article-title":"Excitatory amino acid transporter expression in the essential tremor dentate nucleus and cerebellar cortex: A postmortem study","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.214.175","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms governing competitive synaptic wiring in cerebellar Purkinje cells","volume":"214","author":"Watanabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360413","article-title":"Red nuclear and cerebellar but no olivary activation associated with essential tremor: A positron emission tomographic study","volume":"36","author":"Wills","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.037","article-title":"Purkinje cell collaterals enable output signals from the cerebellar cortex to feed back to Purkinje cells and interneurons","volume":"91","author":"Witter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28502","article-title":"Increased climbing fiber lateral crossings on Purkinje cell dendrites in the cerebellar hemisphere in essential tremor","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000201","article-title":"Morphological Purkinje cell changes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03598.x","article-title":"Increased number of Purkinje cell dendritic swellings in essential tremor","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"}],"container-title":["International Review of Neurobiology","Essential Tremor: Current Concepts and Controversies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0074774222000046?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0074774222000046?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T08:52:04Z","timestamp":1753260724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0074774222000046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9780323899741"],"references-count":121,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0074-7742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0074-7742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}