{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:12:49Z","timestamp":1793319169189,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780323915892","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T15:16:02Z","timestamp":1659194162000},"page":"277-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":263,"title":["Sex and gender differences in pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00121.x","article-title":"Gender role affects experimental pain responses: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Alabas","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.02.006","article-title":"Cross-sex hormone administration changes pain in transsexual women and men","volume":"132","author":"Aloisi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0020","first-page":"63","article-title":"Sex and race differences in rating Others' pain, pain-related negative mood, pain coping, and recommending medical help","volume":"3","author":"Alqudah","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Cybertherapy and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207509","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy and the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in postmenopausal women: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative","volume":"13","author":"Al-Rousan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318157233b","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation over somatosensory cortex decreases experimentally induced acute pain perception","volume":"24","author":"Antal","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.09.027","article-title":"Experimental muscle pain impairs descending inhibition","volume":"140","author":"Arendt-Nielsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/00912700022008775","article-title":"Baseline pain and response to analgesic medications in the postsurgery dental pain model","volume":"40","author":"Averbuch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0127-4","article-title":"Neuronal and glial factors contributing to sex differences in opioid modulation of pain","volume":"44","author":"Averitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4323","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0364-19.2019","article-title":"Dural calcitonin gene-related peptide produces female-specific responses in rodent migraine models","volume":"39","author":"Avona","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001519","article-title":"The medial temporal lobe in nociception: A meta-analytic and functional connectivity study","volume":"160","author":"Ayoub","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106133","article-title":"Functional reorganization of the default mode network across chronic pain conditions","volume":"9","author":"Baliki","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111393","article-title":"Sex differences in pain scores and localization in inflammatory arthritis: A systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"39","author":"Barnabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2021.0039","article-title":"Prescribing analgesics for low Back pain: Is there a gender difference?","volume":"31","author":"Barr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.08.005","article-title":"Microglia-neuronal signalling in neuropathic pain hypersensitivity 2.0","volume":"20","author":"Beggs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2011.00027.x","article-title":"Behavioural and neural correlates of visceral pain sensitivity in healthy men and women: Does sex matter?","volume":"16","author":"Benson","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31815d3619","article-title":"Response to morphine in male and female patients: Analgesia and adverse events","volume":"24","author":"Bijur","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6300(200003\/04)12:2<151::AID-AJHB1>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"How sexually dimorphic are we? Review and synthesis","volume":"12","author":"Blackless","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.02.003","article-title":"Pain and analgesia: The value of salience circuits","volume":"104","author":"Borsook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00133.x","article-title":"Sensory and sympathetic correlates of heat pain sensitization and habituation in men and women","volume":"16","author":"Breimhorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13484","article-title":"Men and women respond equally well to spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion stimulation","author":"Bretherton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2011.00104.x","article-title":"Sex differences in analgesic response to ibuprofen are influenced by expectancy: A randomized, crossover, balanced placebo-designed study","volume":"16","author":"Butcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.10.007","article-title":"Altered primary motor cortex structure, organization, and function in chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.07.005","article-title":"Sex differences in the brain: Implications for behavioral and biomedical research","volume":"85","author":"Choleris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.08.012","article-title":"Applying the new SABV (sex as a biological variable) policy to research and clinical care","volume":"187","author":"Clayton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16405","article-title":"Reporting sex, gender, or both in clinical research?","volume":"316","author":"Clayton","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00365","article-title":"From default mode Network to the basal configuration: Sex differences in the resting-state brain connectivity as a function of age and their clinical correlates","volume":"9","author":"Conrin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23117","article-title":"Intrinsic functional connectivity of periaqueductal gray subregions in humans","volume":"37","author":"Coulombe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.09.028","article-title":"Modulation of pain by estrogens","volume":"132","author":"Craft","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket387","article-title":"Global prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"53","author":"Dean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2002.126788","article-title":"Gender differences in patterns of cerebral activation during equal experience of painful laser stimulation","volume":"3","author":"Derbyshire","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-2877","article-title":"Reporting of sex effects by systematic reviews on interventions for depression, diabetes, and chronic pain","volume":"165","author":"Duan-Porter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00561","article-title":"Editorial: Bridging gaps between sex and gender in neurosciences","volume":"14","author":"Duchesne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000208249.07949.d5","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pain and menopausal status","volume":"22","author":"Dugan","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.07.012","article-title":"Catastrophizing as a mediator of sex differences in pain: Differential effects for daily pain versus laboratory-induced pain","volume":"111","author":"Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.02.026","article-title":"Dump the \u201cdimorphism\u201d: Comprehensive synthesis of human brain studies reveals few male-female differences beyond size","volume":"125","author":"Eliot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"10108","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31431-9","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"390","author":"El-Maouche","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7631","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0946-11.2011","article-title":"Inter-regional contribution of enhanced activity of the primary somatosensory cortex to the anterior cingulate cortex accelerates chronic pain behavior","volume":"31","author":"Eto","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002104","article-title":"Sex differences in brain modular organization in chronic pain","volume":"162","author":"Fauchon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2326-1951.1993.tb03081.x","article-title":"The five sexes: Why male and female are not enough","volume":"33","author":"Fausto-Sterling","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Sciences"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00256-1","article-title":"The association of hormone replacement therapy with experimental pain responses in postmenopausal women","volume":"92","author":"Fillingim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000149801.46864.39","article-title":"Is self-reported childhood abuse history associated with pain perception among healthy young women and men?","volume":"21","author":"Fillingim","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.11.008","article-title":"The A118G single nucleotide polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is associated with pressure pain sensitivity in humans","volume":"6","author":"Fillingim","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.12.001","article-title":"Sex, gender, and pain: A review of recent clinical and experimental findings","volume":"10","author":"Fillingim","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001863","article-title":"Individual variability and sex differences in conditioned pain modulation and the impact of resilience, and conditioning stimulus pain unpleasantness and salience","volume":"161","author":"Firouzian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000267526.37663.41","article-title":"Recognizing pain management as a human right: A first step","volume":"105","author":"Fishman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70817","article-title":"Reporting and misreporting of sex differences in the biological sciences","volume":"10","author":"Garcia-Sifuentes","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa027","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulates the effect of sex on the descending pain modulatory system in healthy volunteers","volume":"21","author":"Gasparin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1196-1248","article-title":"Kappa-opioids produce significantly greater analgesia in women than in men","volume":"2","author":"Gear","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.2270","article-title":"Sex differences in predictors of outcome in selected physical therapy interventions for acute low back pain","volume":"36","author":"George","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-102","article-title":"Prevalence of widespread pain and associations with work status: A population study","volume":"9","author":"Gerdle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.101.3.803-807","article-title":"Experimental pain thresholds influenced by sex of experimenter","volume":"101","author":"Gijsbers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.05.004","article-title":"Sex differences in the neural representation of pain unpleasantness","volume":"15","author":"Girard-Tremblay","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.05.002","article-title":"Sex differences in perceived pain are affected by an anxious brain","volume":"152","author":"Goffaux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-770","article-title":"Pain as a global public health priority","volume":"11","author":"Goldberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31825e454e","article-title":"Association of trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and experimental pain response in healthy young women","volume":"29","author":"Gomez-Perez","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11091186","article-title":"Inter-individual differences explain more variance in conditioned pain modulation than age, sex and conditioning stimulus intensity combined","volume":"11","author":"Graeff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.10.014","article-title":"Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: A consensus report","volume":"132","author":"Greenspan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217610","article-title":"Impact of early adverse life events and sex on functional brain networks in patients with urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS): A MAPP research Network study","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000089","article-title":"Early adverse life events and resting state neural networks in patients with chronic abdominal pain: Evidence for sex differences","volume":"76","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23856","article-title":"Sex-based differences in brain alterations across chronic pain conditions","volume":"95","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1089\/152460902760360595","article-title":"Gender bias in physicians' management of neck pain: A study of the answers in a Swedish national examination","volume":"11","author":"Hamberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.07.002","article-title":"Women experience greater heat pain adaptation and habituation than men","volume":"145","author":"Hashmi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.039","article-title":"Deconstructing sex differences in pain sensitivity","volume":"155","author":"Hashmi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00998.2014","article-title":"The periaqueductal gray and descending pain modulation: Why should we study them and what role do they play in chronic pain?","volume":"114","author":"Hemington","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1161-1","article-title":"Abnormal cross-network functional connectivity in chronic pain and its association with clinical symptoms","volume":"221","author":"Hemington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Structure & Function"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.045","article-title":"Gender differences in brain activity evoked by muscle and cutaneous pain: A retrospective study of single-trial fMRI data","volume":"39","author":"Henderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.714","article-title":"Does pain vary across the menstrual cycle? A review","volume":"19","author":"Iacovides","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.11.018","article-title":"Beyond the binary: Rethinking sex and the brain","volume":"122","author":"Joel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001280","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis and menopausal hormone therapy in postmenopausal women: A nationwide cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.545","article-title":"Association between plasma testosterone and work-related neck and shoulder disorders among female workers","volume":"26","author":"Kaergaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.08.008","article-title":"The effects of experimenter characteristics on pain reports in women and men","volume":"112","author":"Kallai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"619","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abj7152","article-title":"Immune regulation of pain: Friend and foe","volume":"13","author":"Kavelaars","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00296-7","article-title":"The relationship of gender to pain, pain behavior, and disability in osteoarthritis patients: The role of catastrophizing","volume":"87","author":"Keefe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2020.1813602","article-title":"The gender context of pain","volume":"15","author":"Keogh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.12.009","article-title":"Do men and women differ in their response to interdisciplinary chronic pain management?","volume":"114","author":"Keogh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25245","article-title":"Sex-differences in network level brain dynamics associated with pain sensitivity and pain interference","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116899","article-title":"Reduced tactile acuity in chronic low back pain is linked with structural neuroplasticity in primary somatosensory cortex and is modulated by acupuncture therapy","volume":"217","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.016","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic pain in children and adolescents revisited: A systematic review","volume":"152","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.03.064","article-title":"Sex differences in the functional connectivity of the amygdalae in association with cortisol","volume":"134","author":"Kogler","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23864","article-title":"Sex differences in hippocampal function","volume":"95","author":"Koss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.08.004","article-title":"Sex differences and hormonal influences on response to mechanical pressure pain in humans","volume":"11","author":"Kowalczyk","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312902110","article-title":"Mind wandering away from pain dynamically engages antinociceptive and default mode brain networks","volume":"110","author":"Kucyi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.162","article-title":"Structural plasticity and reorganisation in chronic pain","volume":"18","author":"Kuner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/17588928.2020.1800617","article-title":"Development of sex differences in the human brain","volume":"12","author":"Kurth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.009","article-title":"Sex differences in brain activity during aversive visceral stimulation and its expectation in patients with chronic abdominal pain: A network analysis","volume":"41","author":"Labus","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0156-z","article-title":"Sex differences in antidepressant efficacy","volume":"44","author":"LeGates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab109","article-title":"Sensory neurons, neuroimmunity, and pain modulation by sex hormones","volume":"162","author":"Lenert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1759-9","article-title":"Defining gender disparities in pain management","volume":"469","author":"Leresche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03230-7","article-title":"Use of exogenous hormones and risk of temporomandibular disorder pain","volume":"69","author":"LeResche","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90149-R","article-title":"The effects of experimenter gender on pain report in male and female subjects","volume":"44","author":"Levine","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"Suppl 130(3)","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/pq0qp6","article-title":"Pain and transition: Evaluating fibromyalgia in transgender individuals","volume":"39","author":"Levit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000314649.38527.93","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for chronic pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"70","author":"Lima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.11.006","article-title":"Sex similarities and differences in pain-related periaqueductal gray connectivity","volume":"153","author":"Linnman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027049","article-title":"Gender-related differences in the dysfunctional resting networks of migraine suffers","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16664-z","article-title":"Sex differences in peripheral not central immune responses to pain-inducing injury","volume":"7","author":"Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.06.015","article-title":"IL-23\/IL-17A\/TRPV1 axis produces mechanical pain via macrophage-sensory neuron crosstalk in female mice","volume":"109","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E191","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2019.22.E191","article-title":"Gender differences in the Association of Brain Gray Matter and Pain-Related Psychosocial Characteristics","volume":"22","author":"Malfliet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-139003","article-title":"Chronic pain: The role of learning and brain plasticity","volume":"32","author":"Mansour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.030","article-title":"Male-specific conditioned pain hypersensitivity in mice and humans","volume":"29","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.09.009","article-title":"Sex-specific effects of gender identification on pain study recruitment","volume":"19","author":"Mattos Feijo","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5372-11.2012","article-title":"Sex differences in the brain: The not so inconvenient truth","volume":"32","author":"McCarthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12815","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3331-09.2009","article-title":"The epigenetics of sex differences in the brain","volume":"29","author":"McCarthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.05.007","article-title":"Insights into the mechanisms and the emergence of sex-differences in pain","volume":"338","author":"Melchior","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12424","article-title":"Evidence for acute central sensitization to prolonged experimental pain in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"15","author":"Moeller-Bertram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3360","article-title":"Sex differences in pain and pain inhibition: Multiple explanations of a controversial phenomenon","volume":"13","author":"Mogil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.05.005","article-title":"Sex-based divergence of mechanisms underlying pain and pain inhibition","volume":"23","author":"Mogil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0310-6","article-title":"Qualitative sex differences in pain processing: Emerging evidence of a biased literature","volume":"21","author":"Mogil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.06.020","article-title":"The case for the inclusion of female subjects in basic science studies of pain","volume":"117","author":"Mogil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4867","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0730053100","article-title":"The melanocortin-1 receptor gene mediates female-specific mechanisms of analgesia in mice and humans","volume":"100","author":"Mogil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0555","first-page":"1360","article-title":"Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age","volume":"78","author":"Morales","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004425","article-title":"Sex differences in Alzheimer risk: Brain imaging of endocrine vs chronologic aging","volume":"89","author":"Mosconi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46450-2_13","article-title":"Amygdala pain mechanisms","volume":"227","author":"Neugebauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.06.012","article-title":"Do sex differences exist in opioid analgesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis of human experimental and clinical studies","volume":"151","author":"Niesters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000126","article-title":"Conditioned pain modulation","volume":"9","author":"Nir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9831","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1742-12.2012","article-title":"Pain intensity the first year after lumbar disc herniation is associated with the A118G polymorphism in the opioid receptor mu 1 gene: Evidence of a sex and genotype interaction","volume":"32","author":"Olsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0585","article-title":"Sex-specific abnormalities and treatment-related plasticity of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity in chronic pain","volume":"2","author":"Osborne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002016","article-title":"Abnormal subgenual anterior cingulate circuitry is unique to women but not men with chronic pain","volume":"162","author":"Osborne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-021-00996-7","article-title":"Gender minority stress, psychiatric comorbidities, and the experience of migraine in transgender and gender-diverse individuals: A narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Pace","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Pain and Headache Reports"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00048-7","article-title":"Gender differences in pain perception and patterns of cerebral activation during noxious heat stimulation in humans","volume":"76","author":"Paulson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.10.008","article-title":"Role of gender norms and group identification on hypothetical and experimental pain tolerance","volume":"129","author":"Pool","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.05.013","article-title":"Gender differences in pain modulation by diffuse noxious inhibitory controls: A systematic review","volume":"150","author":"Popescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2021.01.012","article-title":"Applying dense-sampling methods to reveal dynamic endocrine modulation of the nervous system","volume":"40","author":"Pritschet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.02.015","article-title":"The methodology of experimentally induced diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC)-like effect in humans","volume":"144","author":"Pud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12827","article-title":"An evaluation of sex differences in patients with chronic pain undergoing an interdisciplinary pain treatment program","volume":"20","author":"Racine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.11.025","article-title":"A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex\/gender and experimental pain perception - part 1: Are there really differences between women and men?","volume":"153","author":"Racine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.11.026","article-title":"A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex\/gender and pain perception - part 2: Do biopsychosocial factors alter pain sensitivity differently in women and men?","volume":"153","author":"Racine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","article-title":"The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: Concepts, challenges, and compromises","volume":"161","author":"Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.02.006","article-title":"The role of sex\/gender in the experience of pain: Resilience, fear, and acceptance as central variables in the adjustment of men and women with chronic pain","volume":"15","author":"Ramirez-Maestre","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002143","article-title":"Hippocampus shape deformation: A potential diagnostic biomarker for chronic back pain in women","volume":"162","author":"Reckziegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000454","article-title":"Pain and the global burden of disease","volume":"157","author":"Rice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2017-00246","article-title":"Sex and gender differences research Design for Basic, clinical, and population studies: Essentials for investigators","volume":"39","author":"Rich-Edwards","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00258-9","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of pain perception across the menstrual cycle","volume":"81","author":"Riley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy109","article-title":"Sex differences in the adult human brain: Evidence from 5216 UK biobank participants","volume":"28","author":"Ritchie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2001.24551","article-title":"Gender role expectations of pain: Relationship to sex differences in pain","volume":"2","author":"Robinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2004.03.002","article-title":"Does past pain influence current pain: Biological and psychosocial models of sex differences","volume":"8","author":"Rollman","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23831","article-title":"Sex differences in neuroimmunity and pain","volume":"95","author":"Rosen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.11.002","article-title":"Sex differences in reported pain across 11,000 patients captured in electronic medical records","volume":"13","author":"Ruau","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0148-z","article-title":"Sex differences and the neurobiology of affective disorders","volume":"44","author":"Rubinow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0744-2","article-title":"Gender differences in axial Spondyloarthritis: Women are not so lucky","volume":"20","author":"Rusman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Rheumatology Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00524.x","article-title":"Impact of physician and patient gender on pain management in the emergency department--a multicenter study","volume":"10","author":"Safdar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000536","article-title":"Health care providers' judgments in chronic pain: The influence of gender and trustworthiness","volume":"157","author":"Schafer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-014-0017-3","article-title":"Sex differences in mood disorders: Perspectives from humans and rodent models","volume":"5","author":"Seney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biology of Sex Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00806-8","article-title":"Considering sex as a biological variable will require a global shift in science culture","volume":"24","author":"Shansky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005714","article-title":"Stop \u201ccontrolling\u201d for sex and gender in global health research","volume":"6","author":"Shapiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R245","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00920.2005","article-title":"Does experimental pain response vary across the menstrual cycle? A methodological review","volume":"291","author":"Sherman","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13036","article-title":"Less pain relief, more depression, and female sex correlate with spinal cord stimulation explants","volume":"23","author":"Slyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq348","article-title":"Hormonal replacement therapy does not affect self-estimated pain or experimental pain responses in post-menopausal women suffering from fibromyalgia: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Stening","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S248424","article-title":"Sex and gender are not the same: Why identity is important for people living with HIV and chronic pain","volume":"13","author":"Strath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pain Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20536","article-title":"Sex differences in brain activation to anticipated and experienced pain in the medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"30","author":"Straube","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00744.x","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome type I in children","volume":"97","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2007.00180.x","article-title":"Addressing the global tragedy of needless pain: Rethinking the United Nations single convention on narcotic drugs","volume":"35","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2013.09.003","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review","volume":"81","author":"Thierry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Joint, Bone, Spine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.06.018","article-title":"Excitatory and inhibitory pain mechanisms during the menstrual cycle in healthy women","volume":"146","author":"Tousignant-Laflamme","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.05.005","article-title":"Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: Gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders","volume":"9","author":"Tsang","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.05.022","article-title":"Menstrual pain is associated with rapid structural alterations in the brain","volume":"154","author":"Tu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22167","article-title":"Sex differences in DNA methylation may contribute to risk of PTSD and depression: A review of existing evidence","volume":"30","author":"Uddin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00214-6","article-title":"Gender variations in clinical pain experience","volume":"65","author":"Unruh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202431","article-title":"Female patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Analysis of the impact of gender across treatment studies","volume":"72","author":"van der Horst-Bruinsma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.030","article-title":"The distribution of pain activity across the human neonatal brain is sex dependent","volume":"178","author":"Verriotis","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413507637","article-title":"Prevalence of menstrual migraine: A population-based study","volume":"34","author":"Vetvik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60367-6","article-title":"Steroid hormones and pain-related brain activity and functional connectivity in healthy women","volume":"383","author":"Vincent","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/204946370800200206","article-title":"Hormones and their interaction with the pain experience","volume":"2","author":"Vincent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reviews in Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102385","article-title":"Cross-sectional study on sex differences in chronic pain patients using the DATAPAIN cohort","volume":"46","author":"Waardenburg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260507306484","article-title":"Child abuse and chronic pain in a community survey of women","volume":"22","author":"Walsh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.01.005","article-title":"Sex differences in connectivity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"155","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz129","article-title":"Sex classification by resting state brain connectivity","volume":"30","author":"Weis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.8.2.143","article-title":"Aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"8","author":"West","year":"1949","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2019.100632","article-title":"Sex differences in functional connectivity during fetal brain development","volume":"36","author":"Wheelock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab434","article-title":"The integration of sex and gender considerations into biomedical research: Lessons from international funding agencies","volume":"106","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2014.07.001","article-title":"Sex bias exists in basic science and translational surgical research","volume":"156","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001","article-title":"Gender biases in estimation of Others' pain","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"}],"container-title":["International Review of Neurobiology","Sex and Gender Differences in Neurological Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S007477422200071X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S007477422200071X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T16:14:52Z","timestamp":1753287292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S007477422200071X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9780323915892"],"references-count":171,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0074-7742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0074-7742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}