{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T16:55:21Z","timestamp":1759683321855,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780323990264"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T21:27:05Z","timestamp":1682026025000},"page":"317-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adult-onset focal dystonias: To lump or split"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"H.A.","family":"Jinnah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"DeFazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475","article-title":"Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: A consensus update","volume":"28","author":"Albanese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Dystonia","volume":"4","author":"Balint","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature\u00a0Reviews Disease\u00a0Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321794","article-title":"Risk of spread in adult-onset isolated focal dystonia: a prospective international cohort study","volume":"91","author":"Berman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib4","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Phenomenology, genetics, and CNS network abnormalities in laryngeal dystonia: A 30-year experience","volume":"128","author":"Blitzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx270","article-title":"A little man of some importance","volume":"140","author":"Catani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0137-9","article-title":"The role of sensory information in the pathophysiology of focal dystonias","volume":"15","author":"Conte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27859","article-title":"Ten-year reflections on the neurophysiological abnormalities of focal dystonias in humans","volume":"34","author":"Conte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1957","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201042","article-title":"Clinical and structural findings in patients with lesion-induced dystonia: Descriptive and quantitative analysis of published cases","volume":"99","author":"Corp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz112","article-title":"Network localization of cervical dystonia based on causal brain lesions","volume":"2019","author":"Corp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.5.613","article-title":"Risk factors for spread of primary adult onset blepharospasm: a multicentre investigation of the Italian movement disorders study group","volume":"67","author":"Defazio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl355","article-title":"Do primary adult-onset focal dystonias share aetiological factors?","volume":"130","author":"Defazio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28199","article-title":"Idiopathic non-task-specific upper limb dystonia, a neglected form of dystonia","volume":"35","author":"Defazio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0257-3","article-title":"Somatic mosaicism and neurodevelopmental disease","volume":"21","author":"D'Gama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001076","article-title":"The apparent paradox of phenotypic diversity and shared mechanisms across dystonia syndromes","volume":"35","author":"Di Fonzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104526","article-title":"The neurobiological basis for novel experimental therapeutics in dystonia","author":"Downs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13731","article-title":"Spread of dystonia in patients with idiopathic adult-onset laryngeal dystonia","volume":"25","author":"Esposito","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology: The Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93903-B","article-title":"Lodewijk Bolk and the comparative anatomy of the cerebellum","volume":"18","author":"Glickstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2004.07.008","article-title":"Functional MRI localizing in the cerebellum","volume":"16","author":"Grodd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e371","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006818","article-title":"Safety and long-term efficacy of ventro-oral thalamotomy for focal hand dystonia: A retrospective study of 171 patients","volume":"92","author":"Horisawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135590","article-title":"The expanding clinical and genetic spectrum of ANO3 dystonia","volume":"746","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25567","article-title":"The focal dystonias: Current views and challenges for future research","volume":"7","author":"Jinnah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.383","article-title":"The anatomical basis for dystonia: The motor network model","volume":"7","author":"Jinnah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib23","first-page":"976","article-title":"The dystonias","volume":"25","author":"Jinnah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Society for Social Work Administrators in Health Care)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28485","article-title":"Genotype-phenotype relations for isolated dystonia genes: MDSGene systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Lange","year":"2021","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05863-2","article-title":"Delineating the electrophysiological signature of dystonia","volume":"238","author":"Latorre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10301","article-title":"Secondary cervical dystonia associated with structural lesions of the central nervous system","volume":"18","author":"LeDoux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.2.463","article-title":"The anatomical basis of symptomatic hemidystonia","volume":"108","author":"Marsden","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25088","article-title":"Age at onset and symptom spread in primary adult-onset blepharospasm and cervical dystonia","volume":"27","author":"Martino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13255","article-title":"Efficacy of pallidal stimulation in isolated dystonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Moro","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology: the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws186","article-title":"Mapping motor representations in the human cerebellum","volume":"136","author":"Mottolese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2011.00026","article-title":"Somatotopic organization of the primate basal ganglia","volume":"5","author":"Nambu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.01.026","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of dystonia","volume":"42","author":"Neychev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26817","article-title":"Clinical and demographic characteristics related to onset site and spread of cervical dystonia","volume":"31","author":"Norris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28223","article-title":"Clinical and demographic characteristics of upper limb dystonia","volume":"35","author":"Norris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000142035.26034.C2","article-title":"Age at onset as a factor in determining the phenotype of primary torsion dystonia","volume":"63","author":"O'Riordan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415588557","article-title":"The Mayo Clinic Arizona spasmodic dysphonia experience: A demographic analysis of 718 patients","volume":"124","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.7.650","article-title":"Hemidystonia: A report of 22 patients and a review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Pettigrew","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2019.1623785","article-title":"New approaches to discovering drugs that treat dystonia","volume":"10","author":"Pirio Richardson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opinion\u00a0on\u00a0Drug Discovery"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003596","article-title":"Dystonia treatment: Patterns of medication use in an international cohort","volume":"88","author":"Pirio Richardson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.062","article-title":"Dystonia as a network disorder: What is the role of the cerebellum?","volume":"260","author":"Prudente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28454","article-title":"We must talk about sex and focal dystonia","volume":"36","author":"Rafee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib42","first-page":"452","article-title":"Further studies of the sensory and motor cerebral cortex of man","volume":"6","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1947","journal-title":"Federation Proceedings"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311298","article-title":"Task-specific dystonia: Pathophysiology and management","volume":"87","author":"Sadnicka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10359","DOI":"10.3389\/dyst.2022.10359","article-title":"Clinical features and evolution of blepharospasm: A multicenter international cohort and systematic literature review","volume":"1","author":"Scorr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dystonia"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700714","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.700714","article-title":"Oromandibular dystonia: A clinical examination of 2,020 cases","volume":"12","author":"Scorr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0457-8","article-title":"Spread of primary dystonia in relation to initially affected region","volume":"254","author":"Svetel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20919","article-title":"Relative risk of spread of symptoms among the focal onset primary dystonias","volume":"21","author":"Weiss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib48","first-page":"237","article-title":"Relationship of genotype, phenotype, and treatment in dopa-responsive dystonia: MDSGene review","volume":"2022","author":"Weissbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.045","article-title":"Structural, functional and molecular imaging of the brain in primary focal dystonia\u2014A review","volume":"56","author":"Zoons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["International Review of Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0074774223000168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0074774223000168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T18:20:46Z","timestamp":1701195646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0074774223000168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9780323990264"],"references-count":49,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.irn.2023.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0074-7742"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0074-7742"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}