{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:16:41Z","timestamp":1783948601887,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780443344138","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T12:14:38Z","timestamp":1770120878000},"page":"331-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Activation of Nrf2 neuroprotective pathways for treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease: A state of art review"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Bougea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.120.000010","article-title":"Nrf2 antioxidative system is involved in cytochrome P450 gene expression and activity: A delay in pentobarbital metabolism in Nrf2-deficient mice","volume":"48","author":"Ashino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib2","article-title":"3D cultures of Parkinson\u2019s disease-specific dopaminergic neurons for high content phenotyping and drug testing","volume":"6","author":"Bolognin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advanced Science (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01063-9","article-title":"Regulation of BDNF transcription by Nrf2 and MeCP2 ameliorates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discovery"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2022.105325","article-title":"The principal molecular mechanisms behind the activation of Keap1\/Nrf2\/ARE pathway leading to neuroprotective action in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"156","author":"Chakkittukandiyil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochemistry International"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-6715-5","article-title":"Curcumin protects PC12 cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis by bcl-2-mitochondria-ROS-iNOS pathway","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813361106","article-title":"Nrf2-mediated neuroprotection in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Critical role for the astrocyte","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib7","article-title":"The untapped potential of targeting NRF2 in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers\u00a0in\u00a0Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib8","article-title":"Iron metabolism in ferroptosis","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in\u00a0Cell\u00a0and\u00a0Developmental Biology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23061","article-title":"Naphthazarin has a protective effect on the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease model","volume":"90","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7416","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks409","article-title":"Identification of novel NRF2-regulated genes by ChIP-Seq: influence on retinoid X receptor alpha","volume":"40","author":"Chorley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.388","article-title":"Nrf2 is controlled by two distinct \u03b2-TrCP recognition motifs in its Neh6 domain, one of which can be modulated by GSK-3 activity","volume":"32","author":"Chowdhry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0008-x","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of the NRF2 and KEAP1 partnership in chronic diseases","volume":"18","author":"Cuadrado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.036","article-title":"The emerging role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function","volume":"88","author":"Dinkova-Kostova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2022.12.003","article-title":"Advances and challenges in therapeutic targeting of NRF2","volume":"44","author":"Dinkova-Kostova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07138.x","article-title":"Keap1-Nrf2 activation in the presence and absence of DJ-1","volume":"31","author":"Gan","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib16","article-title":"Dissecting the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-\u03baB response pathways in drug-induced toxicity","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in\u00a0Cell\u00a0and\u00a0Developmental Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00676-7","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease - A key disease hallmark with therapeutic potential","volume":"18","author":"Henrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib18","article-title":"Nrf2-mediated therapeutic effects of dietary flavones in different diseases","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in\u00a0Pharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.08.001","article-title":"The complexity of the Nrf2 pathway: Beyond the antioxidant response","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib20","first-page":"76","article-title":"Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain","volume":"13","author":"Itoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes\u00a0&\u00a0Development"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3731","article-title":"Pharmacological targeting of the transcription factor Nrf2 at the basal ganglia provides disease modifying therapy for experimental parkinsonism","volume":"14","author":"Jazwa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxidants & Redox Signaling"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34828-3","article-title":"Automated microfluidic cell culture of stem cell derived dopaminergic neurons","volume":"9","author":"Kane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020320","article-title":"Regulation of Nrf2 by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and pathology","volume":"10","author":"Kasai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-008-0309-3","article-title":"Cell death pathways in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Proximal triggers, distal effectors, and final steps","volume":"14","author":"Levy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.001","article-title":"Novel diterpenoid-type activators of the Keap1\/Nrf2\/ARE signaling pathway and their regulation of redox homeostasis","volume":"141","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601243","article-title":"Structure of the Keap1:Nrf2 interface provides mechanistic insight into Nrf2 signaling","volume":"25","author":"Lo","year":"2006","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6910","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8007212","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on MPTP-induced neuron loss mediated by free radical scavenging","volume":"56","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557519666191104110908","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: A review from pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"20","author":"Marino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib29","article-title":"Targeting the NRF2 pathway for disease modification in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"15","author":"Mayer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in\u00a0Pharmacology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9926","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.21.9926","article-title":"Isolation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator that binds to the tandem NF-E2\/AP1 repeat of the beta-globin locus control region","volume":"91","author":"Moi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib31","first-page":"559","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pain in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A new approach","volume":"38","author":"Mylius","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs\u00a0&\u00a0Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib32","article-title":"Nrf2 and oxidative stress: A general overview of mechanisms and implications in human disease","volume":"11","author":"Ngo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-021-02071-5","article-title":"Nrf2 as a potential target for Parkinson\u2019s disease therapy","volume":"99","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Medicine\u00a0(Berl)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10050791","article-title":"The NRF2\/KEAP1 axis in the regulation of tumor metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Panieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102277","article-title":"The impact of the CX3CL1\/CX3CR1 axis in neurological disorders","volume":"9","author":"Pawelec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00706","article-title":"Curcumin modulates p62-Keap1-Nrf2-mediated autophagy in rotenone-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease mouse models","author":"Rathore","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Chemical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9372182","article-title":"Activators and inhibitors of NRF2: A review of their potential for clinical development","volume":"2019","author":"Robledinos-Ant\u00f3n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27063","article-title":"Projection of the prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease in the coming decades: Revisited","volume":"33","author":"Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib39","article-title":"A perspective on Nrf2 signaling pathway for neuroinflammation: A potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases","volume":"15","author":"Saha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in\u00a0Cellular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.015","article-title":"Heme oxygenase expression in human central nervous system disorders","volume":"37","author":"Schipper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020100004","article-title":"Neurochemical findings in the MPTP model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"108","author":"Schmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of\u00a0Neural Transmission (Vienna)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-008-8037-y","article-title":"Hormetic dietary phytochemicals","volume":"10","author":"Son","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.03.041","article-title":"Naphthazarin protects against glutamate-induced neuronal death via activation of the Nrf2\/ARE pathway","volume":"433","author":"Son","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14020151","article-title":"Recalibrating the why and whom of animal models in Parkinson disease: A clinician\u2019s perspective","volume":"14","author":"Sturchio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib45","article-title":"Increased plasma heme oxygenase-1 levels in patients with early-stage Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in\u00a0Aging Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.865772","article-title":"Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome With Nrf2 inducers in central nervous system disorders","volume":"13","author":"Tastan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20082025","article-title":"Pharmacological applications of Nrf2 inhibitors as potential antineoplastic drugs","volume":"20","author":"Telkoparan-Akillilar","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7342","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation by Nrf2","volume":"29","author":"Tonelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxidants & Redox Signaling"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.8.2887-2900.2006","article-title":"Keap1 recruits Neh2 through binding to ETGE and DLG motifs: characterization of the two-site molecular recognition model","volume":"26","author":"Tong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060596","article-title":"Neuroprotective potentials of berberine in rotenone-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease-like motor symptoms in rats","volume":"14","author":"Tseng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29225364","article-title":"Formononetin exerts neuroprotection in Parkinson\u2019s disease via the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib52","article-title":"Pharmacological modulation of Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7216","article-title":"NAD(H) and NADP(H) redox couples and cellular energy metabolism","volume":"28","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxidants & Redox Signaling"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib54","article-title":"Current landscape of NRF2 biomarkers in clinical trials","volume":"9","author":"Yagishita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC06997D","article-title":"Inflachromene ameliorates Parkinson\u2019s disease by targeting Nrf2-binding Keap1","volume":"15","author":"Yim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102134","article-title":"The Nrf2-NLRP3-caspase-1 axis mediates the neuroprotective effects of celastrol in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biology"}],"container-title":["International Review of Neurobiology","Brain Energy Metabolism in Alzheimers Disease - Part B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0074774226000061?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0074774226000061?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T12:52:42Z","timestamp":1783947162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0074774226000061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9780443344138"],"references-count":56,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.irn.2026.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0074-7742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0074-7742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}