{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:16:59Z","timestamp":1790885819116,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780128215319","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007674","name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001348","name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012415","name":"Biomedical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T07:57:45Z","timestamp":1587455865000},"page":"257-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Generating ventral spinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"178\u2013178","key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0010","article-title":"SnapShot: Spinal cord development","volume":"146","author":"Alaynick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4304","article-title":"Fused cerebral organoids model interactions between brain regions","volume":"14","author":"Bagley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80853-3","article-title":"A homeodomain protein code specifies progenitor cell identity and neuronal fate in the ventral neural tube","volume":"101","author":"Briscoe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4969","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608254114","article-title":"Differentiation of V2a interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"114","author":"Butts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1073","article-title":"Patterning cell types in the dorsal spinal cord: What the mouse mutants say","volume":"4","author":"Caspary","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13800","article-title":"A three-dimensional human neural cell culture model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"515","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(09)88006-X","article-title":"Hox networks and the origins of motor neuron diversity","volume":"88","author":"Dasen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Topics in Developmental Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.097410","article-title":"How to make spinal motor neurons","volume":"141","author":"Davis-Dusenbery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.7.2099","article-title":"Dorsalization of the neural tube by the non-neural ectoderm","volume":"121","author":"Dickinson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6626","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7626","article-title":"Generation and expansion of highly pure motor neuron progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070824","article-title":"Ectodermal Wnt function as a neural crest inducer","volume":"297","author":"Garcia-Castro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00367-1","article-title":"Crossinhibitory activities of Ngn1 and Math1 allow specification of distinct dorsal interneurons","volume":"31","author":"Gowan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1081-0","article-title":"Cell cycle inhibitors protect motor neurons in an organoid model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"9","author":"Hor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi467","article-title":"Distinct and overlapping alterations in motor and sensory neurons in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"15","author":"Jablonka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/35049541","article-title":"Neuronal specification in the spinal cord: Inductive signals and transcriptional codes","volume":"1","author":"Jessell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.07.005","article-title":"Midbrain-like organoids from human pluripotent stem cells contain functional dopaminergic and neuromelanin-producing neurons","volume":"19","author":"Jo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.08.008","article-title":"Global control of motor neuron topography mediated by the repressive actions of a single hox gene","volume":"67","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135722","article-title":"Motor neuron diversity in development and disease","volume":"33","author":"Kanning","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.09.021","article-title":"Generation of a motor nerve organoid with human stem cell-derived neurons","volume":"9","author":"Kawada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4694","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0311-05.2005","article-title":"Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Keirstead","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1877","article-title":"Specification of transplantable astroglial subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"29","author":"Krencik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12517","article-title":"Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly","volume":"501","author":"Lancaster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.21.3394","article-title":"Neuronal patterning by BMPs: A requirement for Gdf7 in the generation of a discrete class of commissural interneurons in the mouse spinal cord","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes & Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90276-7","article-title":"Dorsal differentiation of neural plate cells induced by BMP-mediated signals from epidermal ectoderm","volume":"82","author":"Liem","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.02.018","article-title":"Deterministic HOX patterning in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neuroectoderm","volume":"4","author":"Lippmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02478","article-title":"The function of growth\/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11) in rostrocaudal patterning of the developing spinal cord","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00544-X","article-title":"Assigning the positional identity of spinal motor neurons: Rostrocaudal patterning of Hox-c expression by Fgfs, Gdf11, and retinoids","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22522","article-title":"Spinal muscular atrophy astrocytes exhibit abnormal calcium regulation and reduced growth factor production","volume":"61","author":"Mcgivern","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/10320","article-title":"Regulation of anterior\/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth\/differentiation factor 11","volume":"22","author":"Mcpherron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1706198","article-title":"Single-dose gene-replacement therapy for spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"377","author":"Mendell","year":"2017","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001447","article-title":"Riluzole for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)\/motor neuron disease (MND)","volume":"3","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.937102","article-title":"Wnt signaling plays an essential role in neuronal specification of the dorsal spinal cord","volume":"16","author":"Muroyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes & Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00407-X","article-title":"Coordinate regulation of motor neuron subtype identity and pan-neuronal properties by the bHLH repressor Olig2","volume":"31","author":"Novitch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.162214","article-title":"Three-dimensional induction of dorsal, intermediate and ventral spinal cord tissues from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"145","author":"Ogura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/tnsci-2017-0001","article-title":"ISS-N1 makes the first FDA-approved drug for spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"8","author":"Ottesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Translational Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1726","article-title":"Modulating Hox gene functions during animal body patterning","volume":"6","author":"Pearson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.011","article-title":"Edaravone: A new drug approved for ALS","volume":"171","author":"Rothstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00293","article-title":"Motor neurons and the generation of spinal motor neuron diversity","volume":"8","author":"Stifani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00601.2012","article-title":"Preservation of Vglut1 synapses on ventral calbindin-immunoreactive interneurons and normal locomotor function in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"109","author":"Thirumalai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8578","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1578-17.2017","article-title":"Effects of Astroglia on motor neurons in spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"37","author":"Verheijen","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Methods in Cell Biology","Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Organoid Models"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091679X20300443?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091679X20300443?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T09:54:15Z","timestamp":1758794055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091679X20300443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9780128215319"],"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.03.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-679X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}