{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:29:14Z","timestamp":1786123754945,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780323989275","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019289","name":"Far Eastern Federal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T14:43:08Z","timestamp":1634827388000},"page":"269-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neuromodulation as a basic platform for neuroprotection and repair after spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Artur","family":"Biktimirov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Bryukhovetskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari Shanker","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2014.07.002","article-title":"The relationship between isokinetic muscle strength and spasticity in the lower limbs of stroke patients","volume":"2","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0015","first-page":"1878","article-title":"Classifying device-related complications associated with intrathecal baclofen pumps: a MAUDE STUDY","volume":"24","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0020","first-page":"233","article-title":"Best-practice surgical techniques for intrathecal baclofen therapy","volume":"104","author":"Albright","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5174","article-title":"Reduced field of view diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography of the pediatric cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury","volume":"35","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb626","first-page":"NBK441932","article-title":"Central Cord Syndrome. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing","author":"Ameer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bookshelf ID"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.46","article-title":"Pain, spasticity and quality of life in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury in Denmark","volume":"54","author":"Andresen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/09593980600724188","article-title":"Ashworth scales are unreliable for the assessment of muscle spasticity","volume":"22","author":"Ansari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4541","article-title":"Cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Assinck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-019-0354-5","article-title":"The case for revisiting central cord syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Badhiwala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000098744","article-title":"Epidural spinal cord stimulation in the management of spasms in spinal cord injury: a prospective study","volume":"64","author":"Barolat","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30321-7","article-title":"An exoskeleton controlled by an epidural wireless brain-machine interface in a tetraplegic patient: a proof-of-concept demonstration","volume":"18","author":"Benabid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200607000-00027","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord distribution of baclofen and bupivacaine during slow intrathecal infusion in pigs","volume":"105","author":"Bernards","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101928","article-title":"Spasticity-assessment: a review","volume":"44","author":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0070","first-page":"1","volume":"94","author":"Biktimirov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.09.007","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation and intrathecal baclofen therapy for patients with severe spasticity after spinal cord injury","volume":"258","author":"Biktimirov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","article-title":"Interrater reliability of a modified ashworth scale of muscle spasticity","volume":"67","author":"Bohannon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.12.019","article-title":"Occurrence of adverse events in long-term intrathecal baclofen infusion: a 1-year follow-up study of 158 adults","volume":"95","author":"Borrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12437","article-title":"Best practices for intrathecal baclofen therapy: screening test","volume":"19","author":"Boster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12388","article-title":"Best practices for intrathecal baclofen therapy: dosing and long\u2013term management","volume":"19","author":"Boster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0100","first-page":"23","article-title":"Objective measurement of clinical findings in the use of botulinum toxin type a for the management of children with cerebral palsy","volume":"6","author":"Boyd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v5.i3.110","article-title":"Effectiveness of repeated transplantations of hematopoietic stem cells in spinal cord injury","volume":"5","author":"Bryukhovetskiy","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Transplant."},{"issue":"1\u20136","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0110","first-page":"453","article-title":"Epidural spinal cord stimulation in spastic spinal cord injury patients","volume":"50","author":"Campos","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)91144-7","article-title":"Effects of dorsal cord stimulation on stretch reflexes","volume":"258","author":"Chapman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-014-0253-7","article-title":"Clinical observation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treatment for sequelae of thoracolumbar spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0125","first-page":"2868","article-title":"Chronic dorsal column stimulation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"73","author":"Cook","year":"1973","journal-title":"N. Y. State J. Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153838","article-title":"Recent progress in the regeneration of spinal cord injuries by induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Csobonyeiova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801345","article-title":"Implantable neural interfaces and wearable tactile systems for bidirectional neuroprosthetics systems","volume":"8","author":"Cutrone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Health Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000368905","article-title":"Chronic spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of cerebral and spinal spasticity","volume":"93","author":"Dekopov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52137-8.00012-7","article-title":"Spasticity","volume":"109","author":"Dietz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1089\/cns.1986.3.129","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: I. Clinical observations","volume":"3","author":"Dimitrijevic","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cent. Nerv. Syst. Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1089\/cns.1986.3.145","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: II. Neurophysiologic observations","volume":"3","author":"Dimitrijevic","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cent. Nerv. Syst. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09062.x","article-title":"Evidence for a spinal central pattern generator in humans","volume":"860","author":"Dimitrijevic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30383","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30383","article-title":"Long-term training with a brain-machine Interface-based gait protocol induces partial neurological recovery in paraplegic patients","volume":"6","author":"Donati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513488607","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury: complications and long-term dosage evolution","volume":"27","author":"Draulans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1425-1","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen therapy in Germany: proceedings of the IAB-interdisciplinary working group for movement disorders consensus meeting","volume":"122","author":"Dressler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00607","article-title":"A comparison of FES and SCS for Neuroplastic recovery after SCI: historical perspectives and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Duffell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.01.016","article-title":"Incidence and identification of intrathecal baclofen catheter malfunction","volume":"2","author":"Dvorak","year":"2010","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnv025","article-title":"Complications of spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation techniques: a review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Eldabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.3727\/096368913X664540","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow-derived cell therapy combined with physical therapy induces functional improvement in chronic spinal cord injury patients","volume":"23","author":"El-Kheir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.70","article-title":"Neuropathic pain and spasticity: intricate consequences of spinal cord injury","volume":"55","author":"Finnerup","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181c38da5","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord distribution of hyperbaric bupivacaine and baclofen during slow intrathecal infusion in pigs","volume":"112","author":"Flack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1772-1","article-title":"Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into neuron\/motoneuron-like cells for cell replacement therapy of spinal cord injury","volume":"108","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death and Disease"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0175-7","article-title":"Neuromodulation of lumbosacral spinal networks enables independent stepping after complete paraplegia","volume":"24","author":"Gill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3812","article-title":"A systematic review of experimental strategies aimed at improving motor function after acute and chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"33","author":"Gomes-Osman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.16346","article-title":"Short term effects of dynamic lycra splints on upper limb in hemiplegia patients","volume":"81","author":"Gracies","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1179\/174313208X281136","article-title":"Walking performance, medical outcomes and patient training in FES of innervated muscles for ambulation by thoracic-level complete paraplegics","volume":"30","author":"Graupe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1419291","article-title":"Experiences from intrathecal baclofen treatment based on medical records and patient-and proxy-reported outcome: a multicentre study","volume":"41","author":"Gunnarsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04341-7","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen therapy for treatment of spasticity in infants and small children under 6 years of age","volume":"36","author":"Hagemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.11.0551","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of spinal cord injury","volume":"132","author":"Hagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.04.022","article-title":"Adherence associated with oral medications in the treatment of spasticity","volume":"5","author":"Halpern","year":"2013","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"9781","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60547-3","article-title":"Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study","volume":"377","author":"Harkema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2011.0596","article-title":"An in vivo characterization of trophic factor production following neural precursor cell or bone marrow stromal cell transplantation for spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Hawryluk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968317704904","article-title":"Characterization of volitional electromyographic signals in the lower extremity after motor complete SCI","volume":"31","author":"Heald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.34","article-title":"The incidence and management of tolerance in intrathecal baclofen therapy","volume":"47","author":"Heetla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.156","article-title":"Tolerance to continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion can be reversed by pulsatile bolus infusion","volume":"48","author":"Heetla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-018-0153-4","article-title":"The dosage and administration of long-term intrathecal baclofen therapy for severe spasticity of spinal origin","volume":"56","author":"Kawano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061622","article-title":"Analysis of machine learning-based assessment for elbow spasticity using inertial sensors","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2000.0006","article-title":"In search of Alexander a. Maximow: the man behind the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis","volume":"43","author":"Konstantinov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perspect. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.06.020","article-title":"Complex dosing schedules for continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion","volume":"37","author":"Krach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"\u0435345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.033","article-title":"Traumatic spinal injury: global epidemiology and worldwide","volume":"113","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1149","article-title":"A systematic review of non-invasive pharmacologic neuroprotective treatments for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"28","author":"Kwon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2010-0596","article-title":"Spasticity: revisiting the role and the individual value of several pharmacological treatments","volume":"27","author":"Lapeyre","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7774","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1069-08.2008","article-title":"Facilitation of stepping with epidural stimulation in spinal rats: role of sensory input","volume":"28","author":"Lavrov","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c00929","article-title":"Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes immobilized in an adhesive hydrogel for effective treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb616","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-1726-7","article-title":"Exosome-shuttled miR-216a-5p from hypoxic preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by shifting microglial M1\/M2 polarization","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6512","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8795","article-title":"A latent lineage potential in resident neural stem cells enables spinal cord repair","volume":"370","author":"Llorens-Bobadilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.241","article-title":"Chemodenervation for treatment of limb spasticity following spinal cord injury: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Lui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.87","article-title":"Independent spinal cord atrophy measures correlate to motor and sensory deficits in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"49","author":"Lundell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1410-y","article-title":"Hypoxia preconditioning promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells survival by inducing HIF-1\u03b1 in injured neuronal cells derived exosomes culture system","volume":"102","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death and Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12278","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102568","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 enhances neuroprotective effects of neural stem cell exosomes after spinal cord injury via an miR-219a-2-3p\/YY1 mechanism","volume":"1124","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772313Y.0000000102","article-title":"Examining the effectiveness of intrathecal baclofen on spasticity in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"McIntyre","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.17.04796-7","article-title":"Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the modified Ashworth scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Meseguer-Henarejos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100532","article-title":"Epidural spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in spinal cord injury patients lacks long-term efficacy and is not cost-effective","volume":"36","author":"Midha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000437","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for management of limb spasticity: a systematic review","volume":"95","author":"Mills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2018.1432890","article-title":"A historical review of the evolution of the Tardieu scale","volume":"32","author":"Morris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.06.007","article-title":"Exacerbation of blood-brain barrier breakdown, edema formation, nitric oxide synthase upregulation and brain pathology after heat stroke in diabetic and hypertensive rats. Potential neuroprotection with cerebrolysin treatment","volume":"146","author":"Muresanu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12591","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for spasticity: historical approaches, current status, and future directions","volume":"20","author":"Nagel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13986","article-title":"Applications of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in spinal cord injury","volume":"141","author":"Nagoshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01652.x","article-title":"The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity\u2014from a basic science point of view","volume":"189","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.03.008","article-title":"Nanowired delivery of DL-3-n-butylphthalide induces superior neuroprotection in concussive head injury","volume":"245","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.03.016","article-title":"Artificial neural network learns clinical assessment of spasticity in modified Ashworth scale","volume":"100","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91487-9","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen alleviates spinal cord spasticity","volume":"1","author":"Penn","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906083202303","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen for severe spinal spasticity","volume":"320","author":"Penn","year":"1989","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.03.020","article-title":"Clinical experience with continuous intrathecal baclofen trials prior to pump implantation","volume":"7","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2018.08.004","article-title":"Adjuvant treatments associated with botulinum toxin injection for managing spasticity: an overview of the literature","volume":"62","author":"Picelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101040","article-title":"Epidural electrical stimulation of posterior structures of the human lumbosacral cord: 3. Control of spasticity","volume":"38","author":"Pinter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.06.010","article-title":"Quantifying the change of spasticity after intrathecal baclofen administration: a descriptive retrospective analysis","volume":"171","author":"Pittelkow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2019.00097","article-title":"Neuromusculoskeletal modeling-based prostheses for recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Pizzolato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurorobot."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0425","first-page":"275","article-title":"Vascular dysfunctions following spinal cord injury","volume":"3","author":"Popa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00965","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.965","article-title":"Eleven years\u2019 experience with Intrathecal Baclofen - Complications, risk factors","volume":"8","author":"Pucks-Faes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.09.124","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen trial before device implantation: 12-year experience with continuous administration","volume":"100","author":"Pucks-Faes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.10482","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen infusion pumps in the treatment of spasticity: a retrospective cohort study in a portuguese centre","volume":"32","author":"Reis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Medica Port."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01808963","article-title":"Percutaneous epidural neurostimulation in modulation of paraplegic spasticity. Six case reports","volume":"49","author":"Richardson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.3727\/096368915X686201","article-title":"The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in bone marrow stromal cell-mediated spinal cord repair","volume":"24","author":"Ritfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1571-8","article-title":"Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles attenuate apoptosis and neuroinflammation after traumatic spinal cord injury by activating autophagy","volume":"10","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.06.009","article-title":"Potentiation of spinal cord conduction and neuroprotection following nanodelivery of DL-3-n-butylphthalide in titanium implanted nanomaterial in a focal spinal cord injury induced functional outcome, blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown and edema formation","volume":"146","author":"Sahib","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25505","article-title":"Residual descending motor pathways influence spasticity after spinal cord injury","volume":"86","author":"Sangari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7872","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1106-19.2019","article-title":"Imbalanced corticospinal and reticulospinal contributions to spasticity in humans with spinal cord injury","volume":"39","author":"Sangari","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12467","article-title":"Best practices for intrathecal baclofen therapy: troubleshooting","volume":"19","author":"Saulino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12447","article-title":"Best practices for intrathecal baclofen therapy: patient selection","volume":"19","author":"Saulino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.06.008","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of a potent bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE-140 on microvascular permeability, blood flow disturbances, edema formation, cell injury and nitric oxide synthase upregulation following trauma to the spinal cord","volume":"146","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0480","article-title":"Newly regenerated axons through a cell-containing biomaterial scaffold promote reorganization of spinal circuitry and restoration of motor functions with epidural electrical stimulation","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0485","first-page":"77","article-title":"Electrical spinal cord stimulation for spastic movement disorders","volume":"44","author":"Siegfried","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020659","article-title":"Stem cells therapy for spinal cord injury: an overview of clinical trials","volume":"21","author":"Silvestro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002560","article-title":"Practice guideline update summary: botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, adult spasticity, and headache: report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"86","author":"Simpson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2017.1390930","article-title":"Comparison of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) for spasticity in spinal cord injury\u2014a pilot randomized cross-over trial","volume":"41","author":"Sivaramakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord Med."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(02)00207-2","article-title":"Pain and rehabilitation after spinal cord injury: the case of sensory spasticity?","volume":"40","author":"Sjolund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280407","article-title":"Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: a double-blind study","volume":"28","author":"Snow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-019-01361-5","article-title":"TGF-beta secretion by M2 macrophages induces glial scar formation by activating astrocytes in vitro","volume":"69","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.2927","article-title":"Role of endogenous neural stem cells in spinal cord injury and repair","volume":"72","author":"Stenudd","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310363585","article-title":"Procedure- and device-related complications of intrathecal baclofen administration for management of adult muscle hypertonia: a review","volume":"24","author":"Stetkarova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2015\/18\/E","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen in spinal spasticity: frequency and severity of withdrawal syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Stetkarova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugaya, K., Vaidya, M., 2018. Chapter 5: Stem Cell Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 61 - 84 K. L. Mettinger et al. (eds.), Exosomes, Stem Cells and MicroRNA, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1056, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-74470-4_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74470-4_5"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0535","article-title":"Systemic complications of spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Sweis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12010","article-title":"Rate of complications among the recipients of intrathecal baclofen pump in Japan: a multicenter study","volume":"16","author":"Taira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689719850088","article-title":"Functional multipotency of stem cells and recovery neurobiology of injured spinal cords","volume":"284","author":"Teng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Transplantation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp285","article-title":"Effects of baclofen on motor units paralyzed by chronic cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"133","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.11.026","article-title":"Neural stem cell derived extracellular vesicles: Attributes and prospects for treating neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"38","author":"Vogel","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"7729","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0649-2","article-title":"Targeted neurotechnology restores walking in humans with spinal cord injury","volume":"563","author":"Wagner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1\u20134 Pt. 2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0555","first-page":"288","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation: a quarter century of development and investigation. A review of its development and effectiveness in 1,336 cases","volume":"69","author":"Waltz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0833-2","article-title":"Spasticity treatment with botulinum toxins","volume":"115","author":"Ward","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4025","article-title":"Spatiotemporal neuromodulation therapies engaging muscle synergies improve motor control after spinal cord injury","volume":"22","author":"Wenger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2798-5","article-title":"The effect of baclofen and diazepam on motor skill acquisition in healthy subjects","volume":"213","author":"Willerslev-Olsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718766279","article-title":"Significant improvement of acute complete spinal cord injury patients diagnosed by a combined criteria implanted with NeuroRegen scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"27","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3994","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113994","article-title":"Clinical trials of stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7887","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007887","article-title":"Risk factors and the surgery affection of respiratory complication and its mortality after acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-006-0044-6","article-title":"Regeneration of the rat spinal cord after thoracic segmentectomy: restoration of the anatomical integrity of the spinal cord","volume":"36","author":"Yarygin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Behav. Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8735","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20198735","article-title":"Exosomes secreted from miRNA-29b-modified mesenchymal stem cells repaired spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"52","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.107927","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u201call-trans retinoic acid prevents epidural fibrosis through NF-kB signaling pathway in post-laminectomy rats\u201d [neuropharmacology 79 (2014) 275\u2013281]","volume":"172","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2017.11.009","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of spinal cord parenchyma lesion in rat with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"47","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S209636","article-title":"Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit complement activation in rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370219895491","article-title":"Neural stem cell-derived exosomes facilitate spinal cord functional recovery after injury by promoting angiogenesis","volume":"2451","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012_bb612","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.19-0282","article-title":"The repair and autophagy mechanisms of hypoxia-regulated bFGF-modified primary embryonic neural stem cells in spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Translational Medicine"}],"container-title":["Progress in Brain Research","Brain Protection Strategies and Nanomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0079612321001588?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0079612321001588?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:12:44Z","timestamp":1786119164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0079612321001588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9780323989275"],"references-count":133,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0079-6123"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0079-6123","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}