{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:43:05Z","timestamp":1789580585965,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780323955652","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T17:13:57Z","timestamp":1683047637000},"page":"93-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Phage therapy in gut microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1016","member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.88","article-title":"Gut microbiota and IBD: causation or correlation?","volume":"14","author":"Ni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0011-z","article-title":"The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome","volume":"15","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0209-8","article-title":"Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications","volume":"16","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j831","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j831","article-title":"The role of the microbiome in human health and disease: an introduction for clinicians","volume":"356","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550","article-title":"Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota","volume":"489","author":"Lozupone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.017","article-title":"Bacteriophages of the Human Gut: The \u201cKnown Unknown\u201d of the Microbiome","volume":"25","author":"Shkoporov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)20383-3","article-title":"An investigation on the nature of ultra-microscopic viruses","volume":"186","author":"Twort","year":"1915","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib8","first-page":"373","article-title":"Sur un microbe invisible antagoniste des bacilles dysenteriques","volume":"165","author":"D'Herelle","year":"1917","journal-title":"CR Acad Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2007.07.005","article-title":"On an invisible microbe antagonistic toward dysenteric bacilli: brief note by Mr. F. D'Herelle, presented by Mr. Roux. 1917","volume":"158","author":"D'Herelle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib10","first-page":"226","article-title":"On the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenza","volume":"10","author":"Fleming","year":"1929","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.10.001","article-title":"History of antimicrobial drug discovery: Major classes and health impact","volume":"133","author":"Aminov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.013","article-title":"Are we really vastly outnumbered? Revisiting the ratio of bacterial to host cells in humans","volume":"164","author":"Sender","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4517","article-title":"Current understanding of the human microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7674","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23889","article-title":"Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded Human Microbiome Project","volume":"550","author":"Lloyd-Price","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.011602.092259","article-title":"How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine","volume":"22","author":"Hooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326789","article-title":"Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights","volume":"71","author":"de Vos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00499-1","article-title":"The promise of the gut microbiome as part of individualized treatment strategies","volume":"19","author":"Schupack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5717","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104816","article-title":"Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine","volume":"307","author":"B\u00e4ckhed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci (N York, NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-041020-022206","article-title":"Translating microbiome research from and to the clinic","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01162-2","article-title":"Quantitative sequencing clarifies the role of disruptor taxa, oral microbiota, and strict anaerobes in the human small-intestine microbiome","volume":"9","author":"Barlow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2015.15.1.1","article-title":"Regulation of intestinal immune system by dendritic cells","volume":"15","author":"Ko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.121","article-title":"Antigen sampling by intestinal M cells is the principal pathway initiating mucosal IgA production to commensal enteric bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Rios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00126-19","article-title":"Spatial and temporal analysis of the stomach and small-intestinal microbiota in fasted healthy humans","volume":"4","author":"Seekatz","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSphere."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06173-x","article-title":"Mapping the segmental microbiomes in the human small bowel in comparison with stool: A Reimagine Study","volume":"65","author":"Leite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Digestive Dis Sci"},{"issue":"7285","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.133603","article-title":"High-throughput diversity and functionality analysis of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota","volume":"57","author":"Zoetendal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2942","article-title":"An integrated catalog of reference genes in the human gut microbiome","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0602-z","article-title":"Distinct microbial and immune niches of the human colon","volume":"21","author":"James","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316723","article-title":"Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises","volume":"67","author":"Cani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00536-z","article-title":"Bacteriophages and their potential for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"19","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150","article-title":"The global burden of IBD: from 2015 to 2025","volume":"12","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib32","first-page":"00506","article-title":"Microbiome-phage interactions in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"S1198-743X","author":"Federici","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiology Infect: Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiology Infect Dis"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.008","article-title":"Gut-innervating nociceptors regulate the intestinal microbiota to promote tissue protection","volume":"185","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.11.001","article-title":"Human gut bacterial metabolism drives Th17 activation and colitis","volume":"30","author":"Alexander","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.08.018","article-title":"Immune chromatin reader SP140 regulates microbiota and risk for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"30","author":"Fraschilla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922189117","article-title":"Defined microbiota transplant restores Th17\/ROR\u03b3t+ regulatory T cell balance in mice colonized with inflammatory bowel disease microbiotas","volume":"117","author":"Britton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309333","article-title":"Dysbiotic gut microbiota causes transmissible Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of failure in antimicrobial defence","volume":"65","author":"Schaubeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i3.1078","article-title":"Role of antibiotics for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Nitzan","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.09.010","article-title":"Host happy hour: Phage cocktail targets IBD-associated microbes","volume":"30","author":"Fuerte-Stone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"issue":"7758","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1237-9","article-title":"Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"569","author":"Lloyd-Price","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700661","article-title":"Invasive Escherichia coli are a feature of Crohn's disease","volume":"87","author":"Sasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation; a J Technical Methods Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21899","article-title":"Characterization of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli isolated from pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Negroni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.054","article-title":"The commensal microbiota and enteropathogens in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"140","author":"Chassaing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.009","article-title":"The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead","volume":"146","author":"Kostic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients","volume":"105","author":"Sokol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304833","article-title":"A decrease of the butyrate-producing species Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"63","author":"Machiels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2729-3","article-title":"Host-microbiota maladaptation in colorectal cancer","volume":"585","author":"Janney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib48","first-page":"355","article-title":"Tumor induction in germfree rats with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) and synthetic MAM acetate","volume":"39","author":"Laqueur","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib49","first-page":"287","article-title":"Colon carcinogenesis with azoxymethane and dimethylhydrazine in germ-free rats","volume":"35","author":"Reddy","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.08.022","article-title":"Gavage of fecal samples from patients with colorectal cancer promotes intestinal carcinogenesis in germ-free and conventional mice","volume":"153","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28913-5","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum reduces METTL3-mediated m6A modification and contributes to colorectal cancer metastasis","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.012","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin\/\u03b2-catenin signaling via its FadA adhesin","volume":"14","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.009","article-title":"Peptostreptococcus anaerobius induces intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis in colon cells to induce proliferation and causes dysplasia in mice","volume":"152","author":"Tsoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320105","article-title":"A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurised bacterium blunts colitis associated tumourigenesis by modulation of CD8+ T cells in mice","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.015","article-title":"Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"184","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.85","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD","volume":"13","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0061-3","article-title":"Molecular phenomics and metagenomics of hepatic steatosis in non-diabetic obese women","volume":"24","author":"Hoyles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(17)60019-5","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary & Pancreat Dis Int: HBPD INT"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.02.015","article-title":"Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Raman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterology Hepatology: Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterological Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.08.002","article-title":"Gut microbiome-based metagenomic signature for non-invasive detection of advanced fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"30","author":"Loomba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26093","article-title":"Characterization of gut microbiomes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients: a connection between endogenous alcohol and NASH","volume":"57","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010056","article-title":"Understanding the role of the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Current evidence and perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Vallianou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28356","article-title":"The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota","volume":"63","author":"Boursier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Aron-Wisnewsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303816","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota determines development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice","volume":"62","author":"Le Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7384","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10809","article-title":"Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity","volume":"482","author":"Henao-Mejia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4485","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415174111","article-title":"Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity","volume":"111","author":"Leclercq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1018","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00245.2016","article-title":"Precision medicine in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"311","author":"Bluemel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.08.006","article-title":"Probiotics restore bowel flora and improve liver enzymes in human alcohol-induced liver injury: a pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Kirpich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol (Fayetteville, NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-14-40","article-title":"Changes in gut bacterial populations and their translocation into liver and ascites in alcoholic liver cirrhotics","volume":"14","author":"Tuomisto","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12661","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012661","article-title":"Role of intestinal microbes in chronic liver diseases","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310585","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota contributes to individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Llopis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G966","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00380.2011","article-title":"Colonic microbiome is altered in alcoholism","volume":"302","author":"Mutlu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1785251","article-title":"Changes in the fecal bacterial microbiota associated with disease severity in alcoholic hepatitis patients","volume":"12","author":"Lang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24018","article-title":"Enteric dysbiosis associated with a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"53","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90562","article-title":"Intestinal fungi contribute to development of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"127","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30832","article-title":"Intestinal fungal dysbiosis and systemic immune response to fungi in patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"71","author":"Lang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.699253","article-title":"Dynamic changes of the fungal microbiome in alcohol use disorder","volume":"12","author":"Hartmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3390\/v9060141","article-title":"The human gut phage community and its implications for health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Manrique","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.02.007","article-title":"Rethinking phage-bacteria-eukaryotic relationships and their influence on human health","volume":"29","author":"Wahida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"issue":"7285","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7402","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome","volume":"486","author":"Human Microbiome Project Consortium","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14280","article-title":"Review article: the human intestinal virome in health and disease","volume":"46","author":"Carding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"7809","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2192-1","article-title":"The stepwise assembly of the neonatal virome is modulated by breastfeeding","volume":"581","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11941","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1514285112","article-title":"Gut DNA viromes of Malawian twins discordant for severe acute malnutrition","volume":"112","author":"Reyes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3950","article-title":"Early life dynamics of the human gut virome and bacterial microbiome in infants","volume":"21","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7304","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09199","article-title":"Viruses in the faecal microbiota of monozygotic twins and their mothers","volume":"466","author":"Reyes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10400","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1601060113","article-title":"Healthy human gut phageome","volume":"113","author":"Manrique","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318292477c","article-title":"Bacteriophages in gut samples from pediatric Crohn's disease patients: metagenomic analysis using 454 pyrosequencing","volume":"19","author":"Wagner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002140","article-title":"Enteric virome and bacterial microbiota in children with ulcerative colitis and crohn disease","volume":"68","author":"Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatric Gastroenterology Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa094","article-title":"Dynamics of the stool virome in very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.002","article-title":"Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"160","author":"Norman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.008","article-title":"Expansion of bacteriophages is linked to aggravated intestinal inflammation and colitis","volume":"25","author":"Gogokhia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.04.010","article-title":"Immune-bacteriophage interactions in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"49","author":"Gogokhia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0452-1","article-title":"Phages infecting Faecalibacterium prausnitzii belong to novel viral genera that help to decipher intestinal viromes","volume":"6","author":"Cornuault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0210-y","article-title":"Murine colitis reveals a disease-associated bacteriophage community","volume":"3","author":"Duerkop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4485","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415174111","article-title":"Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity","volume":"111","author":"Leclercq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.10.013","article-title":"Filamentous bacteriophage promote biofilm assembly and function","volume":"18","author":"Secor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"issue":"5270","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1910","article-title":"Lysogenic conversion by a filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin","volume":"272","author":"Waldor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sci (N York, NY)"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18321","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406199111","article-title":"Microbiota organization is a distinct feature of proximal colorectal cancers","volume":"111","author":"Dejea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.04.011","article-title":"Metabolism links bacterial biofilms and colon carcinogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01874-17","article-title":"Bacteriophage transcytosis provides a mechanism to cross epithelial cell layers","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02057-3","article-title":"Internalization of a polysialic acid-binding Escherichia coli bacteriophage into eukaryotic neuroblastoma cells","volume":"8","author":"Lehti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.07.005","article-title":"Intestinal virome signature associated with severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"159","author":"Lang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31459","article-title":"Intestinal virome in patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"72","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-016-1166-x","article-title":"Phage therapy in bacterial infections treatment: One hundred years after the discovery of bacteriophages","volume":"74","author":"Cisek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4161\/bact.1.2.15845","article-title":"Phage treatment of human infections","volume":"1","author":"Abedon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bacteriophage."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib108","article-title":"Clinical phage microbiology: a narrative summary","volume":"16","author":"Suh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Microbiology Infect: Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiology Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.017","article-title":"Phage therapy: From biological mechanisms to future directions","volume":"186","author":"Strathdee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15557","article-title":"Review article: bacteriophages in gastroenterology-from biology to clinical applications","volume":"51","author":"Sabino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2022.22.e44","article-title":"Microbial modulation in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14661","article-title":"Gut dysbacteriosis and intestinal disease: mechanism and treatment","volume":"129","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiology"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11671","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i32.11671","article-title":"Role of adherent invasive Escherichia coli in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314903","article-title":"Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"67","author":"Palmela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325971","article-title":"Role of adherent and invasive Escherichia coli in Crohn\u2019s disease: lessons from the postoperative recurrence model","volume":"72","author":"Buisson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac064","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of an AIEC-targeted bacteriophage cocktail in a mice colitis model","volume":"16","author":"Tit\u00e9cat","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib117","first-page":"840","article-title":"Bacteriophages targeting adherent invasive Escherichia coli strains as a promising new treatment for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Galtier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.560678","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae increases the risk of inflammation and colitis in a murine model of intestinal bowel disease","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091868","article-title":"Insight into the Relationship between Oral Microbiota and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.11.005","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae Induces inflammatory bowel disease through Caspase-11-Mediated IL18 in the gut epithelial cells","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848231156285","article-title":"Short- and long-term follow-up after fecal microbiota transplantation as treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"van Lingen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib122","first-page":"20","article-title":"FMT: What's Next? A narrative review of fecal microbiota transplantation in Clostridioides difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"105","author":"Patwa","year":"2022","journal-title":"RI Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2022.2121175","article-title":"Impact of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients admitted with ulcerative colitis","volume":"58","author":"Gros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122772","article-title":"Diversity, dynamics and therapeutic application of Clostridioides difficile bacteriophages","volume":"14","author":"Nale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11070819","article-title":"The current knowledge on Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"11","author":"Boeriu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1353848","article-title":"The risk of inflammatory bowel disease flares after fecal microbiota transplantation: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Qazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.02.018","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease affects the outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"14","author":"Khoruts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterology Hepatology: Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterological Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz299","article-title":"Efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent C. Difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"26","author":"Tariq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000908","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation is safe and efficacious for recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Fischer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib130","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clostridioides difficile - phage relationship the RNA way","volume":"66","author":"Kreis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr OpMicrobiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuab012","article-title":"Clostridioides difficile phage biology and application","volume":"45","author":"Heuler","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00184","article-title":"Clostridium difficile phages: still difficult?","volume":"5","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4161\/bact.29866","article-title":"Bacteriophage behavioral ecology","volume":"4","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bacteriophage."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1057892","article-title":"Phage therapy for Clostridioides difficile infection","volume":"13","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1006\/anae.1999.0192","article-title":"Prevention of Clostridium difficile-induced ileocecitis with bacteriophage","volume":"5","author":"Ramesh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2010.08.006","article-title":"Bacteriophage treatment significantly reduces viable Clostridium difficile and prevents toxin production in an in vitro model system","volume":"16","author":"Meader","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2013.05.001","article-title":"Evaluation of bacteriophage therapy to control Clostridium difficile and toxin production in an in vitro human colon model system","volume":"22","author":"Meader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7010013","article-title":"Efficacy of an optimised bacteriophage cocktail to clear Clostridium difficile in a batch fermentation model","volume":"7","author":"Nale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antibiotics."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01774-15","article-title":"Bacteriophage combinations significantly reduce Clostridium difficile growth in vitro and proliferation in vivo","volume":"60","author":"Nale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112262","article-title":"Impact of phage CDHS-1 on the transcription, physiology and pathogenicity of a Clostridioides difficile ribotype 027 Strain, R20291","volume":"13","author":"Nale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037263","article-title":"Diverse temperate bacteriophage carriage in Clostridium difficile 027 strains","volume":"7","author":"Nale","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00686-08","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a Clostridium difficile bacteriophage and its cloned biologically active endolysin","volume":"190","author":"Mayer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01750","article-title":"Crystal structures of R-Type bacteriocin sheath and tube proteins CD1363 and CD1364 from Clostridium difficile in the pre-assembled state","volume":"9","author":"Schwemmlein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6240","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01272-12","article-title":"Novel high-molecular-weight, R-type bacteriocins of Clostridium difficile","volume":"194","author":"Gebhart","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02368-14","article-title":"A modified R-type bacteriocin specifically targeting Clostridium difficile prevents colonization of mice without affecting gut microbiota diversity","volume":"6","author":"Gebhart","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib146","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of novel Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteriophages","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45549-6","article-title":"Genomic, morphological and functional characterisation of novel bacteriophage FNU1 capable of disrupting Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms","volume":"9","author":"Kabwe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0423-2","article-title":"Phage-guided modulation of the gut microbiota of mouse models of colorectal cancer augments their responses to chemotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7243","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01135-10","article-title":"Isolation of a novel bacteriophage specific for the periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum","volume":"76","author":"Machuca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.10.013","article-title":"Complete genome sequences and analysis of the Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies animalis 7-1 bacteriophage \u0278Funu1 and \u0278Funu2","volume":"38","author":"Cochrane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba1590","article-title":"Bioinorganic hybrid bacteriophage for modulation of intestinal microbiota to remodel tumor-immune microenvironment against colorectal cancer","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.08.018","article-title":"Fatty liver disease caused by high-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"30","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58111559","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation in NAFLD treatment","volume":"58","author":"Abenavoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"7783","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1742-x","article-title":"Bacteriophage targeting of gut bacterium attenuates alcoholic liver disease","volume":"575","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030490","article-title":"Immune response of an oral Enterococcus faecalis phage cocktail in a mouse model of ethanol-induced Liver disease","volume":"14","author":"Mendes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-009-0064-z","article-title":"Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis by phage therapy in chronic bacterial prostatitis--case report","volume":"54","author":"Letkiewicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040366","article-title":"Evaluation of phage therapy in the context of Enterococcus faecalis and its associated diseases","volume":"11","author":"Bolocan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.014","article-title":"Phage therapy: A renewed approach to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria","volume":"25","author":"Kortright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091420","article-title":"Phage Therapy in Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01352","article-title":"More Is Better: Selecting for broad host range bacteriophages","volume":"7","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14101019","article-title":"Phage cocktail development for bacteriophage therapy: Toward improving spectrum of activity breadth and depth","volume":"14","author":"Abedon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-021-00480-z","article-title":"Engineered bacteriophage therapeutics: rationale, challenges and future","volume":"35","author":"\u0141obocka","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioDrugs: Clin Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals Gene Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.003","article-title":"Intestinal virome and therapeutic potential of bacteriophages in liver disease","volume":"75","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2017.1265447","article-title":"Delivering phage therapy per os: benefits and barriers","volume":"15","author":"Zelasko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-Infective Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/s2175-97902018000117093","article-title":"Phage therapy: progress in pharmacokinetics","volume":"54","author":"Qadir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21572","article-title":"Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review","volume":"39","author":"D\u0105browska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicinal Res Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186239","article-title":"Microencapsulation of Clostridium difficile specific bacteriophages using microfluidic glass capillary devices for colon delivery using pH triggered release","volume":"12","author":"Vinner","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02422.x","article-title":"Bacteriophage penetration in vertebrates","volume":"98","author":"Dabrowska","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00044.x","article-title":"Bacteriophage translocation","volume":"46","author":"G\u00f3rski","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Immunology Med Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00376","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy: Clinical trials and regulatory hurdles","volume":"8","author":"Furfaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science","Phage Therapy - Part B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877117323001138?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877117323001138?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T15:13:25Z","timestamp":1753283605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877117323001138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9780323955652"],"references-count":170,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-1173"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-1173","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}