{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T07:38:55Z","timestamp":1775633935264,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780323992251","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T07:37:27Z","timestamp":1658129847000},"page":"231-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Stimulation of osteoclast formation and bone resorption by glucocorticoids: Synergistic interactions with the calcium regulating hormones parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3"],"prefix":"10.1016","member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0010","article-title":"Low-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy and risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cohort study using the clinical practice research datalink","author":"Abtahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02460","article-title":"A Jack of all trades: Impact of glucocorticoids on cellular cross-talk in Osteoimmunology","volume":"10","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0025","first-page":"CD001347","article-title":"Bisphosphonates for steroid-induced osteoporosis","volume":"10","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3476-4","article-title":"Efficacy of osteoporosis pharmacotherapies in preventing fracture among oral glucocorticoid users: A network meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Amiche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI134214","article-title":"Osteocyte necrosis triggers osteoclast-mediated bone loss through macrophage-inducible C-type lectin","volume":"130","author":"Andreev","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14295","article-title":"Alendronate and hip fracture in patients using glucocorticoids-reply","volume":"318","author":"Axelsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.8.1496","article-title":"Colocalization of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in human bone","volume":"16","author":"Beavan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0050","first-page":"318","article-title":"Alcohol-induced Cushing syndrome. Hypercortisolism caused by alcohol abuse","volume":"69","author":"Besemer","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Netherlands Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.06.016","article-title":"Transcription factor AP1 potentiates chromatin accessibility and glucocorticoid receptor binding","volume":"43","author":"Biddie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01841","article-title":"Chronic glucocorticoid treatment alters spontaneous pulsatile parathyroid hormone secretory dynamics in human subjects","volume":"152","author":"Bonadonna","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00126","article-title":"Skeletal and Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: Current evidence and outstanding questions","volume":"40","author":"Bouillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9684-4","article-title":"Acute effects of glucocorticoids on serum markers of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes","volume":"92","author":"Brabnikova Maresova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.4223","article-title":"Regulation of osteoprotegerin secretion from primary cultures of human bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"280","author":"Brandstrom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-112-3-931","article-title":"Effect of glucocorticoids on type I collagen synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and deoxyribonucleic acid content in cultured rat calvariae","volume":"112","author":"Canalis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02405312","article-title":"Effect of cortisol on periosteal and nonperiosteal collagen and DNA synthesis in cultured rat calvariae","volume":"36","author":"Canalis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-005-0017-7","article-title":"Mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in bone","volume":"3","author":"Canalis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current Osteoporosis Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.11.026","article-title":"Perspectives on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","volume":"34","author":"Canalis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0394-0","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and therapy","volume":"18","author":"Canalis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1588-2","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: An update","volume":"61","author":"Compston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111008","article-title":"Stimulation of neonatal mouse calvarial bone resorption by the glucocorticoids hydrocortisone and dexamethasone","volume":"11","author":"Conaway","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1550513","article-title":"Differential effects of glucocorticoids on bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvariae stimulated by peptide and steroid-like hormones","volume":"155","author":"Conaway","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.08.024","article-title":"Activation of dimeric glucocorticoid receptors in osteoclast progenitors potentiates RANKL induced mature osteoclast bone resorbing activity","volume":"93","author":"Conaway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14394","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802729RRR","article-title":"Glucocorticoids employ the monomeric glucocorticoid receptor to potentiate vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone-induced osteoclastogenesis","volume":"33","author":"Conaway","year":"2019","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31425","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.247734","article-title":"Retinoids stimulate periosteal bone resorption by enhancing the protein RANKL, a response inhibited by monomeric glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"286","author":"Conaway","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.1.97","article-title":"Comparison of trabecular bone microarchitecture and remodeling in glucocorticoid-induced and postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"16","author":"Dalle Carbonare","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2015.11.001","article-title":"Vitamin D: Historical overview","volume":"100","author":"DeLuca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vitamins and Hormones"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1540397","article-title":"Glucocorticoids inhibit bone resorption by isolated rat osteoclasts by enhancing apoptosis","volume":"154","author":"Dempster","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e631","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20140626-54","article-title":"Osteonecrosis following short-term, low-dose oral corticosteroids: A population-based study of 24 million patients","volume":"37","author":"Dilisio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0164","article-title":"Immediate fall of bone formation and transient increase of bone resorption in the course of high-dose, short-term glucocorticoid therapy in young patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"89","author":"Dovio","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8393","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa565","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory functions of the glucocorticoid receptor require DNA binding","volume":"48","author":"Escoter-Torres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20217","article-title":"Regulation of RANKL promoter activity is associated with histone remodeling in murine bone stromal cells","volume":"93","author":"Fan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0170","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor condensates link DNA-dependent receptor dimerization and transcriptional transactivation","volume":"118","author":"Frank","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2895-8_8","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","volume":"872","author":"Frenkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48868","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208494200","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone stimulates receptor activator of NFkappa B ligand and inhibits osteoprotegerin expression via protein kinase a activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein","volume":"277","author":"Fu","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6453","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00356-06","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone controls receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand gene expression via a distant transcriptional enhancer","volume":"26","author":"Fu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2096","article-title":"Physiological functions of osteoblast lineage and T cell-derived RANKL in bone homeostasis","volume":"29","author":"Fumoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0734","article-title":"Targeted deletion of a distant transcriptional enhancer of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand gene reduces bone remodeling and increases bone mass","volume":"149","author":"Galli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650051206","article-title":"Glucocorticoids stimulate resorption in fetal rat parietal bones in vitro","volume":"5","author":"Gronowicz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0051","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor alpha isoform-selective regulation of antiapoptotic genes in osteosarcoma cells: A new mechanism for glucocorticoid resistance","volume":"25","author":"Gross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8668","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.18.8668","article-title":"Transfected human liver cytochrome P-450 hydroxylates vitamin D analogs at different side-chain positions","volume":"90","author":"Guo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2015","article-title":"Molecular actions of glucocorticoids in cartilage and bone during health, disease, and steroid therapy","volume":"96","author":"Hartmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06726.x","article-title":"A distinct modulating domain in glucocorticoid receptor monomers in the repression of activity of the transcription factor AP-1","volume":"13","author":"Heck","year":"1994","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.06.013","article-title":"Corticosterone selectively targets endo-cortical surfaces by an osteoblast-dependent mechanism","volume":"49","author":"Henneicke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1750155","article-title":"Effect of corticosteroids on human osteoclast formation and activity","volume":"175","author":"Hirayama","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.10.7034","article-title":"Stimulation of osteoprotegerin ligand and inhibition of osteoprotegerin production by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineage cells: Potential paracrine mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","volume":"140","author":"Hofbauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.03.015","article-title":"Vitamin D is not as toxic as was once thought: A historical and an up-to-date perspective","volume":"90","author":"Holick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"issue":"6047","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/318635a0","article-title":"Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA","volume":"318","author":"Hollenberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.241","article-title":"Calpain-6, a target molecule of glucocorticoids, regulates osteoclastic bone resorption via cytoskeletal organization and microtubule acetylation","volume":"26","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3540","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand","volume":"96","author":"Hsu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03780-1","article-title":"Cryptic glucocorticoid receptor-binding sites pervade genomic NF-kappaB response elements","volume":"9","author":"Hudson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.10.004","article-title":"Effects of dissociated glucocorticoids on OPG and RANKL in osteoblastic cells","volume":"38","author":"Humphrey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.3.715.715","article-title":"Effect of glucocorticoids on the biologic activities of myeloma cells: Inhibition of interleukin-1 beta osteoclast activating factor-induced bone resorption","volume":"75","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.07.012","article-title":"Glucocorticoids induce the differentiation of a mesenchymal progenitor cell line, ROB-C26 into adipocytes and osteoblasts, but fail to induce terminal osteoblast differentiation","volume":"40","author":"Ito","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.759","article-title":"Chromatin accessibility pre-determines glucocorticoid receptor binding patterns","volume":"43","author":"John","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22234-9","article-title":"Genome-wide binding potential and regulatory activity of the glucocorticoid receptor's monomeric and dimeric forms","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.582S","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of vitamin D toxicity","volume":"88","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993170","article-title":"Relationship between endogenous parathyroid hormone and bone metabolism\/geometry in female patients treated with glucocorticoid","volume":"40","author":"Kaji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hormone and Metabolic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0315","article-title":"Transcriptional control of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand by the protein kinase a activator forskolin and the transmembrane glycoprotein 130-activating cytokine, oncostatin M, is exerted through multiple distal enhancers","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6469","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00353-06","article-title":"Activation of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand gene expression by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is mediated through multiple long-range enhancers","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28084","article-title":"Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation via the osteoclast","volume":"116","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10567","article-title":"Vitamin D3 supports osteoclastogenesis via functional vitamin D response element of human RANKL gene promoter","volume":"89","author":"Kitazawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.6251","article-title":"Vitamin D(3) augments osteoclastogenesis via vitamin D-responsive element of mouse RANKL gene promoter","volume":"290","author":"Kitazawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(99)00032-9","article-title":"Promoter structure of mouse RANKL\/TRANCE\/OPGL\/ODF gene","volume":"1445","author":"Kitazawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108762","article-title":"Intestinal calcium absorption in exogenous hypercortisonism. Role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and corticosteroid dose","volume":"60","author":"Klein","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"6984","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02444","article-title":"Costimulatory signals mediated by the ITAM motif cooperate with RANKL for bone homeostasis","volume":"428","author":"Koga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.9.1667","article-title":"Cyclic adenosine monophosphate\/protein kinase a mediates parathyroid hormone\/parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor regulation of osteoclastogenesis and expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin mRNAs by marrow stromal cells","volume":"17","author":"Kondo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"6717","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/16852","article-title":"OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis","volume":"397","author":"Kong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0350","first-page":"60","article-title":"The action of corticosteroids on the renal reabsorption of calcium","volume":"34","author":"Laake","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00804-9","article-title":"Regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin mRNA expression by parathyroid hormone is predominantly mediated by the protein kinase a pathway in murine bone marrow cultures","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9320","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.782607","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor binding to chromatin is selectively controlled by the coregulator Hic-5 and chromatin remodeling enzymes","volume":"292","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.188581.114","article-title":"Genomic redistribution of GR monomers and dimers mediates transcriptional response to exogenous glucocorticoid in vivo","volume":"25","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.10.169","article-title":"High dietary intake of retinol leads to bone marrow hypoxia and diaphyseal endosteal mineralization in rats","volume":"48","author":"Lind","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0316","article-title":"Clinically relevant doses of vitamin a decrease cortical bone mass in mice","volume":"239","author":"Lionikaite","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301242","article-title":"Prevention of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in osteocytes and osteoblasts by calbindin-D28k","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031054","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor regulates TNFSF11 transcription by binding to glucocorticoid responsive element in TNFSF11 proximal promoter region","volume":"22","author":"Lovsin","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298799","article-title":"Serum blocks the osteolytic effect of cortisol in neonatal mouse calvaria","volume":"50","author":"Lowe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7143","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00253-07","article-title":"Selective regulation of bone cell apoptosis by translational isoforms of the glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1976.03630110025009","article-title":"Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in man. Effect of corticosteroids","volume":"136","author":"Lukert","year":"1976","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250974","article-title":"Deletion of a putative promoter-proximal Tnfsf11 regulatory region in mice does not alter bone mass or Tnfsf11 expression in vivo","volume":"16","author":"MacLeod","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205283262206","article-title":"Nontraumatic necrosis of bone (osteonecrosis)","volume":"326","author":"Mankin","year":"1992","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00550","article-title":"Vitamin D toxicity-a clinical perspective","volume":"9","author":"Marcinowska-Suchowierska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-5-2699","article-title":"Cortisol modulates the actions of interleukin-1 alpha on bone formation, resorption, and prostaglandin production in cultured mouse parietal bones","volume":"129","author":"Marusic","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1146-8","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: Pathophysiological role of GH\/IGF-I and PTH\/VITAMIN D axes, treatment options and guidelines","volume":"54","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6158","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401602101","article-title":"The immunomodulatory adapter proteins DAP12 and fc receptor gamma-chain (FcRgamma) regulate development of functional osteoclasts through the Syk tyrosine kinase","volume":"101","author":"Mocsai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0435","first-page":"955","article-title":"Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) in children with primary nephrotic syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Mohamed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa178","article-title":"The vitamin D receptor in osteoblast-lineage cells is essential for the Proresorptive activity of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in vivo","volume":"161","author":"Mori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.04.005","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in bone cells","volume":"18","author":"Moutsatsou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.5.6691","article-title":"Positive and negative regulations of the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase gene by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in intact animals","volume":"140","author":"Murayama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.344140019","article-title":"From the radiologic pathology archives imaging of osteonecrosis: Radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"34","author":"Murphey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2452","article-title":"Evidence for osteocyte regulation of bone homeostasis through RANKL expression","volume":"17","author":"Nakashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0380","article-title":"An enhancer 20 kilobases upstream of the human receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand gene mediates dominant activation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"22","author":"Nerenz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0470","series-title":"Endotext","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Receptor","author":"Nicolaides","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.02.001","article-title":"Diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in the modern era","volume":"47","author":"Nieman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2158","article-title":"Urinary cortisol and catecholamine excretion after burn injury in children","volume":"93","author":"Norbury","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2005.07.004","article-title":"Effect of ultrastructural changes on the toughness of bone","volume":"36","author":"Nyman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Micron"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27857","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.39.27857","article-title":"The dominant negative activity of the human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Specificity and mechanisms of action","volume":"274","author":"Oakley","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0990","article-title":"Glucocorticoids act directly on osteoblasts and osteocytes to induce their apoptosis and reduce bone formation and strength","volume":"145","author":"O'Brien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.01.117","article-title":"Glucocorticoid suppresses the canonical Wnt signal in cultured human osteoblasts","volume":"329","author":"Ohnaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00036.2016","article-title":"Osteoimmunology: The conceptual framework unifying the immune and skeletal systems","volume":"97","author":"Okamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510160200","article-title":"Inhibition of hormone and cytokine-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 is associated with increased osteoprotegerin and decreased RANKL and RANK in a STAT6-dependent pathway","volume":"281","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.11.002","article-title":"Non-genomic effects of glucocorticoids: An updated view","volume":"40","author":"Panettieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24790","article-title":"The cooperation of CREB and NFAT is required for PTHrP-induced RANKL expression in mouse osteoblastic cells","volume":"230","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650101114","article-title":"Intact parathyroid hormone levels are not elevated in glucocorticoid-treated subjects","volume":"10","author":"Paz-Pacheco","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00687-7","article-title":"Effects of cortisol and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on stromal cell differentiation: Correlation with CCAAT-enhancer binding protein expression","volume":"30","author":"Pereira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.02.005","article-title":"Suppression of autophagy in osteocytes does not modify the adverse effects of glucocorticoids on cortical bone","volume":"75","author":"Piemontese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E587","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00219.2016","article-title":"Cortical bone loss caused by glucocorticoid excess requires RANKL production by osteocytes and is associated with reduced OPG expression in mice","volume":"311","author":"Piemontese","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8236","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606774113","article-title":"DNA binding triggers tetramerization of the glucocorticoid receptor in live cells","volume":"113","author":"Presman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001813","article-title":"Live cell imaging unveils multiple domain requirements for in vivo dimerization of the glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"12","author":"Presman","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0555","first-page":"212","article-title":"Effect of corticosteroids on calcium metabolism","volume":"17","author":"Raisz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Progress in Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"4023","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1126\/science.175.4023.768","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol: A potent stimulator of bone resorption in tissue culture","volume":"175","author":"Raisz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-90-4-961","article-title":"Effect of glucocorticoids on bone resorption in tissue culture","volume":"90","author":"Raisz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.05.005","article-title":"Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation by attenuating osteoblast differentiation via the monomeric glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"11","author":"Rauch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.2.752","article-title":"Physical association and functional antagonism between the p65 subunit of transcription factor NF-kappa B and the glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"91","author":"Ray","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.097022.109","article-title":"Genomic determination of the glucocorticoid response reveals unexpected mechanisms of gene regulation","volume":"19","author":"Reddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81183-6","article-title":"DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor is not essential for survival","volume":"93","author":"Reichardt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556593","article-title":"The effects of hydrocortisone, parathyroid hormone and the bisphosphonate, APD, on bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvaria","volume":"38","author":"Reid","year":"1986","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02409454","article-title":"Role of osteoblasts in hormonal control of bone resorption--a hypothesis","volume":"33","author":"Rodan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13845","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2336092100","article-title":"Target-specific utilization of transcriptional regulatory surfaces by the glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"100","author":"Rogatsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-012101","article-title":"Clinical review 151: The role of parathyroid hormone in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: A re-examination of the evidence","volume":"87","author":"Rubin","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.3.5778","article-title":"Dexamethasone promotes expression of membrane-bound macrophage colony-stimulating factor in murine osteoblast-like cells","volume":"139","author":"Rubin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00742-1","article-title":"Changes in osteoprotegerin and markers of bone metabolism during glucocorticoid treatment in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis","volume":"30","author":"Sasaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.3.479","article-title":"Glucocorticoid decreases circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG): Possible mechanism for glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis","volume":"16","author":"Sasaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0418-y","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor binds half sites as a monomer and regulates specific target genes","volume":"15","author":"Schiller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.3.8119150","article-title":"Dexamethasone stimulates osteoclast-like cell formation by inhibiting granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in mouse bone marrow cultures","volume":"134","author":"Shuto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.65","article-title":"Extensive chromatin remodelling and establishment of transcription factor 'hotspots' during early adipogenesis","volume":"30","author":"Siersbaek","year":"2011","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80209-3","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin: A novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density","volume":"89","author":"Simonet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041233","article-title":"Influence of glucocorticoids on human osteoclast generation and activity","volume":"20","author":"Sivagurunathan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406294200","article-title":"Glucocorticoids inhibit the transcriptional activity of LEF\/TCF in differentiating osteoblasts in a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta-dependent and -independent manner","volume":"280","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.113","article-title":"Glucocorticoids maintain human osteoclasts in the active mode of their resorption cycle","volume":"25","author":"Soe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(61)90069-9","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome. A study of fifty patients","volume":"30","author":"Soffer","year":"1961","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1548-3","article-title":"Oral glucocorticoid use is associated with an increased risk of fracture","volume":"15","author":"Steinbuch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28321-5","article-title":"Inhibition by steroids of parathyroid hormone-induced Ca45 release from embryonic rat bone in vitro","volume":"168","author":"Stern","year":"1969","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.20.3.0367","article-title":"Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the new members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families","volume":"20","author":"Suda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0717","article-title":"Glucocorticoid regulation of osteoclast differentiation and expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) ligand, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of NF-kappaB in mouse calvarial bones","volume":"147","author":"Swanson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44667","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300213200","article-title":"Dexamethasone enhances osteoclast formation synergistically with transforming growth factor-beta by stimulating the priming of osteoclast progenitors for differentiation into osteoclasts","volume":"278","author":"Takuma","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2016-1070","article-title":"Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"37","author":"Tebben","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-3-1290","article-title":"Glucocorticoids impair bone resorptive activity and viability of osteoclasts disaggregated from neonatal rat long bones","volume":"125","author":"Tobias","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-4-1805","article-title":"The bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines MC3T3-G2\/PA6 and ST2 support osteoclast-like cell differentiation in cocultures with mouse spleen cells","volume":"125","author":"Udagawa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11283","article-title":"Bone density threshold and other predictors of vertebral fracture in patients receiving oral glucocorticoid therapy","volume":"48","author":"Van Staa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980200108","article-title":"The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: A meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"van Staa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0710","article-title":"A guide to changing paradigms of glucocorticoid receptor function-a model system for genome regulation and physiology","author":"Vettorazzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"The FEBS Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1590191","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin mRNA is expressed in primary human osteoblast-like cells: Down-regulation by glucocorticoids","volume":"159","author":"Vidal","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.4.8085","article-title":"Regulation of calcitonin receptor by glucocorticoid in human osteoclast-like cells prepared in vitro using receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"142","author":"Wada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2595","article-title":"The glucocorticoid receptor dimer interface allosterically transmits sequence-specific DNA signals","volume":"20","author":"Watson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8596","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx509","article-title":"Tethering not required: The glucocorticoid receptor binds directly to activator protein-1 recognition motifs to repress inflammatory genes","volume":"45","author":"Weikum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.152","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor control of transcription: Precision and plasticity via allostery","volume":"18","author":"Weikum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0372","article-title":"Is long-term glucocorticoid therapy associated with a high prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures?","volume":"3","author":"Weinstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Clinical Practice. Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.06.030","article-title":"Glucocorticoids, osteocytes, and skeletal fragility: The role of bone vascularity","volume":"46","author":"Weinstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2012.04.004","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and osteonecrosis","volume":"41","author":"Weinstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214538","article-title":"Promotion of osteoclast survival and antagonism of bisphosphonate-induced osteoclast apoptosis by glucocorticoids","volume":"109","author":"Weinstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2799","article-title":"Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids. Potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone","volume":"102","author":"Weinstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2009.00545.x","article-title":"Endogenous glucocorticoids decrease skeletal angiogenesis, vascularity, hydration, and strength in aged mice","volume":"9","author":"Weinstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.081101","article-title":"Divergent effects of glucocorticoids on cortical and trabecular compartment BMD in childhood nephrotic syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Wetzsteon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05244-y","article-title":"Soluble RANKL contributes to osteoclast formation in adult mice but not ovariectomy-induced bone loss","volume":"9","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23454","article-title":"Glucocorticoid excess in mice results in early activation of osteoclastogenesis and adipogenesis and prolonged suppression of osteogenesis: A longitudinal study of gene expression in bone tissue from glucocorticoid-treated mice","volume":"58","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15650","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315006110","article-title":"CYP2R1 is a major, but not exclusive, contributor to 25-hydroxyvitamin D production in vivo","volume":"110","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"}],"container-title":["Vitamins and Hormones","Parathyroid Hormone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0083672922000516?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0083672922000516?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T16:17:11Z","timestamp":1753287431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0083672922000516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9780323992251"],"references-count":156,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0083-6729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0083-6729","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}