{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:51:21Z","timestamp":1774691481523,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780443431722","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T21:09:36Z","timestamp":1768943376000},"page":"25-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GH and GnRH-gonadotropin secretion"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Adriana De Sousa","family":"Lages","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentim","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2021.05.008","article-title":"Clinical potential of kisspeptin in reproductive health","volume":"27","author":"Abbara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8298","DOI":"10.1021\/jm401056w","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel investigational nonapeptide KISS1R agonists with testosterone-suppressive activity","volume":"56","author":"Asami","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1159\/000514043","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor 1 increases GABAergic neurotransmission to GnRH neurons via suppressing the retrograde tonic endocannabinoid signaling pathway in mice","volume":"111","author":"Balint","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1021\/jm5019675","article-title":"Rational design of triazololipopeptides analogs of kisspeptin inducing a long-lasting increase of gonadotropins","volume":"58","author":"Beltramo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00265","article-title":"Disparate effect of aromatization on the central regulation of GH secretion by estrogens in men and postmenopausal women","volume":"104","author":"Birzniece","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0006","first-page":"550","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH)-deficient men are more responsive to GH replacement therapy than women","volume":"82","author":"Burman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.034","article-title":"Management of short stature with GnRH agonist and co-treatment with growth hormone: A controversial issue","volume":"254-255","author":"Carel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0008","article-title":"Growth hormone in fertility and infertility: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology(Lausanne)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104890","article-title":"Kisspeptin receptor agonists and antagonists: Strategies for discovery and implications for human health and disease","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000502231","article-title":"Diagnosis, genetics, and therapy of short stature in children: A growth hormone research society international perspective","volume":"92","author":"Collett-Solberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26908","article-title":"A synthetic kisspeptin analog that triggers ovulation and advances puberty","volume":"6","author":"Decourt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0012","first-page":"359","article-title":"Growth hormone studies in growth retardation. Therapeutic response to administration of androgen","volume":"104","author":"Deller","year":"1966","journal-title":"California medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0013","article-title":"Growth hormone for in vitro fertilization","volume":"2010","author":"Duffy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14862","article-title":"Sex steroid priming for growth hormone stimulation testing in children and adolescents with short stature: A systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Duncan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology(Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.4.5931","article-title":"Desensitization of the growth hormone-induced Janus kinase 2 (Jak 2)\/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5)-signaling pathway requires protein synthesis and phospholipase C","volume":"139","author":"Fernandez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00303","article-title":"Kisspeptin stimulates growth hormone release by utilizing neuropeptide y pathways and is dependent on the presence of ghrelin in the ewe","volume":"158","author":"Foradori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00677-x","article-title":"Growth hormone activates PI3K\/Akt signaling and inhibits ROS accumulation and apoptosis in granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00131","article-title":"Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"102","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1159\/000452150","article-title":"Guidelines for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I treatment in children and adolescents: Growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and primary insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency","volume":"86","author":"Grimberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.09.009","article-title":"Sex differences in patients referred for evaluation of poor growth","volume":"146","author":"Grimberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(01)00190-7","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor I enhances gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release from bovine anterior pituitary cells","volume":"70","author":"Hashizume","year":"2002","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0954","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-I activates KiSS-1 gene expression in the brain of the prepubertal female rat","volume":"150","author":"Hiney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.09.032","article-title":"Plasma kisspeptin and ghrelin levels are independently correlated with physical activity in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"108","author":"Hofmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2012.744855","article-title":"The re-growth of growth hormone in fertility treatment: A critical review","volume":"15","author":"Homburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human Fertility(Camb)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53277-4","article-title":"Cotreatment with human growth hormone and gonadotropins for induction of ovulation: A controlled clinical trial","volume":"53","author":"Homburg","year":"1990","journal-title":"The journal Fertility and Sterility"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0050175","article-title":"Growth hormone: A reproductive endocrine-paracrine regulator?","volume":"5","author":"Hull","year":"2000","journal-title":"Reviews of reproduction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1680001","article-title":"Growth hormone: Roles in female reproduction","volume":"168","author":"Hull","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1720001","article-title":"GH as a co-gonadotropin: The relevance of correlative changes in GH secretion and reproductive state","volume":"172","author":"Hull","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12512","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of kisspeptin-54 administration on GH, prolactin and TSH secretion in healthy women","volume":"81","author":"Jayasena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0030","first-page":"2002","article-title":"Gender differences in the effects of long term growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone in adults with GH deficiency","volume":"84","author":"Johansson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0031","first-page":"744","article-title":"Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in 1030 healthy children, adolescents, and adults: Relation to age, sex, stage of puberty, testicular size, and body mass index","volume":"78","author":"Juul","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0065-3","article-title":"Aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme expression in human pituitary","volume":"11","author":"Kadioglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01889","article-title":"Postnatal changes in testicular position are associated with IGF-I and function of Sertoli and Leydig cells","volume":"103","author":"Koskenniemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220146","article-title":"Assessing hypothalamic pituitary gonadal function in reproductive disorders","volume":"137","author":"Koysombat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02556.x","volume":"41","author":"Landin-Wilhelmsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03004-9","article-title":"Does growth hormone supplementation improve oocyte competence and IVF outcomes in patients with poor embryonic development? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2128","article-title":"Treatment with growth hormone and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog improves final adult height in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"90","author":"Lin-Su","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0486-9","article-title":"Effects and safety of combination therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue and growth hormone in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty: A meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-28-3-425","article-title":"Growth hormone secretion enhanced by androgens","volume":"28","author":"Martin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000357809","article-title":"Effects and therapeutic potentials of kisspeptin analogs: Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis","volume":"99","author":"Matsui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000184763","article-title":"Sex steroids, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1: Neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation in puberty","volume":"45","author":"Mauras","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hormone Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac014","article-title":"Management of growth disorders in puberty: GH, GnRHa, and aromatase inhibitors: A clinical review","volume":"44","author":"Mauras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137372","article-title":"Co-treatment with growth hormone of sub-optimal responders in IVF-ET","volume":"6","author":"Owen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1072271","article-title":"Sex steroid priming in short stature children unresponsive to GH stimulation tests: Why, who, when and how","volume":"13","author":"Partenope","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5431","article-title":"Adult height in girls with central precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues and growth hormone","volume":"84","author":"Pasquino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.024","article-title":"A brief review of the addition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-Ag) to growth hormone (GH) treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency: Previously published studies from America","volume":"254\u2013255","author":"Reiter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1743","article-title":"Tall stature without growth hormone: Four male patients with aromatase deficiency","volume":"95","author":"Rochira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0048","first-page":"820","article-title":"Metabolic clearance rates of synthetic human growth hormone in children, adult women, and adult men","volume":"69","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1577","article-title":"Effectiveness of the combined recombinant human growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy in pubertal patients with short stature due to SHOX deficiency","volume":"95","author":"Scalco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0050","first-page":"812","article-title":"Resumption of menstruation and pituitary response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea subjects undertaking estrogen replacement therapy","volume":"36","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-119-5-2004","article-title":"Stimulation of growth hormone release and synthesis by estrogens in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture","volume":"119","author":"Simard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1310641","article-title":"Insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II enhance basal and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release from rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro","volume":"131","author":"Soldani","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-019-01160-0","article-title":"Kisspeptin and neurokinin B analogs use in gynecological endocrinology: Where do we stand?","volume":"43","author":"Szeliga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-342","article-title":"Gender differences in serum GH and IGF-I levels and the GH response to dynamic tests in patients with acromegaly","volume":"57","author":"Tanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrine Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12918","article-title":"Somatotropic-testicular axis: A crosstalk between GH\/IGF-I and gonadal hormones during development, transition, and adult age","volume":"9","author":"Tenuta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1522","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae011","article-title":"Approach to the peripubertal patient with short stature","volume":"109","author":"Torres-Santiago","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298673251224230919093656","article-title":"Kisspeptin and its current clinical status\u2014A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Velmurugan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Current Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.2011.327","article-title":"The pros and cons of sex steroid priming in growth hormone stimulation testing","volume":"25","author":"Wetterau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1440073","article-title":"Interactions of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin and estradiol with GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone release from female rat gonadotrophs","volume":"144","author":"Xia","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz046","article-title":"Adjuvant treatment strategies in ovarian stimulation for poor responders undergoing IVF: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"}],"container-title":["Vitamins and Hormones","Growth Hormone and Related Disorders: From Clinics to Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0083672925000536?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0083672925000536?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:03:19Z","timestamp":1774688599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0083672925000536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9780443431722"],"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.vh.2025.10.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0083-6729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0083-6729","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}