{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:50:36Z","timestamp":1770835836828,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,28]],"date-time":"2007-12-28T15:51:49Z","timestamp":1198857109000},"page":"158-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Innervation of pulmonary veins: Morphologic pattern and pathways of nerves in the human fetus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Raimundas","family":"Vaitkevicius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Saburkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remigijus","family":"Zaliunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neringa","family":"Pauziene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Vaitkeviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Schauerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dainius H.","family":"Pauza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Inter-organ neural communications in the innervation of bronchi and pulmonary circulation vessels","volume":"92","author":"Andriesh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arkh. Anat. Gistol. Embriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199702)247:2<289::AID-AR15>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Gross and microscopic anatomy of the human intrinsic cardiac nervous system","volume":"247","author":"Armour","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10030","article-title":"Porcine intrinsic cardiac ganglia","volume":"271A","author":"Arora","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2005.01.004","article-title":"Architecture and age-related analysis of the neuronal number of the guinea pig intrinsic cardiac nerve plexus","volume":"187","author":"Batulevicius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.10.946","article-title":"Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"98","author":"Benjamin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00559-0","article-title":"Epidemiology and mechanism of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter","volume":"78","author":"Camm","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.18.1879","article-title":"Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins: electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological responses, and effects of radiofrequency ablation","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.01.022","article-title":"Quantitative study of nerves of the human left atrium","volume":"2","author":"Chevalier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.11.2573","article-title":"Efferent vagal innervation of the canine atria and sinus and atrioventricular nodes. The third fat pad","volume":"95","author":"Chiou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.2.426","article-title":"Innervation pattern of guinea pig pulmonary vasculature depends on vascular diameter","volume":"82","author":"Haberberger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809033391003","article-title":"Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins","volume":"339","author":"Haissaguerre","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00727.x","article-title":"Catheter ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation targeting the reinitiating triggers","volume":"11","author":"Haissaguerre","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.12.1409","article-title":"Electrophysiological end point for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation initiated from multiple pulmonary venous foci","volume":"101","author":"Haissaguerre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/12.3.219","article-title":"A \u201cdirect-coloring\u201d thiocholine method for cholinesterases","volume":"12","author":"Karnovsky","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib15","first-page":"H805","article-title":"Differing sympathetic and vagal effects on atrial fibrillation in dogs: role of refractoriness heterogeneity","volume":"273","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.8.2343","article-title":"Distribution, morphology, and neurochemistry of endocardial and epicardial nerve terminal arborizations in the human heart","volume":"92","author":"Marron","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01972-1","article-title":"Circular mapping and ablation of the pulmonary vein for treatment of atrial fibrillation: impact of different catheter technologies","volume":"40","author":"Marrouche","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.16.1879","article-title":"First human experience with pulmonary vein isolation using a through-the-balloon circumferential ultrasound ablation system for recurrent atrial fibrillation","volume":"102","author":"Natale","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.21.2619","article-title":"Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: a new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation","volume":"102","author":"Pappone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.02.012","article-title":"Triggered firing in pulmonary veins initiated by in vitro autonomic nerve stimulation","volume":"2","author":"Patterson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(19990701)255:3<271::AID-AR4>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Anatomical study of the neural ganglionated plexus in the canine right atrium: implications for selective denervation and electrophysiology of the sinoatrial node in dog","volume":"255","author":"Pauza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20000801)259:4<353::AID-AR10>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Morphology, distribution, and variability of the epicardiac neural ganglionated subplexuses in the human heart","volume":"259","author":"Pauza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000067198","article-title":"Morphology of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system in the dog: a whole-mount study employing histochemical staining with acetylcholinesterase","volume":"172","author":"Pauza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(02)80005-X","article-title":"Comparative quantitative study of the intrinsic cardiac ganglia and neurons in the rat, guinea pig, dog and human as revealed by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase","volume":"184","author":"Pauza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.11.008","article-title":"Experimental model for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation arising at the pulmonary vein\u2013atrial junctions","volume":"3","author":"Po","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-006-0110-4","article-title":"Location and variability of epicardiac ganglia in human fetuses","volume":"211","author":"Saburkina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib27","first-page":"936","article-title":"Distribution of the epicardiac neural ganglia in human fetuses of different age","volume":"41","author":"Saburkina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hco.0000198980.40390.e4","article-title":"The intrinsic cardiac nervous system and atrial fibrillation","volume":"21","author":"Scherlag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.057","article-title":"Autonomically induced conversion of pulmonary vein focal firing into atrial fibrillation","volume":"45","author":"Scherlag","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70094-6","article-title":"Topography of cardiac ganglia in the adult human heart","volume":"112","author":"Singh","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.02.054","article-title":"Autonomic innervation and segmental muscular disconnections at the human pulmonary vein\u2013atrial junction: implications for catheter ablation of atrial\u2013pulmonary vein junction","volume":"48","author":"Tan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.011","article-title":"Autonomic nerves in pulmonary veins","volume":"4","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/8.5.647","article-title":"Effects of selective vagal and stellate ganglion stimulation of atrial refractoriness","volume":"8","author":"Zipes","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."}],"container-title":["Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0940960207001069?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0940960207001069?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T08:04:07Z","timestamp":1557129847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0940960207001069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0940960207001069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.09.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-9602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-9602","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}