{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:18:25Z","timestamp":1774329505396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]],"date-time":"2009-02-25T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1235555974000},"page":"531-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of graduated driver licensing on licensure and traffic injury rates in Upstate New York"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Motao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib1","series-title":"Nationwide Review of Graduated Driver Licensing","author":"Baker","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib2","series-title":"Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System Atlanta","author":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib3","series-title":"Documentation for Bridged-race Vintage 2006 (July 1, 2000\u2013July 1, 2006) Postcensal Population Estimates for Calculating Vital Rates Atlanta","author":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.7.2.129","article-title":"Potential benefits of restrictions on the transport of teenage passengers by 16 and 17 year old drivers","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2281","article-title":"Graduated driver licensing programs and fatal crashes of 16-year-old drivers: a national evaluation","volume":"118","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib6","unstructured":"Federal Highway Administration, 2004. 2001 National Household Travel Survey: User's Guide."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib7","first-page":"31","article-title":"Graduated driver licensing in Wisconsin: does it create safer drivers?","volume":"104","author":"Fohr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wisconsin Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib8","series-title":"Long-term Effects of Graduated Driver Licensing in North Carolina","author":"Foss","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.13.1588","article-title":"Initial effects of graduated driver licensing on 16-year-old driver crashes in North Carolina","volume":"286","author":"Foss","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00045-7","article-title":"Sixteen years age limit for learner drivers in Sweden\u2014an evaluation of safety effects","volume":"32","author":"Gregersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Accident Analysis & Prevention"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Graduated driver licensing for reducing motor vehicle crashes among young drivers","author":"Hartling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib12","series-title":"Negative Binomial Regression","author":"Hilbe","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib13","series-title":"US Licensing Systems for Young Drivers Arlington","author":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib14","first-page":"13","article-title":"Youth and risk: age differences in risky driving, risk perception, and risk utility.","volume":"3","author":"Jonah","year":"1987","journal-title":"Alcohol, Drugs and Driving"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.32398\/cjhp.v4i3.1972","article-title":"California's graduated driver license law: Effects on older teenagers","volume":"4","author":"Males","year":"2006","journal-title":"Californian Journal of Health Promotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib16","series-title":"New York State Driver's Mannual Albany","author":"New York State Department of Motor Vehicles","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib17","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc., 2005. SAS Version 9.1 for Windows Cary, NC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2007.02.004","article-title":"Graduated driver licensing: review of evaluation results since 2002","volume":"38","author":"Shope","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.04.001","article-title":"Michigan's graduated driver licensing program: evaluation of the first four years","volume":"35","author":"Shope","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.13.1593","article-title":"Graduated driver licensing in Michigan: early impact on motor vehicle crashes among 16-year-old drivers","volume":"286","author":"Shope","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.04.014","article-title":"The observed effects of teenage passengers on the risky driving behavior of teenage drivers","volume":"37","author":"Simons-Morton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accident Analysis & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4375(02)00075-0","article-title":"Teenage drivers: patterns of risk","volume":"34","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2007.02.005","article-title":"Contribution of the components of graduated licensing to crash reductions","volume":"38","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.2307\/3343314","article-title":"Night driving restrictions for youthful drivers: a literature review and commentary","volume":"18","author":"Williams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2005.10.014","article-title":"Backseat safety belt use and crash outcome","volume":"36","author":"Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457509000311?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457509000311?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T03:52:36Z","timestamp":1589601156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457509000311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001457509000311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2009.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}}}