{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:39:59Z","timestamp":1792121999030,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,20]],"date-time":"2009-04-20T08:24:49Z","timestamp":1240215889000},"page":"710-722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":396,"title":["A review of risk factors and patterns of motorcycle injuries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mau-Roung","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess F.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1076\/icsp.10.3.131.14556","article-title":"Injuries from motorcycle and moped crashes in Sweden from 1987 to 1999","volume":"10","author":"Aare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inj. Control Saf. Promot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(98)00058-X","article-title":"Speed, speed limits, and road traffic accidents under free flow conditions","volume":"31","author":"Aljanahi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68654-6","article-title":"Road-traffic injuries: confronting disparities to address a global-health problem","volume":"367","author":"Ameratunga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00048-7","article-title":"Injury patterns associated with mortality following motorcycle crashes","volume":"33","author":"Ankarath","year":"2002","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(88)80151-X","article-title":"Patterns of injury in helmeted and nonhelmeted motorcyclists","volume":"155","author":"Bachulis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib6","series-title":"The Injury Fact Book","author":"Baker","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.11.001","article-title":"Identifying best practice states in motorcycle rider education and licensing","volume":"36","author":"Baldi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00023-9","article-title":"Characteristics of traffic crashes in Maryland (1996\u20131998): differences among the youngest drivers","volume":"34","author":"Ballestros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.10.1392","article-title":"The mortality consequences of raising the speed limit to 65mph on rural interstates","volume":"79","author":"Baum","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4375(90)90042-A","article-title":"Motor vehicle crash fatalities in the second year of 65 mph speed limits","volume":"21","author":"Baum","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib11","first-page":"193","article-title":"Lifestyle correlates of risky driving and accident involvement among youth","volume":"4","author":"Beirness","year":"1988","journal-title":"Alcohol Drugs Driving"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib12","first-page":"19","article-title":"Changes in the center of mass and moment of inertia of a headform induced by a hockey helmet and face shield","volume":"8","author":"Bishop","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can. J. Appl. Sport Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000154309.83339.C0","article-title":"Trends in Arkansas motorcycle trauma after helmet law repeal","volume":"98","author":"Bledsoe","year":"2005","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200212000-00009","article-title":"The negative impact of the repeal of the Arkansas motorcycle helmet law","volume":"53","author":"Bledsoe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/11024150260284888","article-title":"Injured moped riders who required admission to hospital in Sweden from 1987 to 1994","volume":"168","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00102-0","article-title":"An instrumented vehicle assessment of problem behavior and driving style: do younger males really take more risks?","volume":"34","author":"Boyce","year":"2002","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80887-X","article-title":"A population-based study of motorcycle injury and costs","volume":"21","author":"Braddock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200209000-00012","article-title":"Hospital cost is reduced by motorcycle helmet use?","volume":"53","author":"Brandt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580600944235","article-title":"Persuasion and licensure: a randomized controlled intervention trial to increase licensure rates among Maryland motorcycle owners","volume":"8","author":"Braver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198710000-00031","article-title":"Medical and economic parameters of motorcycle-induced trauma","volume":"223","author":"Bried","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib21","first-page":"521","article-title":"Injury patterns and helmet effectiveness among hospitalized motorcyclists","volume":"64","author":"Carr","year":"1981","journal-title":"Minn. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(92)90049-O","article-title":"Travel exposure and choice of comparison crashes for examining motorcycle conspicuity by analysis of crash data","volume":"24","author":"Cercarelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410170081038","article-title":"The emergency department surveillance of alcohol intoxication after motor vehicle accidents","volume":"260","author":"Chang","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(87)90032-7","article-title":"Motorcyclist fatalities and the repeal of mandatory helmet wearing laws","volume":"19","author":"Chenier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(93)90272-6","article-title":"Motorcycling safety research: a review of the social and behavioural literature","volume":"37","author":"Chesham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.5.793","article-title":"The effect of the Taiwan motorcycle helmet use law on head injuries","volume":"90","author":"Chiu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.9.4.302","article-title":"Are mobile speed cameras effective? A controlled before and after study","volume":"9","author":"Christie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12927J","article-title":"Incidence and toxicological aspects of cannabis and ethanol detected in 1394 fatally injured drivers and pedestrians in Ontario (1982\u20131984)","volume":"35","author":"Cimbura","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3109\/09638289509166725","article-title":"Disablement resulting from motorcycle crashes","volume":"17","author":"Clarke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199308000-00002","article-title":"Should motorcycles be operated within the legal alcohol limits for automobiles?","volume":"35","author":"Colburn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00056-9","article-title":"Helmets, injuries, and cultural definitions: motorcycle injury in urban Indonesia","volume":"28","author":"Conrad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90285-1","article-title":"Helmet-induced skull base fracture in a motorcyclist","volume":"1","author":"Cooter","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(83)90005-0","article-title":"Lower limb injuries in motorcycle accidents","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"1983","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2005.11.002","article-title":"Risky behavior of drivers of motorized two wheeled vehicles in India","volume":"37","author":"Dandona","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib35","unstructured":"Deutermann W., 2004. Motorcycle Helmet Effectiveness Revisited. US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington DC, DOT HS 809 715."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000215582.86115.01","article-title":"Economic impact of motorcycle helmets: from impact to discharge","volume":"60","author":"Eastridge","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(88)90043-7","article-title":"Helmet effectiveness in preventing motorcycle driver and passenger fatalities","volume":"20","author":"Evans","year":"1988","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00010-X","article-title":"Changes in motor vehicle occupant fatalities after repeal of the national maximum speed limit","volume":"31","author":"Farmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib39","series-title":"Trauma","first-page":"81","article-title":"Patterns of injury","author":"Feliciano","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199209000-00007","article-title":"The impact of the Texas 1989 motorcycle helmet law on total and head-related fatalities, severe injuries, and overall injuries","volume":"30","author":"Fleming","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2.2.90","article-title":"Injury control in developing nations: what can we learn from industrialized countries?","volume":"2","author":"Forjuoh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1076\/icsp.10.1.109.14115","article-title":"Traffic-related injury preventions for low-income countries","volume":"10","author":"Forjuoh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)00079-2","article-title":"Relationship of helmet use and head injuries among motorcycle crash victims in El Paso County, Colorado, 1989\u20131990","volume":"27","author":"Gabella","year":"1995","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X8601000306","article-title":"The effect of motorcycle helmet use on the probability of fatality and the severity of head and neck injuries: A latent variable framework","volume":"10","author":"Goldstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eval. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(98)70170-2","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of facial injuries among motorcyclists","volume":"32","author":"Gopalakirshna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3180f62eec","article-title":"Helmet use and associated spinal fractures in motorcycle crash victims","volume":"64","author":"Goslar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00141650","article-title":"Behavioral response to safety regulation: the case of motorcycle helmet-wearing legislation","volume":"19","author":"Graham","year":"1986","journal-title":"Policy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.14.050193.002503","article-title":"Injuries from traffic crashes: meeting the challenge","volume":"14","author":"Graham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01719951","article-title":"Helmet use by drivers and passengers of motorcycles in Pamplona (Spain), 1992","volume":"11","author":"Guillen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-8-1-76","article-title":"The economics of safety deregulation: lives and dollars lost due to repeal of motorcycle helmet laws","volume":"8","author":"Hartunian","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Politics Policy Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib51","unstructured":"Hodgdon, J.D., Bragg, B.W.E., Finn, P., 1981. Young Driver Risk-Taking Research: The State of the Art. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, US DOT HS 805 967."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925191","article-title":"The influence of perceptual \u2018set\u2019 on the detection of motorcyclists using daytime headlights","volume":"38","author":"Hole","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90039-6","article-title":"Age, sex, and blood alcohol concentration of killed and injured drivers, riders, and passengers","volume":"26","author":"Holubowycz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1995.56.513","article-title":"Demographic characteristics, drinking patterns and drink-driving behavior of injured male drivers and motorcycle riders","volume":"56","author":"Holubowycz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.094615","article-title":"Motorcycle safety and the repeal of universal helmet laws","volume":"97","author":"Houston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2007.05.005","article-title":"Motorcyclist fatality rates and mandatory helmet-use laws","volume":"40","author":"Houston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib57","first-page":"318","article-title":"Effect of protective helmet mass on head\/neck dynamics","volume":"10","author":"Houston","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200203000-00009","article-title":"The impact of a repealed motorcycle helmet law in Miami-Dade County","volume":"52","author":"Hotz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000149497.20065.F4","article-title":"Non-helmeted motorcyclists: a burden to society? A study using the National Trauma Data Bank","volume":"57","author":"Hundley","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2006.012724","article-title":"Prevalence of helmet use among motorcycle riders in Vietnam","volume":"12","author":"Hung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib61","unstructured":"Hurt, H.H., Quellet, J.V., Thom, D.R., 1981. Motorcycle Accident Cause Factors and Identification of Countermeasures. Volume 1: Technical Report. US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib62","series-title":"25th Annual Proceedings of Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","article-title":"Effectiveness of motorcycle safety helmets and protective clothing","author":"Hurt","year":"1981"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395070190020401","article-title":"Exploring the economics of motorcycle helmet laws\u2014implications for low- and middle-income countries","volume":"19","author":"Hyder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00102-6","article-title":"Effects of the helmet act for motorcyclists in Thailand","volume":"35","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risky driving and adolescent problem behavior: an extension of problem-behavior theory","volume":"3","author":"Jessor","year":"1987","journal-title":"Alcohol Drugs Driving"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(82)90036-7","article-title":"Are formally trained motorcyclists safer?","volume":"14","author":"Jonah","year":"1982","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(86)90041-2","article-title":"Accident risk and risk-taking behaviour among young drivers","volume":"18","author":"Jonah","year":"1986","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00085-3","article-title":"Sensation seeking, risky driving and behavioral adaptation","volume":"33","author":"Jonah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.083204","article-title":"Paternalism and its discontents: motorcycle helmet laws, libertarian values, and public health","volume":"97","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib70","first-page":"423","article-title":"Head injuries associated with motorcycle use\u2014Wisconsin, 1991","volume":"43","author":"Karlson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2004.07.006","article-title":"The role of alcohol in Thailand motorcycle crashes","volume":"37","author":"Kasantikul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81426-X","article-title":"A prospective study of the impact of helmet usage on motorcycle trauma","volume":"20","author":"Kelly","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199611000-00016","article-title":"Are fractures of the base of the skull influenced by the mass of the protective helmet? A retrospective study in fatally injured motorcyclists","volume":"41","author":"Konrad","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(85)80014-0","article-title":"Head and neck injuries to motorcycle and moped riders\u2014with special regard to the effect of protective helmets","volume":"16","author":"Krantz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib75","series-title":"Head Injury","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of head injury","author":"Kraus","year":"1989"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.2.172","article-title":"Motorcycle licensure, ownership, and injury crash involvement","volume":"81","author":"Kraus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1041052","article-title":"Epidemiology of mild brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Kraus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1995.12.873","article-title":"The impact of two related prevention strategies on head injury reduction among nonfatally injured motorcycle riders, California, 1991\u20131993","volume":"12","author":"Kraus","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurotraum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520190052034","article-title":"The effect of the 1992 California motorcycle helmet use law on motorcycle crash fatalities and injuries","volume":"272","author":"Kraus","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.1.96","article-title":"Compliance with the 1992 California motorcycle helmet use law","volume":"85","author":"Kraus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200203000-00022","article-title":"Incidence, severity, and patterns of intrathoracic and intra-abdominal injuries in motorcycle crashes","volume":"52","author":"Kraus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib82","first-page":"18","article-title":"Facial trauma and the risk of intracranial injury in motorcycle riders Ann","volume":"41","author":"Kraus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112137","article-title":"Some epidemiologic features of motorcycle collision injuries. II. Factors associated with severity of injuries","volume":"102","author":"Kraus","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib84","first-page":"186","article-title":"Motorcycle injuries in South-east Asia","volume":"15","author":"Krishnan","year":"1994","journal-title":"World Health Forum"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198905000-00009","article-title":"Thoracic spine injuries in victims of motorcycle accidents","volume":"29","author":"Kupferschmid","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580500377833","article-title":"Florida's weakened motorcycle helmet law: effects on death rates in motorcycle crashes","volume":"7","author":"Kyrychenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2004.006957","article-title":"Driver dependent factors and the risk of causing a collision for two wheeled motor vehicles","volume":"11","author":"Lardelli-Claret","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(87)90124-1","article-title":"Fatal motorcycle accidents and alcohol","volume":"33","author":"Larsen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Forensic. Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.3.3.199","article-title":"Perception of risk in motor-cyclists","volume":"3","author":"Leaman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.06.019","article-title":"Improper motorcycle helmet use in provincial areas of a developing country","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.186","article-title":"Factors associated with severity of motorcycle injuries among young adult riders","volume":"41","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00002-7","article-title":"A longitudinal study of risk factors for motorcycle crashes among junior college students in Taiwan","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00150-1","article-title":"The effect of crash experience on changes in risk taking among urban and rural young people","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200101000-00004","article-title":"Crash severity, injury patterns, and helmet use in adolescent motorcycle riders","volume":"50","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1159\/000080091","article-title":"Relation between motorcycle helmet and cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib96","first-page":"30","article-title":"Motorcycle deaths and injuries in Texas: helmets make a difference","volume":"83","author":"Lloyd","year":"1987","journal-title":"Texas Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00015-9","article-title":"Annual mileage, driving violations, and accident involvement in relation to drivers\u2019 sex, age, and level of education","volume":"31","author":"Lourens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib98","first-page":"576","article-title":"Motorcycle helmet use in Texas","volume":"106","author":"Lund","year":"1991","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib99","first-page":"89","article-title":"The role of helmets in reducing head injuries from motorcycle accidents: a political or medical issue?","volume":"135","author":"Luna","year":"1981","journal-title":"West. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198408000-00001","article-title":"The influence of ethanol intoxication on outcome of injured motorcyclists","volume":"24","author":"Luna","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib101","series-title":"Biomechanics and Medical Aspects of Lower Limb Injuries","article-title":"The public health impact of lower extremity trauma","author":"MacKenzie","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2003.002626","article-title":"Current helmet and protective equipment usage among previously injured and motorcycle riders","volume":"10","author":"Mangus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)00041-J","article-title":"Statistical analysis of motorcyclists\u2019 perceived accident risk","volume":"27","author":"Mannering","year":"1995","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(86)90044-8","article-title":"Age difference in male drivers\u2019 perception of accident risk: the role of perceived driving ability","volume":"18","author":"Matthews","year":"1986","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198606000-00008","article-title":"Moped and motorcycle accidents: similarities and discrepancies","volume":"26","author":"M\u00e4tzsch","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib106","first-page":"389","article-title":"Motorcycle helmet use, incidence of head injury, and cost of hospitalization","volume":"15","author":"May","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(86)90042-4","article-title":"Youth, alcohol and relative risk of crash involvement","volume":"18","author":"Mayhew","year":"1986","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4375(89)90032-7","article-title":"Does motorcycle training reduce accidents? Evidence from longitudinal quasi-experimental study","volume":"20","author":"McDavid","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000044625.16783.A9","article-title":"The effect of state motorcycle licensing laws on motorcycle driver mortality rates","volume":"56","author":"McGwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00008-N","article-title":"The effect of motorcycle helmets upon seeing and hearing","volume":"27","author":"McKnight","year":"1995","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199308000-00012","article-title":"Psychosocial characteristics and follow-up of drinking and non-drinking drivers in motor vehicle crashes","volume":"35","author":"McLellan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib112","first-page":"215","article-title":"Impact of repeal of motorcycle helmet law","volume":"151","author":"McSwain","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198403000-00009","article-title":"Medical consequences of motorcycle helmet nonusage","volume":"24","author":"McSwain","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib114","series-title":"29th Annual Proceedings of American Association for Automotive Medicine","article-title":"The impact of re-enactment of the motorcycle helmet law in Louisiana","author":"McSwain","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib115","series-title":"Evaluation and Management of Trauma","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanism of injury in blunt trauma","author":"McSwain","year":"1987"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199010000-00002","article-title":"Motorcycle helmets\u2014medical costs and the law","volume":"30","author":"McSwain","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.123299","article-title":"Changes on motorcycle-related head injury deaths, hospitalizations, and hospital charges following repeal of Pennsylvania's mandatory motorcycle helmet law","volume":"98","author":"Mertz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib118","unstructured":"Ministry of the Interior (R.O.C.), 2005. Police Policy Report. National Police Agency, Ministry of Interior, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib119","unstructured":"Ministry of Transportation and Communications (R.O.C.), 2007. Monthly statistics of transportation and communications. Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199507000-00004","article-title":"Injury prevention strategies to promote helmet use decrease severe head injuries at a level I trauma center","volume":"39","author":"Mock","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(84)90022-8","article-title":"Accidental death and disability in India: a stocktaking","volume":"16","author":"Mohan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(84)90007-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the motorcycle rider course","volume":"16","author":"Mortimer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4375(88)90023-0","article-title":"A further evaluation of the motorcycle rider course","volume":"19","author":"Mortimer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2007.018093","article-title":"Helmet use and the risk of neck or cervical spine injury among users of motorized two-wheel vehicles","volume":"14","author":"Moskal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80886-8","article-title":"Motorcycle crash injuries and costs: effect of a reenacted comprehensive helmet use law","volume":"21","author":"Muelleman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.70.6.586","article-title":"Evaluation of the costs and benefits of motorcycle helmet laws","volume":"70","author":"Muller","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.72.10.1136","article-title":"An evaluation of the effectiveness of motorcycle daytime headlight laws","volume":"72","author":"Muller","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(84)90002-2","article-title":"Daytime headlight operation and motorcyclist fatalities","volume":"16","author":"Muller","year":"1984","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.75.5.547","article-title":"Motorcycle headlight-use laws: a contrasting view","volume":"75","author":"Muller","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.4.556","article-title":"Florida's motorcycle helmet law repeal and fatality rates","volume":"94","author":"Muller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.6.1.32","article-title":"Increasing age and inexperience: are both protective against motorcycle injury? A case-control study","volume":"6","author":"Mullin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib132","first-page":"370","article-title":"Helmet use improves outcomes after motorcycle accidents","volume":"155","author":"Murdock","year":"1991","journal-title":"West. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.04.001","article-title":"Temporal distribution of motorcyclist injuries and risk of fatalities in relation to age, helmet use, and riding while intoxicated in Khon Kaen, Thailand","volume":"37","author":"Nakahara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(88)90027-9","article-title":"A study of reported injury accidents among novice motorcycle riders in a Scottish region","volume":"20","author":"Namdaran","year":"1988","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib135","series-title":"Traffic Safety Facts 2005: Motorcycles","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib136","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2006. Recent Trends in Fatal Motorcycle Crashes: An Update. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, DOT HS 810 606."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib137","series-title":"Traffic Safety Facts 1992","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80888-1","article-title":"Motorcycle fatalities in New Mexico: the association of helmet nonuse with alcohol intoxication","volume":"21","author":"Nelson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580590903195","article-title":"Motorcycle helmets and spinal cord injury: helmet usage and type","volume":"6","author":"O\u2019Conner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199205000-00016","article-title":"The impact of motorcycle helmet use","volume":"32","author":"Offner","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31815644cd","article-title":"Increased fatalities after motorcycle helmet law repeal: is it all because of lack of helmets?","volume":"63","author":"O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088903100203","article-title":"Motorcycle conspicuity revisited","volume":"31","author":"Olson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088102300211","article-title":"The effect of improvements in motorcycle\/motorcyclist conspicuity on driver behaviour","volume":"23","author":"Olson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70114-1","article-title":"Motorcycle trauma in the state of Illinois: analysis of the Illinois Department of Public Health Trauma Registry","volume":"26","author":"Orsay","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(94)70317-5","article-title":"Motorcycle helmets and spinal injuries: dispelling the myth","volume":"23","author":"Orsay","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib146","first-page":"367","article-title":"Possibilities for load reductions using garment leg protectors for motorcyclists\u2014a technical, medical and biomechanical approach","volume":"46","author":"Otte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Proc. Assoc. Adv. Automot. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580500338652","article-title":"Motorcycle helmet effects on a per-crash basis in Thailand and the United States","volume":"7","author":"Ouellet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib148","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Trends in motorcycle fatalities associated with alcohol-impaired driving\u2014United States, 1983\u20132003","volume":"53","author":"Paulozzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199409000-00004","article-title":"Lower extremity injuries from motorcycle crashes: a common cause of preventable injury","volume":"37","author":"Peek","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199612000-00008","article-title":"Alcohol use, driver, and crash characteristics among injured motorcycle drivers","volume":"41","author":"Peek-Asa","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(98)00071-2","article-title":"The prevalence of non-standard helmet use and head injuries among motorcycle riders","volume":"31","author":"Peek-Asa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(96)00022-X","article-title":"Injuries sustained by motorcycle riders in the approaching turn crash configuration","volume":"28","author":"Peek-Asa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200204000-00010","article-title":"Impact of alcohol intoxication on hemodynamic, metabolic, and cytokine responses to hemorrhagic shock","volume":"52","author":"Phelan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib154","unstructured":"Preusser, D.F., Hedlund, J.H., Ulmer R.G., 2000. Evaluation of Motorcycle Helmet Law Repeal in Arkansas and Texas. US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, DOT HS 809 131."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00027-5","article-title":"Analysis of fatal motorcycle crashes: crash typing","volume":"27","author":"Preusser","year":"1995","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib156","first-page":"445","article-title":"An analysis of motorcycle injury and vehicle damage severity using ordered probit models","volume":"33","author":"Quddus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00071-2","article-title":"Modelling of conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents in Seremban and Shah Alam, Malaysia","volume":"28","author":"Radin-Umar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300500249632","article-title":"Motorcycle safety programmes in Malaysia: how effective are they?","volume":"13","author":"Radin-Umar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00024-X","article-title":"An evaluation of the general effect of the New Zealand graduated driver licensing system on motorcycle traffic crash hopitalisations","volume":"31","author":"Reeder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.1.2.103","article-title":"Young on-road motorcyclists in New Zealand: age of licensure, unlicensed riding, and motorcycle borrowing","volume":"1","author":"Reeder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00224-3","article-title":"The risky and protective motorcycling opinions and behaviours of young on-road motorcyclists in New Zealand","volume":"42","author":"Reeder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1992.tb02698.x","article-title":"Motorcycling attitudes and behaviours. II. 14- and 15-year old adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Reeder","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6419.758","article-title":"Detachment of crash helmets during motorcycle accidents","volume":"288","author":"Richards","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200111000-00021","article-title":"Head injury mechanisms in helmet-protected motorcyclists: prospective multicenter study","volume":"51","author":"Richter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198904000-00008","article-title":"Drug use in trauma victims","volume":"29","author":"Rivera","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200207000-00002","article-title":"Spinal injuries in motorcycle crashes: patterns and outcomes","volume":"53","author":"Robertson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib167","first-page":"283","article-title":"Mechanism of injury influences the pattern of injuries sustained by patients involved in vehicular trauma","volume":"34","author":"Rogers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(83)90030-X","article-title":"The prevention of leg injuries in motorcycle accidents","volume":"15","author":"Ross","year":"1983","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.1.41","article-title":"Motorcycle helmet use and injury outcome and hospitalization costs from crashes in Washington State","volume":"86","author":"Rowland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90028-U","article-title":"The association of helmet use with the outcome of motorcycle crash injury when controlling for crash\/injury severity","volume":"25","author":"Rutledge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00037-2","article-title":"Age and experience in motorcycling safety","volume":"28","author":"Rutter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02710.x","article-title":"Perceptions of risk in motorcyclists: unrealistic optimism, relative realism and predictions of behaviour","volume":"89","author":"Rutter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90011-6","article-title":"Road traffic fatalities in Delhi: causes, injury patterns, and incidence of preventable deaths","volume":"26","author":"Sahdev","year":"1994","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.9.1122","article-title":"Fatal and severe injury: scooter and moped crashes in California, 1985","volume":"80","author":"Salatka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199502000-00017","article-title":"Fatal injuries in motorcycle riders according to helmet use","volume":"38","author":"Sarkar","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib176","first-page":"39","article-title":"Increased risk of death or disability in unhelmeted Wisconsin motorcyclists","volume":"10492","author":"Sauter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wisconsin Med. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib177","first-page":"252","article-title":"Increased mortality following repeal of mandatory motorcycle helmet law","volume":"77","author":"Scholten","year":"1984","journal-title":"Indiana Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.9.3.257","article-title":"Effect of Italy's motorcycle helmet law on traumatic brain injuries","volume":"9","author":"Servadei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(92)90051-J","article-title":"Helmet use, patterns of injury, medical outcome, and costs among motorcycle drivers in Maryland","volume":"24","author":"Shankar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib180","unstructured":"Shankar, U., 2001. Fatal Single Vehicle Motorcycle Crashes. US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, DOT HS 809 360."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90013-2","article-title":"Risk factors of fatality in motor vehicle traffic accidents","volume":"26","author":"Shibata","year":"1994","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198911000-00011","article-title":"Pontomedullary tears and other gross brainstem injuries after vehicular accidents","volume":"29","author":"Simpson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90035-U","article-title":"Alcohol use, driving records, and crash culpability among injured motorcycle drivers","volume":"25","author":"Soderstrom","year":"1993","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)00043-L","article-title":"Marijuana and other drug use among automobile and motorcycle drivers treated at a trauma center","volume":"27","author":"Soderstrom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1988.01400300079013","article-title":"Marijuana and alcohol use among 1,023 trauma patients: a prospective study","volume":"123","author":"Soderstrom","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480120087038","article-title":"Motorcycle helmet-use laws and head injury prevention","volume":"267","author":"Sosin","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450180059029","article-title":"Head injury-associated deaths from motorcycle crashes\u2014relationships to helmet-use laws","volume":"264","author":"Sosin","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90070-D","article-title":"Alcohol and drug use among motor vehicle collision victims admitted to a regional trauma unit: demographic, injury, and crash characteristics","volume":"25","author":"Stoduto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(97)00055-9","article-title":"Lowering the legal blood alcohol level for motorcyclists","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(84)90009-5","article-title":"Fatal motorcycle accidents and helmet laws in Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"16","author":"Supramaniam","year":"1984","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib191","first-page":"37","article-title":"Epidemiologic characteristics of drivers, vehicles, pedestrians and road environments involved in road traffic injuries in rural Thailand","volume":"25","author":"Swaddiwudhipong","year":"1994","journal-title":"S.E. Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117746","article-title":"Case-control study of the effectiveness of different types of helmets for the prevention of head injuries among motorcycle riders in Taipei, Taiwan","volume":"142","author":"Tsai","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib193","unstructured":"Ulmer, R.G., Preusser, D.F., 2003. Evaluation of the Repeal of Motorcycle Helmet Laws in Kentucky and Louisiana. US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, DOT HS 809 530."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib194","unstructured":"Ulmer R.G., Shabanova N.V., 2005. Evaluation of the Repeal of the All-Rider Motorcycle Helmet Law in Florida. US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, DOT HS 809 849."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00063110-199806000-00003","article-title":"The effect of helmets on the incidence and severity of head and cervical spine injuries in motorcycle and moped accident victims: a prospective analysis based on emergency development department and trauma center data","volume":"5","author":"van Camp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90201-7","article-title":"Injury biomechanics: an essential element in the prevention of trauma","volume":"22","author":"Viano","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf186","article-title":"Association of alcohol-related laws with deaths due to motor vehicle and motorcycle crashes in the United States, 1980\u20131997","volume":"157","author":"Villaveces","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199301000-00022","article-title":"Is helmet use beneficial to motorcyclists?","volume":"34","author":"Wagle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198812000-00003","article-title":"Methodologic issues in hospital-based injury research","volume":"28","author":"Waller","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380110067028","article-title":"The potentiating effects of alcohol on driver injury","volume":"256","author":"Waller","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.70.6.579","article-title":"The repeal of helmet use laws and increased motorcyclist mortality in the United States, 1975\u20131978","volume":"70","author":"Watson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(87)90014-5","article-title":"The prevention of injury from motorcycle use: epidemiologic success, legislative failure","volume":"19","author":"Weisbuch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.37984.574757.EE","article-title":"Motorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case\u2013control study","volume":"328","author":"Wells","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(98)90113-9","article-title":"The motorcyclist: easy rider or easy victim? An analysis of motorcycle accidents in Germany","volume":"16","author":"Wick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.4.2.89","article-title":"Risk homeostasis theory: an overview","volume":"4","author":"Wilde","year":"1998","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(85)90002-8","article-title":"Nighttime driving and fatal crash involvement of teenagers","volume":"17","author":"Williams","year":"1985","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2006.01.001","article-title":"Alcohol-impaired driving and its consequence in the United States: the past 25 years","volume":"37","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib208","first-page":"19","article-title":"Drugs in fatally injured young male drivers","volume":"100","author":"Williams","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib209","unstructured":"Wilson D.C., 1989. The effectiveness of motorcycle helmets in preventing fatalities. National Center for Statistics and Analysis, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, DOT HS 807 416."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/110241502320127810","article-title":"Injuries in 8927 patients admitted after motor-cycle crashes in Sweden 1987\u20131994 inclusive","volume":"168","author":"Wladis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(90)90163-M","article-title":"Driving experience and the risk of traffic accident among motorcyclists","volume":"30","author":"Wong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/101053959000400106","article-title":"Motorcyclist traffic accidents and risk factors: a Singapore study","volume":"4","author":"Wong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(99)00104-8","article-title":"Injury analyses of fatal motorcycle collisions in south-east Scotland","volume":"104","author":"Wyatt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00078-0","article-title":"The effectiveness of the \u2018ride-bright\u2019 legislation for motorcycles in Singapore","volume":"32","author":"Yuan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.75.5.543","article-title":"Motorcycle headlight-use laws and fatal crashes in the US, 1975\u20131983","volume":"75","author":"Zador","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.05.005","article-title":"Socioeconomic difference and motorcycle injuries: age at risk and injury severity among young drivers. A Swedish nationwide cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Zambon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580600555759","article-title":"Factors affecting the severity of injuries among young motorcyclists\u2014a Swedish nationwide cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Zambon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/156609704\/233\/289643","article-title":"Motorcycle ownership and injury in China","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2.2.91","article-title":"Injury control in developing nations: context more than content is crucial","volume":"2","author":"Zwi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457509000578?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457509000578?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T21:47:47Z","timestamp":1684964867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457509000578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":219,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001457509000578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}