{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:01:02Z","timestamp":1790197262608,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,24]],"date-time":"2009-07-24T08:27:38Z","timestamp":1248424058000},"page":"50-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Injury patterns in frontal crashes: The association between knee\u2013thigh\u2013hip (KTH) and serious intra-abdominal injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail T.","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Hoyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199903000-00006","article-title":"Organ injuries associated with femoral fractures: implications for severity of injury in motor vehicle collisions","volume":"46","author":"Adili","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib2","unstructured":"Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 1998. The Abbreviated Injury Scale, Des Plaines, IL."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib3","series-title":"Proceedings of the 41st Step Car Crash Conference","article-title":"The influence of impact interface on human knee injury: implications for instrument panel design and the lower extremity injury criterion","author":"Atkinson","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","article-title":"The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care","volume":"14","author":"Baker","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib5","series-title":"Effects of Seat Belt Load Limiters on Driver Fatalities in Frontal Crashes of Passenger Cars","author":"Brumbelow","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480306901215","article-title":"Injuries in pediatric patients with seatbelt contusions","volume":"69","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. Surgeon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000222577.43192.a6","article-title":"The interaction of \u2018occupant factors\u2019 on the lower extremity fractures in frontal collision of motor vehicle crashes based on a level 1 trauma center","volume":"62","author":"Chong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib8","first-page":"693","article-title":"Biomechanics of road traffic collision injuries: a clinician's perspective","volume":"48","author":"Eid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Singapore Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib9","series-title":"Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles","article-title":"The benefits of double pretension in decreasing knees and lower leg injuries in frontal impacts","author":"Faure","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000147518.96480.B3","article-title":"Screening for abdominal injury prior to emergent extra-abdominal trauma surgery: a prospective study","volume":"57","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib11","series-title":"Crash Severity: A Comparison of Event Data Recorder Measurements with Accident Reconstruction Estimates","author":"Gabler","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318074de05","article-title":"The impact of safety belt use on liver injuries in motor vehicle crashes: the importance of motor vehicle safety systems","volume":"63","author":"Holbrook","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.12.1630","article-title":"The importance of assessing the fit of logistic regression models: a case study","volume":"81","author":"Homer","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJPH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huelke, D., Compton, C.P., Compton, T.W., 1991. Lower Extremity Injuries in Frontal Crashes: Injuries, Locations, AIS, and Contacts, Soc Auto Eng Paper 0811.","DOI":"10.4271\/910811"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib15","series-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles","article-title":"An overview of knee-thigh-hip injuries in frontal crashes in the United States","author":"Kuppa","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib16","first-page":"97","article-title":"Derivation and theoretical assessment of a set of biomechanics-based, AIS 2+ risk equations for the knee-thigh-hip complex","volume":"50","author":"Laituri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stapp. Car Crash J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib17","series-title":"Current Therapy of Trauma","first-page":"50","article-title":"Blunt injury mechanisms","author":"Mayberry","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2004.03.008","article-title":"A unique pattern of injury secondary to seatbelt-related blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"27","author":"Munshi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib19","unstructured":"National Center for Statistics and Analysis. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. http:\/\/www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov\/departments\/nrd-30\/ncsa\/NASS-html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib20","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, 2005. Lives saved by the federal motor vehicle safety standards and other vehicle safety technologies, 1960\u20132002. Washington, DC, US DOT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib21","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration and CIREN Center Staffs. NHTSA Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Program Report, 2002. DOT HS 809 564. 2003. http:\/\/www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov\/departments\/nrd-50\/ciren\/CIREN.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib22","first-page":"70","article-title":"The accuracy of WinSmash delta-V estimates: the impact of vehicle type, stiffness, and impact mode","volume":"50","author":"Niehoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Proc. Assoc. Adv. Automot. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ore, L., States, J., Tanner, B., 1993. Accident investigation and impairment study of lower extremity injury. Soc Auto Eng Paper, Paper 0096.","DOI":"10.4271\/930096"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib24","unstructured":"Practice Management Information Corporation (PMIC), 2006. ICD-9-CM: international classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification, Los Angeles, CA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib25","first-page":"211","article-title":"The tolerance of the human hip to dynamic knee loading","volume":"46","author":"Rupp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stapp. Car Crash J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2004.05.005","article-title":"Injuries to the hip joint in frontal motor-vehicle crashes: biomechanical and real-world perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Rupp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ortho. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib27","unstructured":"SAS. SAS Software Version 9.1 Cary, SAS Institute, Inc., NC, Copyright \u00a9 2002\u20132004."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib28","unstructured":"Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 1980. Recommended Practice J224, Collision Deformation Classification, Soc Auto Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib29","unstructured":"Stucki, S.L., Fessahaie, O., 1996. Comparison of Measured Velocity Change in Frontal Crash tests to NASS Computed Velocity Change. Soc Auto Eng Paper 96-0649, Warrendale, PA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soochow, M.R., Faust, D.P., Schneider, L.W., Wang, S., 2003. Knee, Thigh, and Hip Injury Patterns for Drivers and Right Front Passengers in Frontal Impacts, Detroit, MI, Soc Auto Eng 2003-01-0164, World Congress & Exhibition.","DOI":"10.4271\/2003-01-0164"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002_bib31","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 1995. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva, Switzerland, WHO Technical Report Series."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457509001663?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457509001663?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T03:44:31Z","timestamp":1685072671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457509001663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001457509001663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}