{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:59:37Z","timestamp":1790899177311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NRMA Motoring and Services"},{"name":"Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,18]],"date-time":"2011-01-18T04:13:03Z","timestamp":1295323983000},"page":"1095-1103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Novice riders and the predictors of riding without motorcycle protective clothing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Liz","family":"de Rome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narelle","family":"Haworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Heritier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fitzharris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0005","unstructured":"ABS, 2006. Socio-Economic Indexes for Area (SEIFA), Australia, 2006. In: A.B.O. (Ed.), Statistics, Canberra."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0010","unstructured":"ACEM, 2004. MAIDS in-depth investigation of accidents involving powered two wheelers: final report 1.2. Association of European Motorcycle Manufacturers (ACEM), Brussels. http:\/\/www.maids-study.eu\/ (last accessed 11.10.10)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0015","unstructured":"ACEM, 2010. Promotion & Advertising Guidelines. Associations des Constructeurs Europeens de Motorcycles, Brussels."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1108\/09556229410054495","article-title":"A model for protective clothing effects on performance","volume":"6","author":"Adams","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0030","unstructured":"ATSB, 2002. Motorcycle rider age and risk of fatal injury. Motorcycle Safety Monograph 12. Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Canberra. http:\/\/www.infrastructure.gov.au\/roads\/safety\/publications\/2002\/Mcycle_Age_1.aspx."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bittel, J., Hanniquet, A.M., Forssard, H., 1992. Thermal constraints related to the wearing of protective clothing: body ventilation by fresh air. In: McBriarty, J.P., Henry, N.W. (Eds.), Performance of Protective Clothing, fourth volume, stp 1133. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 597\u2013603.","DOI":"10.1520\/STP19189S"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0040","unstructured":"Broughton, J., 1988. Relation Between Motorcycle Size and Accident Risk. Research Report \u2013 Transport and Road Research Laboratory. Crowthorne."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.05.043","article-title":"Risk factors for riding and crashing a motorcycle unhelmeted","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0050","unstructured":"CEC, 1989. The Council of the European Communities directive on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to personal protective equipment 89\/686\/EEC. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1989L0686-08\/10\/1996 CONSLEG."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0055","first-page":"187","article-title":"Injury patterns and risk factors of motorcycle crashes","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0060","unstructured":"Christmas, S., Young, D., Cookson, R., Cuerdenm, R., 2009. Passion, performance, practicality: motorcyclists\u2019 motivations and attitudes to safety. In: TRL (Ed.), Motorcycle Safety Research Project. Department for Transport."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0065","first-page":"31","article-title":"Impact protection becomes flexible, lightweight and breathable","volume":"15","author":"Collins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Technical Textiles International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0070","unstructured":"de Rome, L., 2006. The injury reduction benefits of motorcycle protective clothing. NTSB Public Forum on Motorcycle Safety, September 12\u201313 2006. National Transport Safety Board, Washington, DC. http:\/\/www.ntsb.gov\/events\/symp_motorcycle_safety\/symp_motorcycle_safety.htm (last accessed 05.10.10)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3141\/2194-09","article-title":"A survey of novice riders and their riding experience prior to licensing","volume":"2194","author":"de Rome","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0080","unstructured":"de Rome, L., Stanford, G., 2006. Motorcycle protective clothing: fashion or function. The 2006 International Motorcycle Safety Conference, Motorcycle Safety Foundation, Long Beach. http:\/\/www.msf-usa.org\/imsc\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0085","unstructured":"de Rome, L., Stanford, G., Wood, B., 2003. Motorcycle protective clothing. Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, Sydney. http:\/\/www.rsconference.com."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0090","unstructured":"EEVC, 1993. Report on motorcycle safety. An ESV Paper, Report of the Ad-hoc Group on Motorcycle Safety, 1994. European Experimental Vehicles Committee, Brussels. http:\/\/www.eevc.org\/publicdocs\/publicdocs.htm (last accessed 05.10.10)."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1080\/0014013031000085644","article-title":"Effects of wearing aircrew protective clothing on physiological and cognitive responses under various ambient conditions","volume":"46","author":"Faerevik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0100","unstructured":"FCAI, 2004. Voluntary code of practice for motor vehicle advertising \u2013 amended 2007. Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Canberra."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0105","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Meeting on Biomechanics of Injury to Pedestrians, Cyclists and Motorcyclists","first-page":"75","article-title":"The typical traffic accident in adolescents: the motorcycle accident \u2013 some epidemiologic features and the effectiveness of safety helmets and clothing","author":"Feldkamp","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3141\/2140-20","article-title":"Comparison of risk taking in moped and motorcycle crashes","volume":"2140","author":"Haworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0115","series-title":"Case\u2013Control Study of Motorcycle Crashes. CR 174","author":"Haworth","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0120","series-title":"Proceedings of the 37th American Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Conference","article-title":"Typical injury patterns of motorcyclists in different crash types \u2013 effectiveness & improvement of countermeasures","author":"Hell","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0125","series-title":"Proceedings of the 25th American Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Conference","article-title":"Effectiveness of motorcycle safety helmets and protective clothing","author":"Hurt","year":"1981"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2006.011825","article-title":"A cohort study of 20822 young drivers: the drive study methods and population","volume":"12","author":"Ivers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0135","first-page":"55","article-title":"The hidden hazard of protective apparel","volume":"71","author":"James","year":"2002","journal-title":"Occupational Health & Safety"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.186","article-title":"Factors associated with severity of motorcycle injuries among young adult riders","volume":"41","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.010","article-title":"A review of risk factors and patterns of motorcycle injuries","volume":"41","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, B., Ivers, R., Norton, R., Boufous, S., Blows, S., Lo, S., 2008. Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders (review). Cockrane Database of Systematic Reviews.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004333.pub3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0155","unstructured":"Lumley, T., Kronmal, R., Ma, S., 2006. Relative risk regression in medical research: models, contrasts, estimators and algorithms. UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series. University of Washington."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0160","unstructured":"Manzardo, D., 2006. Report on the performance of riders protective devices and the corresponding injuries of riders. State-of-the-art regarding motorcyclists helmets and clothing. Future research guidelines. APROSYS SP44 Integrated Project on Advanced Protection Systems. http:\/\/www.aprosys.com\/ (last accessed 20.08.10)."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2211.2008","article-title":"Chemical-biological protective clothing: effects of design and initial state on physiological strain","volume":"79","author":"McLellan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.123299","article-title":"Changes in motorcycle-related head injury deaths, hospitalizations, and hospital charges following repeal of pennsylvania's mandatory motorcycle helmet law","volume":"98","author":"Mertz","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(84)90007-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the motorcycle rider course","volume":"16","author":"Mortimer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2007.018093","article-title":"Helmet use and the risk of neck or cervical spine injury among users of motorized two-wheel vehicles","volume":"14","author":"Moskal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0185","first-page":"969","article-title":"Physiological effects of solar heat load in a fighter cockpit","volume":"47","author":"Nunneley","year":"1976","journal-title":"Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0190","unstructured":"Otte, D., Middelhauve, V., 1987. Quantification of protective effects of special synthetic protectors in clothing for motorcyclists. In: Cesari, D., Charpenne, A. (Eds.), International IRCOBI Conference of the Biomechanics of Impacts. IRCOBI, Birmingham, UK, pp. 1\u201318."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00224-3","article-title":"The risky and protective motorcycling opinions and behaviours of young on-road motorcyclists in New Zealand","volume":"42","author":"Reeder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0200","series-title":"Contemporary Ergonomics: Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society's Annual Conference","article-title":"Motorcycle ergonomics: an exploratory study","author":"Robertson","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0205","series-title":"Motorcyclists: Image and Reality","author":"Rothe","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0210","unstructured":"RTA, 2009. Motorcycle Rider's Handbook. Roads and Traffic Authority, Sydney, Australia. http:\/\/www.Rta.Nsw.Gov.Au\/licensing\/downloads\/motorcycleridershandbook_dl1.Html?Plid=6."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0215","unstructured":"SAS, 2008. 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0220","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Motorcycle Safety Conference, May 18\u201323","first-page":"145","article-title":"Analysis and evaluation of the motorcycle rider course in thirteen northern Illinois counties","author":"Satten","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0225","series-title":"SAE International Congress and Exposition \u2013 Crash Injury Impairment and Disability: Long Term Effects","first-page":"51","article-title":"Disability and impairment of protected and unprotected motorcycle riders","author":"Schuller","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0230","unstructured":"Sexton, B.F., Baughan, C.J., Elliott, M.A., Maycock, G., 2004. The accident risk of motorcyclists. TRL Report 607. TRL Limited, London."},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1108\/09556220210437167","article-title":"Recent developments in materials for use in protective clothing","volume":"14","author":"Shishoo","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi188","article-title":"Easy SAS calculation for risk or prevalence ratios and differences","volume":"162","author":"Spiegelman","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0245","unstructured":"TFL, 2006. Cool Leather, TFL Cool System Leather International Volume 208 (No. 4767)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0250","unstructured":"Watson, B., Wishart, D., Christie, T., 2008. Canberra motorcycle apparel observation study. NRMA_ACT Road Safety Trust, Canberra. http:\/\/www.roadsafetytrust.org.au\/c\/rtt?a=da&did=1004593 (last accessed 05.10.10)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0255","unstructured":"WHO, 2004. In: Peden, M., Scurfield, R., Sleet, D., Mohan, D., Hyder, A., Jarawan, E., Mathers, C. (Eds.), World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention. World Health Organisation, Geneva."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0260","unstructured":"WHO, 2009. Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for Action. World Health Organization, Geneva. www.Who.Int\/violence_injury_prevention\/road_safety_status\/2009 (last accessed 12.06.10)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0265","first-page":"52","article-title":"Motorcycle rider protective apparel wearing: observational study results from the Brisbane and Canberra regions","volume":"20","author":"Wishart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197911000-00007","article-title":"Injury patterns in motorcycle accidents","volume":"19","author":"Zettas","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma \u2013 Injury, Infection & Critical Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457510003957?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457510003957?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T08:54:40Z","timestamp":1544000080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457510003957"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001457510003957"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}