{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:49:23Z","timestamp":1788871763476,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008257","name":"Tarbiat Modares University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]],"date-time":"2011-04-18T13:40:48Z","timestamp":1303134048000},"page":"1562-1569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The frequency and predictors of helmet use among Iranian motorcyclists: A quantitative and qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Zamani-Alavijeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bazargan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Shafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrzad","family":"Bazargan-Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.8.1352","article-title":"Autopsy study of motorcyclist fatalities: the effect of the 1992 Maryland motorcycle helmet use law","volume":"92","author":"Auman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3181c35653","article-title":"The effect of the 1997 Texas motorcycle helmet law on motorcycle crash fatalities","volume":"103","author":"Bavon","year":"2010","journal-title":"South Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0015","first-page":"141","article-title":"Traffic law compliance in the city of Santa Fe, Argentina","volume":"22","author":"Beltramino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pan Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1604-9","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 attitudes and behaviour towards motorcycle helmet use in Italy","volume":"164","author":"Bianco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2008.03.001","article-title":"Heat loss variations of full-face motorcycle helmets","volume":"40","author":"Bogerd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v2i1.13","article-title":"Revisiting current strategies for primary prevention of motorcycle collisions in Jamaica","volume":"2","author":"Cawich","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inj. Violence Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.06.018","article-title":"Characteristics of motorcycle-related hospitalizations: comparing states with different helmet laws","volume":"39","author":"Coben","year":"2007","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b365a2","article-title":"Impact of motorcycle helmets and state laws on society's burden: a national study","volume":"250","author":"Croce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.06.034","article-title":"Motorcycle helmets save lives, but not limbs: a National Trauma Data Bank analysis of functional outcomes after motorcycle crash","volume":"158","author":"Crompton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2005.11.002","article-title":"Risky behavior of drivers of motorized two wheeled vehicles in India","volume":"37","author":"Dandona","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2005.010728","article-title":"Patterns of road traffic injuries in a vulnerable population in Hyderabad, India","volume":"12","author":"Dandona","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2007.09.007","article-title":"The deterrent effect of increasing fixed penalties for traffic offences: the Norwegian experience","volume":"38","author":"Elvik","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1076\/icsp.10.1.109.14115","article-title":"Traffic-related injury prevention interventions for low-income countries","volume":"10","author":"Forjuoh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inj. Control Saf. Promot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2008.019356","article-title":"Understanding reasons for non-compliance in motorcycle helmet use among adolescents in Greece","volume":"15","author":"Germeni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.3.357","article-title":"Users\u2019 guides to the medical literature: XXIII. Qualitative research in health care A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-based medicine working Group","volume":"284","author":"Giacomini","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2006.05.004","article-title":"Encouraging compliance with graduated driver licensing restrictions","volume":"37","author":"Goodwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2006.012724","article-title":"Prevalence of helmet use among motorcycle riders in Vietnam","volume":"12","author":"Hung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.05.002","article-title":"Barriers to, and factors associated, with observed motorcycle helmet use in Vietnam","volume":"40","author":"Hung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580701882607","article-title":"Motorcycle helmets in Vietnam: ownership, quality, purchase price, and affordability","volume":"9","author":"Hung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395070190020401","article-title":"Exploring the economics of motorcycle helmet laws\u2013implications for low and middle-income countries","volume":"19","author":"Hyder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00102-6","article-title":"Effect of the helmet act for motorcyclists in Thailand","volume":"35","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev. Mar."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00102-6","article-title":"Effect of the helmet act for motorcyclists in Thailand","volume":"35","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev. Mar."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v2i2.25","article-title":"People's perspectives and expectations on preparedness against earthquakes: Tehran case study","volume":"2","author":"Jahangiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inj. Violence Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00049.x","article-title":"Factors associated with helmet use among motorcycle users in Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102008000100019","article-title":"Helmet use among motorcyclists: observational study in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina","volume":"42","author":"Ledesma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Saude Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0130","series-title":"Naturalistic Inquiry","author":"Lincoln","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0135","first-page":"CD004333","article-title":"Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v2i2.36","article-title":"A participatory approach to health promotion for informal sector workers in Thailand Abstract PDF XML HTML","volume":"2","author":"Manothum","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inj. Violence Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00609.x","article-title":"Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities among Hispanics in Rural North Carolina","volume":"10","author":"March","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2008.07.001","article-title":"The effects of a mandatory motorcycle helmet law on helmet use and injury patterns among motorcyclist fatalities","volume":"39","author":"Mayrose","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.08.004","article-title":"Generalized linear regression analysis of association of universal helmet laws with motorcyclist fatality rates","volume":"38","author":"Morris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0155","series-title":"Mortality in 23 Provinces of Iran in 2003","author":"Naghavi","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.04.001","article-title":"Temporal distribution of motorcyclist injuries and risk of fatalities in relation to age, helmet use, and riding while intoxicated in Khon Kaen, Thailand","volume":"37","author":"Nakahara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-7-85","article-title":"Why, and how, mixed methods research is undertaken in health services research in England: a mixed methods study","volume":"14","author":"O\u2019Cathain","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580601058472","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Nigerian commercial motorcyclists in the use of crash helmet and other safety measures","volume":"8","author":"Oginni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580903497121","article-title":"Impact of mandatory motorcycle helmet wearing legislation on head injuries in Viet Nam: results of a preliminary analysis","volume":"11","author":"Passmore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(96)00022-X","article-title":"Injuries sustained by motorcycle riders in the approaching turn crash configuration","volume":"28","author":"Peek-Asa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.11.017","article-title":"Risky behaviors among motorcycling adolescents in Italy","volume":"148","author":"Pileggi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00224-3","article-title":"The risky and protective motorcycling opinions and behaviours of young on-road motorcyclists in New Zealand","volume":"42","author":"Reeder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008124703161","article-title":"Motorcycle helmet laws and motorcyclist fatalities","volume":"18","author":"Sass","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Regul. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0200","article-title":"Sustaining relationships between communities and local health systems: two Iranian villages","author":"Sheikhattari","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Int. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.5.4.264","article-title":"Factors affecting motorcycle helmet use in the population of Greater Athens, Greece","volume":"5","author":"Skalkidou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v2i1.26","article-title":"Determinants of safety helmet use among motorcyclists in Kerala, India","volume":"2","author":"Sreedharan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inj. Violence Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0215","first-page":"95","article-title":"Motorcycle fatal accidents in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran","volume":"39","author":"Vafaee-Najar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580902822717","article-title":"Accident-related risk behaviors associated with motivations for motorcycle use in Iran: a country with very high traffic deaths","volume":"10","author":"Zamani-Alavijeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580902822717","article-title":"Accident-related risk behaviors associated with motivations for motorcycle use in Iran: a country with very high traffic deaths","volume":"10","author":"Zamani-Alavijeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-393","article-title":"Motorcyclists\u2019 reactions to safety helmet law: a qualitative study","volume":"9","author":"Zamani-Alavijeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00378-9","article-title":"Pediatric transport related injuries in Tehran: the necessity of implementation of injury prevention protocols","volume":"34","author":"Zargar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016_bib0240","first-page":"81","article-title":"Pattern of motorcycle-related injuries in Tehran, 1999 to 2000: a study in 6 hospitals","volume":"12","author":"Zargar","year":"2006","journal-title":"East. Mediterr. Health J."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457511000674?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457511000674?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T16:10:45Z","timestamp":1637511045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457511000674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001457511000674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}}}