{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T19:42:43Z","timestamp":1757706163770},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Verkehrssicherheitsfonds of the Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology"},{"name":"ASFINAG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,26]],"date-time":"2011-06-26T15:22:24Z","timestamp":1309101744000},"page":"2112-2120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Required length of guardrails before hazards"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Tomasch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Sinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Hoschopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gobald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Steffan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Nadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Nadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Strnad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0005","unstructured":"AASHTO, 2002. Roadside Design Guide; 1-1-2002 (Report)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0010","series-title":"Proceedings of International Congress & Exposition","article-title":"Data from five staged car to car collisions and comparison with simulations","author":"Bailey","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0015","series-title":"Proceedings of International Congress & Exposition","article-title":"Validation of PC-Crash\u2014A Momentum-Based Accident Reconstruction Program","author":"Cliff","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0020","series-title":"Statistics in Focus\u2014Transport; Eurostat catalogue number CA-NZ-00-003-EN-I, 2000 (Report)","author":"Collin","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0025","series-title":"EN 1317-4\u2014Impact Test Acceptance Criteria and Test Methods for Terminals and Transitions of Safety Barriers","author":"European Committee for Standardization","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0030","series-title":"EN 1317-2\u2014Performance Classes, Impact Test Acceptance Criteria and Test Methods for Safety Barriers and Vehicle Parapets","author":"European Committee for Standardization","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0035","series-title":"RVS 05.02.31\u2014Anforderungen und Aufstellung","author":"FSV","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0040","series-title":"ROLLOVER\u2014Improvement of Rollover Safety for Passenger Vehicles; Final Report","author":"Gugler","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0045","series-title":"Ermittlung der notwendigen Aufstelll\u00e4ngen f\u00fcr Leitschienen in Kurvenbereichen unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung der typischen Auslaufbewegung unterschiedlicher Fahrzeuge; 1. Edition","author":"Hoschopf","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0050","series-title":"Proceedings of ESAR","article-title":"Single vehicle accidents incidence and avoidance","author":"Hoschopf","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2010.508804","article-title":"Comparison between Euro NCAP test results and real-world crash data","volume":"11","author":"Kullgren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0060","series-title":"Proceedings of ESV \u2013 Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference","article-title":"SARAC \u2013 Safety Rating based on Real-World Crashes for Supplementation of New Car Assessment Programs","author":"Langwieder","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580214632","article-title":"How do Euro NCAP results correlate with real-life injury risks? A paired comparison study of car-to-car crashes","volume":"3","author":"Lie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0070","series-title":"Barrier Guide For Low Volume and Low Speed Roads (Final Report)","author":"Louis","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0075","series-title":"Proceedings of Session: International Congress & Exposition","article-title":"Tire-road friction in winter conditions for accident reconstruction","author":"Martin","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0080","series-title":"NCHRP Report 350\u2014Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features","author":"National Cooperative Highway Research Program","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580309865","article-title":"U.S. consumer crash test results and injury risk in police-reported crashes","volume":"4","author":"Newstead","year":"2003","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0095","unstructured":"NHTSA Star Rating, US NCAP Crash test star rating; http:\/\/www.crashtest.com\/explanations\/nhtsa\/usncap.htm access to website (11-1-2011)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0100","series-title":"Proceedings of Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference\u2014Transportation Challenges in Emerging Markets: Safety","article-title":"Soil trip rollover simulation and occupant kinematics in real world accident","author":"Ootani","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0105","unstructured":"Piana, A., 2010. Ma\u00dfnahmenkatalog zur Unfallreduktion und Minimierung der Verletzungsschwere am bestehenden Stra\u00dfennetz und Vorschl\u00e4ge zur Risikominimierung f\u00fcr neue Abschnitte; TU Graz \u2013 Institut f\u00fcr Fahrzeugsicherheit, Graz, Thesis\/Dissertation 23-11-2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0110","series-title":"Kontaktmechanik und Reibung Ein Lehr- und Anwendungsbuch von der Nanotribologie bis zur numerischen Simulation; 1. Edition","author":"Popov","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0115","series-title":"Proceedings of Washington DC","article-title":"Guardrail flare rates","author":"Reid","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0120","series-title":"Deliverable D06\u2014European Best Practice for Roadside Design: Guidelines for Roadside Infrastructure on New and Existing Roads","author":"RISER","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0125","series-title":"Final Report\u2014Roadside Infrastructure for Safer European Roads","author":"RISER","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0130","series-title":"Development of Guardrail Runout Length Calculation Procedures; NDOR Research Project Number SPR-PL-1(3) P479","author":"Sicking","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0135","unstructured":"Statistics Austria, National accident statistics; www.statistik-austria.at."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0140","series-title":"Proceedings of International Congress & Exposition","article-title":"The collision and trajectory models of Pc-Crash","author":"Steffan","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0145","series-title":"Proceedings of International Congress & Exposition","article-title":"How to use PC-Crash to simulate rollover crashes","author":"Steffan","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0150","series-title":"PENDANT\u2014Pan-European Co-ordinated Accident and Injury Databases; Final Report","author":"Thomas","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0155","series-title":"Deliverable D03\u2014critical vehicle and infrastructure interactions","author":"Thomson","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0160","unstructured":"Tomasch, E., 2007. Entwicklung und systematische Verwertung einer In-depth Datenbank t\u00f6dlicher Verkehrsunf\u00e4lle; TU Graz \u2013 Institut f\u00fcr Fahrzeugsicherheit, Graz, Thesis\/Dissertation 9-11-2007."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0165","unstructured":"Tomasch, E., Hoschopf, H., Gobald, M., Nadler, B., Nadler, F., Strnad, B., Schneider, F., 2010a. Sicherheitsbeurteilung der Anfangselemente von Leitschienen und Betonleitw\u00e4nden; Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Verkehr, Innovation u. Technologie, \u00d6sterreichiser Verkehrssicherheitsfond (Report)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0170","series-title":"Proceedings of ESAR","article-title":"Single vehicle run-off-road accidents colliding turned down terminals of guardrails","author":"Tomasch","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0175","series-title":"Proceedings of ESAR","article-title":"ZEDATU \u2013 Zentrale Datenbank t\u00f6dlicher Unf\u00e4lle in \u00d6sterreich \u2013 A Central Database of Fatalities in Austria","author":"Tomasch","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0180","series-title":"Proceedings of Transport Research Arena","article-title":"Retrospective accident investigation using information from court","author":"Tomasch","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0185","series-title":"STAIRS \u2013 Standardisation of Accident and Injury Registration Systems","author":"Vallet","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034_bib0190","series-title":"Proceedings of Session: International Congress & Exposition","article-title":"Friction applications in accident reconstructions","author":"Warner","year":"1983"}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457511001631?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457511001631?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T13:23:14Z","timestamp":1562678594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457511001631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001457511001631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}