{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:55:26Z","timestamp":1768398926865,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T22:01:16Z","timestamp":1360792876000},"page":"261-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Stability of physical assessment of older drivers over 1 year"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"B\u00e9dard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"G\u00e9linas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Man-Son-Hing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Mazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Rapoport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Tuokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Vrkljan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M91","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/46.3.M91","article-title":"Rising from a chair: effects of age functional ability on performance biomechanics","volume":"46","author":"Alexander","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0010","series-title":"Physician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers","author":"American Medical Association","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(98)90003-9","article-title":"Reliability of range-of-motion measurement in the elbow and forearm","volume":"7","author":"Armstrong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery\/American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/089826439500700205","article-title":"Changes in functional ability from ages 70 to 75: a Danish longitudinal study","volume":"7","author":"Avlund","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Aging and Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000082640.61645.BF","article-title":"Functional decline from age 80 to 85: influence of preceding changes in tiredness in daily activities","volume":"65","author":"Avlund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-5871.2011.00702.x","article-title":"Australia's population future: probabilistic forecasts incorporating expert judgement","volume":"49","author":"Bell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geographical Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/32.3.315","article-title":"Identifying a cut-off point for normal mobility: a comparison of the timed \u2018up and go\u2019 test in community-dwelling and institutionalised elderly women","volume":"32","author":"Bischoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.17.93","article-title":"Long-term reliability of the timed up-and-go test among community-dwelling elders","volume":"17","author":"Bohannon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Therapy Science"},{"issue":"1532","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0137","article-title":"Human population growth and the demographic transition","volume":"364","author":"Bongaarts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199404000-00006","article-title":"Skeletal muscle weakness in old age: underlying mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Brooks","year":"1994","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0055","series-title":"Physician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers","author":"Carr","year":"2010"},{"issue":"7267","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7267.990","article-title":"Reliability of snellen charts for testing visual acuity for driving: prospective study and postal questionnaire","volume":"321","author":"Currie","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0065","first-page":"343","article-title":"The validity of using the mini mental state examination in NICE dementia guidelines","volume":"75","author":"Davey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"409","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0070","first-page":"473","article-title":"The whispered voice: the best test for screening for hearing impairment in general practice?","volume":"46","author":"Eekhof","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1990.tb01100.x","article-title":"The reliability of the Pelli\u2013Robson contrast sensitivity chart","volume":"10","author":"Elliott","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: The Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24291","article-title":"Reliability of stationary dynamometer muscle strength testing in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"82","author":"Ford-Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.64.6.457","article-title":"Observer variation in ophthalmology","volume":"64","author":"Gibson","year":"1980","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60274-9","article-title":"Reliability of five methods for assessing shoulder range of motion","volume":"47","author":"Hayes","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2002.12.002","article-title":"The brief motor scale (BMS) for the assessment of motor soft signs in schizophrenic psychoses and other psychiatric disorders","volume":"142","author":"Jahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2367","article-title":"Visual and cognitive deficits predict stopping or restricting driving: the salisbury eye evaluation driving study (SEEDS)","volume":"50","author":"Keay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199806)21:6<762::AID-MUS8>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Functional significance of upper and lower motor neuron impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Kent-Braun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0110","unstructured":"Kong, L., 2011. Reaction time and mobility testing in a cross-Canada population of older drivers. Faculty of Medicine, B.Sc. (Med) Projects, http:\/\/mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca\/handle\/1993\/5170."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3109\/02703181.2011.573619","article-title":"Test\u2013retest reliability of the preroad DriveABLE competence screen","volume":"29","author":"Korner-Bitensky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physical and Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2007.01.002","article-title":"Older driver retraining: a systematic review of evidence of effectiveness","volume":"38","author":"Kua","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/74.2.162","article-title":"Reliability of passive wrist flexion and extension goniometric measurements: a multicenter study","volume":"74","author":"LaStayo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1988.tb01170.x","article-title":"Validity and reliability of visual acuity measurements","volume":"8","author":"Lovie-Kitchin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: The Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-90","article-title":"Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine","volume":"8","author":"Luomajoki","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01177.x","article-title":"Systematic review of driving risk and the efficacy of compensatory strategies in persons with dementia","volume":"55","author":"Man-Son-Hing","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M186","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.3.M186","article-title":"Risk factors for motor vehicle crashes in older women","volume":"57","author":"Margolis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology A","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1079-5006","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0134-3","article-title":"A randomized trial of a physical conditioning program to enhance the driving performance of older persons","volume":"22","author":"Marottoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-11-199412010-00003","article-title":"Predictors of automobile crashes and moving violations among elderly drivers","volume":"121","author":"Marottoli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4819","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-11-199412010-00003","article-title":"Predictors of automobile crashes and moving violations among elderly drivers","volume":"121","author":"Marottoli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01071.x","article-title":"Development of a test battery to identify older drivers at risk for self-reported adverse driving events","volume":"46","author":"Marottoli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8614","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580801895244","article-title":"The role of reduced fitness to drive due to medical impairments in explaining crashes involving older drivers","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traffic Injury Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0175","article-title":"Protocol for Candrive II\/Ozcandrive, a multicentre prospective older driver cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Marshall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.5.424","article-title":"Relations among chronic medical conditions, medications, and automobile crashes in the elderly: a population-based case-control study","volume":"152","author":"McGwin","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-93-5-380","article-title":"Reliability of clinical tests of foot and ankle characteristics in older people","volume":"93","author":"Menz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0190","first-page":"59","article-title":"Older drivers\u2014a complex public health issue","volume":"11","author":"Millar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Reports","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0840-6529","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3109\/09593980903094230","article-title":"Reliability of shoulder range of motion comparing a goniometer to a digital level","volume":"26","author":"Mullaney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.01.011","article-title":"The timed up & go test: its reliability and association with lower-limb impairments and locomotor capacities in people with chronic stroke","volume":"86","author":"Ng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.34619","article-title":"The reliability of upper- and lower-extremity strength testing in a community survey of older adults","volume":"83","author":"Ottenbacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The timed \u201cup & go\u201d: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0215","first-page":"963","article-title":"Vision loss in older persons","volume":"79","author":"Pelletier","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0220","series-title":"Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice","first-page":"77","article-title":"Reliability","author":"Portney","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0225","first-page":"717","article-title":"Reliability and validity of three strength measures obtained from community-dwelling elderly persons","volume":"19","author":"Schaubert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M22","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.1.M22","article-title":"Exploratory study of incident vehicle crashes among older drivers","volume":"55","author":"Sims","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1079-5006","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1177\/089826430101300306","article-title":"Mobility impairments in crash-involved older drivers","volume":"13","author":"Sims","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Aging and Health","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0898-2643","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0240","unstructured":"Sinha, J., 2011. Reliability in measuring the range of motion of the aging cervical spine. Msc, The University of Manitoba (http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1993\/4437)."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/23.5.371","article-title":"Strength, power and related functional ability of healthy people aged 65\u201389 years","volume":"23","author":"Skelton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2003.0041","article-title":"An evaluation of population projections by age","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2003.09.002","article-title":"MaryPODS revisited: updated crash analysis and implications for screening program implementation","volume":"34","author":"Staplin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"issue":"273","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0260","first-page":"197","article-title":"The whispered voice as a screening test for hearing impairment","volume":"35","author":"Swan","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02602346","article-title":"Validity and reliability of auditory screening tests in demented and non-demented older adults","volume":"4","author":"Uhlmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020701689688","article-title":"Clinical assessment of balance: normative data, and gender and age effects","volume":"47","author":"Vereeck","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.07.225","article-title":"Grip strength in older adults: test\u2013retest reliability and cutoff for subjective weakness of using the hands in heavy tasks","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/71.2.98","article-title":"Reliability of measurements of cervical spine range of motion\u2014comparison of three methods","volume":"71","author":"Youdas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457513000444?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457513000444?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T18:18:55Z","timestamp":1562696335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457513000444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0001457513000444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Stability of physical assessment of older drivers over 1 year","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}