{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:38:16Z","timestamp":1793205496116,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T14:38:21Z","timestamp":1385131101000},"page":"69-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The influence of a bicycle commuter's appearance on drivers\u2019 overtaking proximities: An on-road test of bicyclist stereotypes, high-visibility clothing and safety aids in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Ian","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Garrard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Jowitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0005","series-title":"Motorcycle Accident In-depth Study","article-title":"MAIDS","author":"ACEM","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.11.1621","article-title":"All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports and cycling to work","volume":"160","author":"Andersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0015","series-title":"Drivers\u2019 Perceptions of Cyclists","author":"Basford","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2005.04.006","article-title":"Driver behaviour in intersections: formal and informal traffic rules","volume":"8","author":"Bj\u00f6rklund","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part F"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.7.1.72","article-title":"Reported bicycle helmet use among adults in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Bolen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Family Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1999.0527","article-title":"Injury prevention behaviors: a report card for the nation, 1995","volume":"29","author":"Bolen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Preventative Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0035","series-title":"Cycling: Towards Health and Safety","author":"British Medical Association","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.06.009","article-title":"Equine road user safety: public attitudes, understandings and beliefs from a qualitative study in the United Kingdom","volume":"43","author":"Chapman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3141\/2321-06","article-title":"Observations of driver behavior during overtaking of bicycles on rural roads","volume":"2321","author":"Chapman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.03.029","article-title":"The use of a quasi-naturalistic riding method to investigate bicyclists\u2019 behaviors when motorists pass","volume":"56","author":"Chuang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1071\/HE08010","article-title":"Bicycle helmets and public health in Australia","volume":"19","author":"Curnow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Promotion Journal of Australia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160802203971","article-title":"Estimating the speed of vehicles: the influence of stereotypes","volume":"15","author":"Davies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychology, Crime & Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0065","series-title":"Operational and Safety Impacts of Restriping Inside Lanes of Urban Multilane Curbed Roadways to 11 Feet or Less to Create Wider Outside Curb Lanes for Bicyclists","author":"Florida Department of Transportation","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2012.06.003","article-title":"Bicycle helmets \u2013 a case of risk compensation?","volume":"15","author":"Fyhri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part F"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2009.10.003","article-title":"Who is the typical bicyclist?","volume":"13","author":"Gatersleben","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part F"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.015","article-title":"Attention and search conspicuity of motorcycles as a function of their visual context","volume":"44","author":"Gershon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0085","series-title":"Cyclists\u2019 Assessments of Road and Traffic Conditions: The Development of a Cyclability Index","author":"Guthrie","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0090","series-title":"Literature Review of Interventions to Improve the Conspicuity of Motorcyclists and Help Avoid \u2018Looked by Failed to See\u2019 Accidents","author":"Helman","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0095","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(90)90002-3","article-title":"An analysis of fatal bicycle accidents in Victoria (Australia) with a special reference to nighttime accidents","volume":"22","author":"Hoque","year":"1990","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-070X(98)00029-8","article-title":"Passion and heart in transport \u2013 a sociological analysis on transport behaviour","volume":"6","author":"Jensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transport Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.07.002","article-title":"Bicyclist injury severities in bicycle\u2013motor vehicle accidents","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.03.002","article-title":"Is the three-foot bicycle passing law working in Baltimore, Maryland?","volume":"48","author":"Love","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00061-5","article-title":"Cyclist road deaths in London 1985\u20131992: drivers, vehicles, manoeuvres and injuries","volume":"28","author":"McCarthy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0125","series-title":"Stereotypes as Explanations","article-title":"Social, cultural and cognitive factors in stereotype formation","author":"McGarty","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0130","series-title":"The use of conspicuity aids by cyclists and the risk of crashes involving other road users: a population based case\u2013control study","author":"Miller","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0135","series-title":"Understanding Public Attitudes to Road Safety","author":"Musselwhite","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.08.007","article-title":"Models of perceived cycling risk and route acceptibility","volume":"39","author":"Parkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.018","article-title":"The effect of cycle lanes on the proximity between motor traffic and cycle traffic","volume":"42","author":"Parkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.01.004","article-title":"Overtaking, read-end, and door crashes involving bicycles: an empirical investigation","volume":"43","author":"Pai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/01441640701806612","article-title":"Making cycling irresistible: lessons from the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany","volume":"28","author":"Pucher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transport Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0160","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00032-5","article-title":"Getting off your bike: cycling accidents in Great Britain in 1990\u20131999","volume":"35","author":"Stone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2007.016675","article-title":"Conspicuity and bicycle crashes: preliminary findings of the Taupo Bicycle Study","volume":"14","author":"Thornley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0175","series-title":"Pedal Cyclist Casualties in Greater London","author":"Transport for London","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0180","first-page":"733","article-title":"Health, fitness, physical activity and morbidity of middle aged male factory workers","volume":"43","author":"Tuxworth","year":"1986","journal-title":"British Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0185","series-title":"A critical review of the legal penalties for drivers who kill cyclists or pedestrians","author":"Voelcker","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0190","unstructured":"Walker, I., 2006. Time of day effects in drivers\u2019 overtaking of bicycles. PHILICA.COM Article number 24."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.08.010","article-title":"Drivers overtaking bicyclists: objective data on the effects of riding position, helmet use, vehicle type and apparent gender","volume":"39","author":"Walker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0200","series-title":"Mobile Methodologies","article-title":"In-vivo sampling of naive drivers: benefits, practicalities and ethical considerations","author":"Walker","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0205","series-title":"The Oxford and Cambridge Cycling Survey: A Large-scale Study of Bicycle Users in Two Major UK Cycling Cities","author":"Walker","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0210","series-title":"Bicycle Safety Devices \u2013 Effects on Vehicle Passing Distances","author":"Watts","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0215","unstructured":"whatdotheyknow, 2013. Licensed driver statistics: UK and London. Retrieved 24 July 2013 from https:\/\/www.whatdotheyknow.com\/request\/licensed_drivers_statistics_uk_a."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.014","article-title":"Drivers\u2019 and cyclists\u2019 experiences of sharing the road: incidents, attitudes and perceptions of visibility","volume":"41","author":"Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007_bib0225","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2013. Quantifying the health benefits of cycling and walking. http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/what-we-do\/health-topics\/disease-prevention\/physical-activity\/activities\/quantifying-the-health-benefits-of-cycling-and-walking."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457513004636?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457513004636?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T23:06:44Z","timestamp":1757545604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457513004636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0001457513004636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The influence of a bicycle commuter's appearance on drivers\u2019 overtaking proximities: An on-road test of bicyclist stereotypes, high-visibility clothing and safety aids in the United Kingdom","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2013.11.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}