{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:17:27Z","timestamp":1792030647245,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001637","name":"Studentship Award of Trinity College Dublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T18:30:35Z","timestamp":1442860235000},"page":"83-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The influence of gait stance on pedestrian lower limb injury risk"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Guibing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4737-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jikuang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5564-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciaran","family":"Simms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90025-X","article-title":"Advances in the fracture mechanics of cortical bone","volume":"20","author":"Bonfield","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2907767","article-title":"Injury tolerance and moment response of the knee joint to combined valgus bending and shear loading","volume":"130","author":"Bose","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0015","series-title":"SAE World Congress","article-title":"A comparative study between China and IHRA for the vehicle-pedestrian impacts","author":"Chen","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0020","series-title":"Third International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation (ICDMA2012)","first-page":"582","article-title":"Optimization of longitudinal beam for improvement of crashworthiness in frontal and offset impacts","author":"Chen","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV)","article-title":"Final report \u2013 the pedestrian crash data study","author":"Chidester","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.07.022","article-title":"Pedestrian head translation, rotation and impact velocity: the influence of vehicle speed, pedestrian speed and pedestrian gait","volume":"45","author":"Elliott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/13588265.2011.632243","article-title":"Finite element analysis of kinematic behaviour and injuries to pedestrians in vehicle collisions","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Crashworthiness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0040","series-title":"SAE 2008 World Congress & Exhibition","article-title":"Pedestrian lower extremity response and injury: a small sedan versus a large sport utility vehicle","author":"Kerrigan","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0045","series-title":"2004 Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of pedestrian crashes: review of pedestrian models and parameter study of the influence of the sedan vehicle contour","author":"Linder","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580210517","article-title":"A study of influences of vehicle speed and front structure on pedestrian impact responses using mathematical models","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0060","series-title":"19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference (ESV)","article-title":"Pedestrian injury mechanisms & criteria: a coupled experimental and finite element approach","author":"Masson","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0065","series-title":"Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference (ESV)","article-title":"Pedestrian-vehicle accident: analysis of 4 full scale tests with PMHS","author":"Masson","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.03.005","article-title":"Effects of vehicle bumper height and impact velocity on type of lower extremity injury in vehicle\u2013pedestrian accidents","volume":"37","author":"Matsui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2013.07.024","article-title":"Investigation of the injury threshold of knee ligaments by the parametric study of car\u2013pedestrian impact conditions","volume":"62","author":"Mo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0080","series-title":"Finite Element Model of Toyota RAV4, Model Year 1997, Version 1","author":"NCAC","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0085","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference","first-page":"281","article-title":"Technical parameters and mechanisms for the injury risk of the knee joint of vulnerable road users impacter by cars in road traffic accidents","author":"Otte","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0090","series-title":"Annual Proceedings\/Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, vol. 51","first-page":"63","article-title":"Characteristics on fractures of tibia and fibula in car impacts to pedestrians and bicyclists \u2013 influences of car bumper height and shape","author":"Otte","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/13588265.2012.698578","article-title":"Effects of pedestrian gait, vehicle-front geometry and impact velocity on kinematics of adult and child pedestrian head","volume":"17","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Crashworthiness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0100","series-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference (ESV)","article-title":"Development of next generation human FE model capable of organ injury prediction","author":"Shigeta","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0110","series-title":"Development and validation of the finite element model for the human lower limb of pedestrians. SAE Technical Paper, Paper number 2000-01-SC22","author":"Takahashi","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0115","series-title":"Documentation: Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS), AM50 pedestrian\/occupant model advanced version 4.0_20111003","author":"Toyota Motor Corporation","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijimpeng.2008.01.012","article-title":"Crash reconstruction of pedestrian accidents using optimization techniques","volume":"36","author":"Untaroiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Impact Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0125","series-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference (ESV)","article-title":"Research of collision speed dependency of pedestrian head and chest injuries using human FE model (THUMS version 4)","author":"Watanabe","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1\/2\/3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1504\/IJVS.2005.007540","article-title":"Review of injury biomechanics in car\u2013pedestrian collisions","volume":"1","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Veh. Saf."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000145751530021X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000145751530021X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T03:58:41Z","timestamp":1537329521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000145751530021X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S000145751530021X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The influence of gait stance on pedestrian lower limb injury risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}