{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:30:51Z","timestamp":1790386251434,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003688","name":"Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]],"date-time":"2016-03-16T23:02:05Z","timestamp":1458169325000},"page":"190-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spatial regression analysis of traffic crashes in Seoul"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Kyoung-Ah","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon-Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-ihn","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudmundur F.","family":"Ulfarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0005","first-page":"62","article-title":"Geographically unit based analysis in the context of transportation safety planning","volume":"49","author":"Abdel-Aty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transp. Res. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0010","series-title":"Exploring Spatial Data with GeoDa\u2122: A Workbook","author":"Anselin","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1435-5597.1988.tb01155.x","article-title":"Do spatial effects really matter in regression analysis?","volume":"65","author":"Anselin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pap. Reg. Sci. Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.12.006","article-title":"Spatial anlaysis of fatal and injury crashes in Pennsylvania","volume":"38","author":"Aguero-Valverde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0025","series-title":"Geographically Weighted Regression: White Paper","author":"Charlton","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-003-0099-7","article-title":"Modelling spatially varying impacts of socioeconomic predictors on mortality outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Congdon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0035","series-title":"Transportation Research Record, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1897","first-page":"191","article-title":"Forecasting crashes at the planning level: simultaneous negative binomial crash model applied in Tucson, Arizona","author":"de Guevara","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0040","series-title":"Fundamental of Geographic Information Systems","author":"DeMers","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0045","series-title":"Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships","author":"Fotheringham","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.10.016","article-title":"Development of planning level transportation safety tools using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression","volume":"42","author":"Hadayeghi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0055","series-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1840","first-page":"87","article-title":"Microlevel accident prediction models for evaluating safety of urban transportation systems","author":"Hadayeghi","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0060","series-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2148","first-page":"27","article-title":"County-level crash risk analysis in Florida","author":"Huang","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00125","article-title":"Smoothing parameter selection in nonparametric regression using an improvement akaike information criterion","volume":"60","author":"Hurvich","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. (Ser. B)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2014.04.018","article-title":"Development of zone system for macro-level traffic safety analysis","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0075","series-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2398","first-page":"50","article-title":"Spatial effects on zone-level collision prediction models","author":"Karim","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(97)00122-X","article-title":"Heterogeneity considerations in accident modeling","volume":"31","author":"Karlaftis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00099-3","article-title":"Effects of work zone presence on injury and non-injury crashes","volume":"34","author":"Khattak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0090","series-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1607","first-page":"116","article-title":"Travel behavior as function of accessibility, land use mixing, and land use balance: evidence from San Francisco Bay Area","author":"Kockelman","year":"1997"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/10225706.2012.735436","article-title":"Towards exposure-based time-space pedestrian crash analysis in facing the challenges of ageing societies in Asia","volume":"30","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Geogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbs.2013.10.004","article-title":"Pedestrian exposure measures: a time-space framework","volume":"1","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Travel Behav. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(03)00063-0","article-title":"An ecological study of the locations of schools and child pedestrian injury collisions","volume":"36","author":"LaScala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0110","series-title":"Think Globally Act Regionally: GIS and Data Visualization for Social Science and Policy Research","author":"LeGates","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0115","series-title":"Spatial Econometrics","author":"LeSage","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0120","series-title":"The Theory and Practice of Spatial Econometrics","author":"LeSage","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0125","series-title":"Introduction to Spatial Econometrics","author":"LeSage","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00018-U","article-title":"Spatial analysis of Honolulu motor vehicle crashes. II. Zonal generators","volume":"27","author":"Levine","year":"1995","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0135","series-title":"Concepts and Techniques in Geographic Information Systems","author":"Lo","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/0739456X06297008","article-title":"Death on the crosswalk: a study of pedestrian-automobile collisions in Los Angeles","volume":"26","author":"Loukaitou-Sideris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Plann. Educ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amar.2013.09.001","article-title":"Analytic methods in accident research: methodological frontier and future directions","volume":"1","author":"Mannering","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/37.1-2.17","article-title":"Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena","volume":"37","author":"Moran","year":"1950","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.08.020","article-title":"Aggregate crash prediction models: introducing crash generation concept","volume":"42","author":"Naderan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0160","series-title":"GWR4 User Manual","author":"Nakaya","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00040-4","article-title":"Traffic fatalities and injuries: the effect of changes in infrastructure and other trends","volume":"35","author":"Noland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(03)00058-7","article-title":"The effect of infrastructure and demographic change on traffic-related fatalities and crashes: a case study of Illinois county-level data","volume":"36","author":"Noland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2003.11.001","article-title":"A spatially disaggregate analysis of road casualties in England","volume":"36","author":"Noland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"349","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1975.10480272","article-title":"Estimation methods for models of spatial interaction","volume":"70","author":"Ord","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.03.009","article-title":"Modeling area-wide count outcomes with spatial correlation and heterogeneity: an analysis of London crash data","volume":"40","author":"Quddus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1080\/0042098975970","article-title":"Congestion and safety on highways: towards an analytical model","volume":"34","author":"Shefer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.07.019","article-title":"Aggregate nonparametric safety analysis of traffic zones","volume":"45","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00135-5","article-title":"Differences in male and female injury severities in sport-utility vehicle, minivan, pickup and passenger car accidents","volume":"36","author":"Ulfarsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0205","series-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2236","first-page":"41","article-title":"Modeling the relationship between interstate crash occurrence and geometrics: exploratory insights from a random parameters negative binomial approach","author":"Venkataraman","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.06.021","article-title":"Random parameter models of interstate crash frequencies by severity, number of vehicles involved, collision and location type","volume":"59","author":"Venkataraman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amar.2014.01.001","article-title":"A heterogeneity-in-means count model for evaluating the effects of interchange type on heterogeneous influences of interstate geometrics on crash frequencies","volume":"2","author":"Venkataraman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2013.12.001","article-title":"Extending the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) framework for traffic safety performance evaluation","volume":"64","author":"Venkataraman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.07.030","article-title":"A Poisson-lognormal conditional-autoregressive model for multivariate spatial analysis of pedestrian crash counts across neighborhoods","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0230","series-title":"Incorporating Safety into Long-Range Transportation Planning NCHRP Report, No. 546, NCHRP Project 8-44, CRP-CD-62","author":"Washington","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-005-0155-6","article-title":"Multicollinearity and correlation among local regression coefficients in geographically weighted regression","volume":"7","author":"Wheeler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.12.005","article-title":"Measures of activity-based pedestrian exposure to the risk of vehicle-pedestrian collisions: space-time path vs potential path tree methods","volume":"75","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457516300562?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457516300562?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T08:27:05Z","timestamp":1536913625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457516300562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0001457516300562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spatial regression analysis of traffic crashes in Seoul","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}