{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:34:51Z","timestamp":1788950091071,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]],"date-time":"2016-04-27T18:17:16Z","timestamp":1461781036000},"page":"219-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) examination characteristics of cannabis impairment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack E.","family":"Richman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn A.","family":"Huestis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0005","first-page":"45","article-title":"Should per se limits be imposed for cannabis? Equating cannabinoid blood concentrations with actual driver impairment: practical limitations and concerns","volume":"35","author":"Armentano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Humboldt. J. Soc. Relat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e536","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e536","article-title":"Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis","volume":"344","author":"Asbridge","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.04.008","article-title":"Cannabis with high [Delta]9-THC contents affects perception and visual selective attention acutely: an event-related potential study","volume":"96","author":"B\u00f6cker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052545","article-title":"Weed or wheel! FMRI, behavioural, and toxicological investigations of how cannabis smoking affects skills necessary for driving","volume":"8","author":"Battistella","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0025","unstructured":"Berning A., Compton R., Wochinger K., 2015. Results of the 2013\u20132014 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers. Traffic Safety Facts: Research Note. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.DOT HS 812 118."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580701737561","article-title":"SAM survey on drugs and fatal accidents: search of substances consumed and comparison between drivers involved under the influence of alcohol or cannabis","volume":"9","author":"Biecheler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03928.x","article-title":"Medicinal THC (dronabinol) impairs on-the-road driving performance of occasional and heavy cannabis users but is not detected in Standardized Field Sobriety Tests","volume":"107","author":"Bosker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2732-y","article-title":"A placebo-controlled study to assess Standardized Field Sobriety Tests performance during alcohol and cannabis intoxication in heavy cannabis users and accuracy of point of collection testing devices for detecting THC in oral fluid","volume":"223","author":"Bosker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0045","series-title":"Clinical Procedures for Ocular Examination","author":"Carlson","year":"2012"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0050","first-page":"695","article-title":"Nystagmus testing in intoxicated individuals","volume":"74","author":"Citek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0055","series-title":"Eye Movement Basics for the Clinician","author":"Ciuffreda","year":"1995"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/28.6.475","article-title":"Lorazepam and driving impairment","volume":"28","author":"Clarkson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/31.4.227","article-title":"Dextromethorphan in Wisconsin drivers","volume":"31","author":"Cochems","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0070","unstructured":"Colorado Revised Statutes, 2014. Title 42. Vehicles and Traffic; Regulation of Vehicles and Traffic. C.R.S. 42-4-1301."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0075","series-title":"Care of the Patient with Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction: Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline","author":"Cooper","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0080","series-title":"Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets","author":"Couper","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0085","unstructured":"Department for Transport, 2004. Code of practice for preliminary impairment tests. Issued by the Secretary of State for Transport under the power contained in Section 6B(2) Road Traffic Act 1988 (as amended by the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003), and for the use of police officers trained and authorised to carry out Preliminary Impairment Tests. United Kingdom. 14 Dec 2004. http:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20080508201452\/police.homeoffice.gov.uk\/publications\/operational-policing\/code_of_practice_order.pdf (accessed 28.02.16.)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.216507","article-title":"Phase I and II cannabinoid disposition in blood and plasma of occasional and frequent smokers following controlled smoked cannabis","volume":"60","author":"Desrosiers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv012","article-title":"Smoked cannabis\u2019 psychomotor and neurocognitive effects in occasional and frequent smokers","volume":"39","author":"Desrosiers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2787-9","article-title":"Detecting impairment associated with cannabis with and without alcohol on the Standardized Field Sobriety Tests","volume":"224","author":"Downey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00153-7","article-title":"The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes","volume":"36","author":"Drummer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00386-9","article-title":"Acute and residual effects of mariujuana in humans","volume":"60","author":"Fant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2012.194381","article-title":"Cannabis effects on driving skills","volume":"59","author":"Hartman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/20.6.468","article-title":"Laboratory validation study of Drug Evaluation and Classification Program: ethanol, cocaine, and marijuana","volume":"20","author":"Heishman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/16.5.276","article-title":"Blood cannabinoids. I. Absorption of THC and formation of 11-OH-THC and THCCOOH during and after smoking marijuana","volume":"16","author":"Huestis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-26573-2_23","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the plant cannabinoids, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol","volume":"168","author":"Huestis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0135","unstructured":"Hughes B., 2007. A Comparison of Drugged-Driving Laws and Their Roadside Enforcement Procedures Across the European Union. In: T2007: Joint Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (TIAFT) and International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (ICADTS). 26\u201330 Aug 2007, Seattle, WA. http:\/\/www.icadts2007.org\/print\/69drugdrivinglaws.pdf (accessed 28.02.16.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0140","series-title":"Drug Evaluation and Classification Program Training: The Drug Recognition Expert School Student Manual. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","author":"International Association of Chiefs of Police","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0145","unstructured":"International Association of Chiefs of Police, 2013b. DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing Participant Guide. March 2013 Edition. Oklahoma City, OK."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0150","unstructured":"International Association of Chiefs of Police, 2015a. Drug Evaluation and Classification (Preliminary School) Participant Manual. August 2015 Edition. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Transportation Safety Institute, US Department of Transportation, pp. 1\u2013237."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0155","unstructured":"International Association of Chiefs of Police, 2015b. Drug Recognition Expert Course 7-Day School Participant Manual. July 2015 Edition. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Transportation Safety Institute, US Department of Transportation, pp. 1\u2013795."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0160","unstructured":"International Drug Evaluation and Classification Program, 2016. Drug Recognition Experts (DRE): DRE Training & Certification. http:\/\/www.decp.org\/training\/ (accessed 28.02.16.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0165","unstructured":"International Police Association-IAC, 2012. Study on enforcement measures against drivers using drugs: Results of questionnaire on drug driving. International Police Association\u2013IAC. 30 July 2012. http:\/\/www.ipa-iac.org\/newsDetails.php?newsId=92 (accessed 28.02.16.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0170","unstructured":"Jackson, P.G., Tunbridge, R.J., Rowe, D.J., 2000. Drug recognition and field impairment testing: Evaluation of trials. In Alcohol, drugs and traffic safety. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, 21\u201326 May 2000, Stockholm, Sweden. Eds. Hans Laurell and Frans Schlyter."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0175","first-page":"211","article-title":"The Drug Evaluation Classification Program: using ocular and other signs to detect drug intoxication","volume":"69","author":"Kosnoski","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Optom. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/21.6.498","article-title":"Phencyclidine blood concentrations in DRE cases","volume":"21","author":"Kunsman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1393","article-title":"Alcohol and drugs in seriously injured drivers in six European countries","volume":"5","author":"Legrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0190","series-title":"The Neurology of Eye Movements","author":"Leigh","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxr017","article-title":"Marijuana use and motor vehicle crashes","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01127.x","article-title":"Combined dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine intoxication in impaired drivers","volume":"54","author":"Logan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(86)90062-7","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of drug abuse","volume":"30","author":"McLane","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0210","unstructured":"Oliver, J.S., Seymour, A., Wylie, F.M., Torrance, H., Anderson, R.A., 2006. Road Safety Research Report No. 63: Monitoring the effectiveness of UK Field Impairment Tests. March 2006. Department for Transport, London, UK. http:\/\/dclg.ptfs-europe.com\/AWData\/Library1\/Departmental%20Publications\/Department%20for%20Transport\/2006\/Monitoring%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20uk%20field%20impairment%20tests.pdf (accessed 28.02.16.)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-2119-9","article-title":"An evaluation of the sensitivity of the Standardised Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs) to detect impairment due to marijuana intoxication","volume":"180","author":"Papafotiou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009","article-title":"The relationship between performance on the Standardised Field Sobriety Tests, driving performance and the level of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood","volume":"155","author":"Papafotiou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2190\/DE.43.2.f","article-title":"Drugged driving: increased traffic risks involving licit and illicit substances","volume":"43","author":"Pilkinton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Drug Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2013.800638","article-title":"An examination of the validity of the standardized field sobriety test in detecting drug impairment using data from the Drug Evaluation and Classification program","volume":"15","author":"Porath-Waller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0235","unstructured":"ProCon.org, 2014. 23 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC: Laws, Fees, and Possession Limits. MedicalMarijuana.ProCon.org. http:\/\/medicalmarijuana.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881 (accessed 02.12.14.)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108092393","article-title":"Neurocognitive performance during acute THC intoxication in heavy and occasional cannabis users","volume":"23","author":"Ramaekers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2007.02.016","article-title":"Gaze-evoked nystagmus: a case report and literature review","volume":"78","author":"Rett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0250","first-page":"5","article-title":"The competency and accuracy of police academy recruits in the use of the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Test for detecting alcohol impairment","volume":"47","author":"Richman","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Optom."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-1839(04)70037-8","article-title":"An evaluation of pupil size standards used by police officers for detecting drug impairment","volume":"75","author":"Richman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0260","unstructured":"Richman, J.E., 2010. Review of the Romberg Test for 30 Second Estimate of Time: Brief Report. International Association of Chiefs of Police, DRE Section."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.04.008","article-title":"Trends in fatal motor vehicle crashes before and after marijuana commercialization in Colorado","volume":"140","author":"Salomonsen-Sautel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0270","unstructured":"Sancus Solutions, 2016. Field Impairment Testing and Drug Influence Recognition Training. Sancus Solutions, Ltd. Preston, Lancashire, UK. http:\/\/www.sancussolutions.co.uk\/field-impairment-testing-and-drug-influence-recognition-training\/ (accessed 28.02.16.)."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.04.003","article-title":"Modeling drug detection and diagnosis with the \u2018Drug Evaluation and Classification Program\u2019","volume":"37","author":"Schechtman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200303000-00011","article-title":"Nearpoint of convergence: test procedure, target selection, and normative data","volume":"80","author":"Scheiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00384-5","article-title":"Drug Recognition Expert evaluations made using limited data","volume":"130","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0290","series-title":"Validation of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test Battery at BACs Below 0.10 Percent. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","author":"Stuster","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006778606895","article-title":"Validation of the standardized field sobriety test battery at 0.08% blood alcohol concentration","volume":"48","author":"Stuster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(83)90066-4","article-title":"Pupillary escape intensified by large pupillary size","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"1983","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2479-x","article-title":"Neurophysiological functioning of occasional and heavy cannabis users during THC intoxication","volume":"220","author":"Theunissen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bku089","article-title":"Analysis of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol driving under the influence of drugs cases in Colorado from January 2011 to February 2014","volume":"38","author":"Urfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.11.1387","article-title":"Pupil dilatation does affect some aspects of daytime driving performance","volume":"87","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457516301191?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457516301191?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T00:00:39Z","timestamp":1536796839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457516301191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0001457516301191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) examination characteristics of cannabis impairment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}