{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:53:23Z","timestamp":1771638803937,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,22]],"date-time":"2017-07-22T14:47:26Z","timestamp":1500734846000},"page":"12-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Undiagnosed attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among unionized drivers in Ghana: Public health and policy implications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Thaddeus P.","family":"Ulzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Higginbotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Donnir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Jerome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Al","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230600801077","article-title":"Validity of pilot adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) to rate adult ADHD symptoms","volume":"18","author":"Adler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20S","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054711435360","article-title":"Under diagnosis of adult ADHD: cultural influences and societal burden","volume":"16","author":"Asherson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2006.09.004","article-title":"A review of driving risks and impairments associated with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and the effects of stimulant medication on driving performance","volume":"38","author":"Barkley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199007000-00007","article-title":"The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. an 8-Year prospective follow-up study","volume":"29","author":"Barkley","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.2.212","article-title":"Driving-related risks and outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents and young adults: a 3- to 5-year follow-up survey","volume":"92","author":"Barkley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 12","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0030","first-page":"10","article-title":"Major life activity and health outcomes associated with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"63","author":"Barkley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0035","first-page":"24","article-title":"Substance abuse in patients with attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder","volume":"10","author":"Bukstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medscape J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4174","article-title":"Serious transport accidents in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and the effect of medication: a population-based study Journal of the American of Medical Association","volume":"71","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10091355","article-title":"Self-reported incidences of moving vehicle collisions and citations among drivers with ADHD: a cross-sectional survey across the lifespan","volume":"168","author":"Cox","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054706288103","article-title":"Manual transmission enhances attention and driving performance of ADHD adolescent males: pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Cox","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2603_4","article-title":"Effects of positive feedback on the social interactions of boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a test of the self-protective hypothesis","volume":"26","author":"Diener","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0060","first-page":"104","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition?","volume":"2","author":"Faraone","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580309882","article-title":"Socioeconomic background and road traffic injuries: a study of young car drivers in Sweden","volume":"4","author":"Hasselberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Traffic Injury Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0070","first-page":"105","article-title":"What we know about ADHD and driving risk: a literature review, meta-analysis and critique","volume":"15","author":"Jerome","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Canadian Acad. Child Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.114-0044","article-title":"The benefit of stimulants in reducing driving risk in adult drivers with ADHD","volume":"186","author":"Jerome","year":"2014","journal-title":"CMAJ: Canadian Med. Association J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2013.10.1.41","article-title":"The WHO adult ADHD self-report scale: reliability and validity of the Korean version","volume":"10","author":"Ji-Hae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investigion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054707299367","article-title":"Reliability, validity, and utility of instruments for self-report and informant report concerning symptoms of ADHD in adult patients","volume":"11","author":"Kooij","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4375(02)00034-8","article-title":"Distractions and the risk of car crash injury: the effect of drivers' age","volume":"33","author":"Lam","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07091465","article-title":"Age of methylphenidate treatment initiation in children with ADHD and later substance abuse: prospective follow-up into adulthood","volume":"165","author":"Mannuzza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.942","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"164","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3281568d7a","article-title":"Epidemiology of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan","volume":"20","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0110","first-page":"31","article-title":"Trends in road traffic accidents in Ghana; implications for improving road user safety","volume":"2","author":"Siaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Invent."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.10.011","article-title":"Emotional lability, comorbidity and impairment in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"147","author":"Skirrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0120","series-title":"Tri-Level Study of the Causes of Traffic Accidents, Vol. I: Causal Factor Tabulations and Assessment","author":"Treat","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0125","series-title":"Scientific Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","article-title":"A survey of attitudes to ADHD in a rural community","author":"Ulzen","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0130","series-title":"Impairments, Diseases, Age and Their Relative Risks of Accident Involvement: Results from Meta-analysis","author":"Vaa","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0135","series-title":"WHO Global Burden of Disease Report Update Part 4","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.16.3.251","article-title":"Simulated driving performance of adults with ADHD: comparisons with alcohol intoxication","volume":"16","author":"Weafer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0145","first-page":"4","article-title":"The nature of the relationship between attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and substance use","volume":"68","author":"Wilens","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0135-8","article-title":"The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review","volume":"9","author":"Willcutt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0155","series-title":"WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013: Supporting a Decade of Action","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.241","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the chinese version of the adult ADHD self-report scale","volume":"17","author":"Yeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0165","first-page":"308","article-title":"Diagnosing ADHD in israeli adults: the psychometric properties of the adult ADHD self report scale (ASRS) in hebrew","volume":"47","author":"Zohar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Israel J. Psychiatry Related Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.4.379","article-title":"Concordance of self- and informant ratings of adults' current and childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Zucker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457517302488?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457517302488?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T06:12:50Z","timestamp":1659247970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457517302488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0001457517302488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Undiagnosed attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among unionized drivers in Ghana: Public health and policy implications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}