{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T22:03:26Z","timestamp":1782425006961,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Emergency Management Agency Fire Prevention & Safety Research & Development","award":["EMW-2013-FP-00351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMW-2013-FP-00351"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T08:03:02Z","timestamp":1522742582000},"page":"189-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Interventions and controls to prevent emergency service vehicle incidents: A mixed methods review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"David P.","family":"Bui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Balland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Giblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alesia M.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Corazon Ponce","family":"Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin D.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keshia","family":"Pollack Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Crothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jefferey L.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0005","first-page":"32","article-title":"Sea change. Three key factors revolutionizing EMS","volume":"38","author":"Anon","year":"2013","journal-title":"JEMS: J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0010","series-title":"Electronics Symposium (IES), 2015 International","first-page":"145","article-title":"Enhanced route guidance and navigation for emergency vehicle using V2I-based cooperative communication","author":"Afdhal","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0015","series-title":"Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Reports","author":"The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0020","first-page":"Cd003862","article-title":"Red-light cameras for the prevention of road traffic crashes","author":"Aeron-Thomas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0025","first-page":"71","article-title":"Best practices for EMS: who\u2019s found a better way of doing things, and how can you benefit too?","volume":"36","author":"Barishansky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0030","first-page":"62","article-title":"How we built a better ambulance","volume":"41","author":"Bellace","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMS World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0035","article-title":"Street lighting for preventing road traffic injuries","author":"Beyer Fiona","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.12.021","article-title":"Young driver distraction: state of the evidence and directions for behavior change programs","volume":"54","author":"Buckley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003110","article-title":"Area-wide traffic calming for preventing traffic related injuries","author":"Bunn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-013-0340-y","article-title":"International comparison of fire department injuries","volume":"50","author":"Burgess","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701318780","article-title":"A framework for the design of ambulance sirens","volume":"50","author":"Catchpole","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0060","series-title":"Summary of NHTSA Heavy-Vehicle Vehicle-to-Vehicle Safety Communications Research","author":"Chang","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0065","series-title":"Wireless Pervasive Computing, 2009 ISWPC 2009 4th International Symposium on","first-page":"1","article-title":"A centralized traffic control mechanism for evacuation of emergency vehicles using the DSRC protocol","author":"Chung-Ming","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0070","first-page":"Cd006252","article-title":"Vision screening of older drivers for preventing road traffic injuries and fatalities","author":"Desapriya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0075","series-title":"Executive Fire Officer Program Applied Research Project","first-page":"37","article-title":"The impact of in-vehicle video cameras on unwanted driver behavior","author":"Devlin","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0080","first-page":"69","article-title":"Increasing Your Drivers\u2019 Safety Awareness","volume":"160","author":"Dow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fire Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0085","series-title":"US: ProQuest Information & Learning","article-title":"An epidemiological approach to emergency vehicle advanced warning system development: a two-phase study","author":"Drucker","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2006.03.002","article-title":"From the air to the ground: air medical safety practices applied to ground critical care","volume":"25","author":"Ellis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Air Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0095","series-title":"Computing, Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICCEEE), 2013 International Conference on","first-page":"724","article-title":"A GPS based traffic light pre-emption control system for emergency vehicles","author":"Eltayeb","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0100","volume":"34","author":"EMS Union wary as FDNY starts DriveCam Pilot Program","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0105","first-page":"67","article-title":"Driver training: balancing the best of both worlds","volume":"38","author":"Erich","year":"2009","journal-title":"EMS Mag."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0110","first-page":"69","article-title":"Rules of the road. The must-haves of an effective vehicle-safety program","volume":"36","author":"Erich","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMS Mag."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0115","article-title":"EMS news network. What should we take from the Antwerp crash?","volume":"36","author":"Erich","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMS Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0120","series-title":"Risk Management\u2014Principles and Guidelines (ISO 31000)","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0125","article-title":"In Winter Park, employee safety comes first","volume":"35","author":"Nordberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0130","first-page":"108","article-title":"Lack of SOPs + lack of discipline = LODDs","volume":"36","author":"Fontenot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Firehouse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0135","first-page":"40","article-title":"Driving online. Internet-based program for emergency vehicle safe operations now available","volume":"35","author":"Nordberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0140","series-title":"U.S. Firefighter Fatalities in Road Vehicle Crashes\u20141998\u20132007","author":"Fahy","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0145","first-page":"78","article-title":"It\u2019s time to STOP for first responder safety","volume":"36","author":"Fontenot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Firehouse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0150","series-title":"Firefigthter Fatalites in the United States","article-title":"Firefighter fatalites in the United States-2016","author":"Fahy","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0155","series-title":"U.S. Fire Administration: Alive on Arrival: Tips for Safe Emergency Vehicle Operations","author":"Federal Emergency Management Agency","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0160","first-page":"58","article-title":"Vehicle detection: new technology aims to inform the public about emergency vehicle","volume":"39","author":"Finucane","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMS Mag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0165","first-page":"37","article-title":"How we built a better ambulance. What goes into constructing a safer rig?","volume":"43","author":"Forgues","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMS World"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0170","first-page":"72","article-title":"It\u2019s as simple as wearing your seatbelt: use the National Firefighter Safety Stand Down to fix some of the issues of firefighter survival","volume":"24","author":"Goldfeder","year":"2006","journal-title":"FireRescue Mag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0175","first-page":"Cd005242","article-title":"Increased police patrols for preventing alcohol-impaired driving","author":"Goss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x","article-title":"A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies","volume":"26","author":"Grant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heatlth Info Libr. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041785","article-title":"Evaluation of a fitness intervention for new firefighters: injury reduction and economic benefits","volume":"22","author":"Griffin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0190","first-page":"52","article-title":"Smart tracking: innovative vehicle programs decrease errors & increase efficiency","volume":"37","author":"Harden","year":"2012","journal-title":"JEMS: J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0195","series-title":"US Firefighter Injuries","article-title":"U.S. firefighter injuries - 2015","author":"Haynes","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0200","article-title":"From the editor. Protect your rear: putting your best lights forward","volume":"34","author":"Heightman","year":"2009","journal-title":"JEMS: J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2510(06)70307-2","article-title":"Crew & patient safety receive high priority","volume":"31","author":"Heightman","year":"2006","journal-title":"JEMS: J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0210","series-title":"Best Practices for Emergency Vehicle and Roadway Operations Safety in the Emergency Services","author":"International Association of Fire Fighters","year":"2010"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2011-200133","article-title":"A simple three-step dispatch rule may reduce lights and sirens responses to motor vehicle crashes","volume":"29","author":"Isenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0220","series-title":"Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (SUTC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on","first-page":"353","article-title":"Road reservation for fast and safe emergency vehicle response using ubiquitous sensor network","author":"Jae Bong","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0225","first-page":"Cd003734","article-title":"Post-licence driver education for the prevention of road traffic crashes","author":"Ker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0230","first-page":"69","article-title":"EMS, first responders, and crash injury","volume":"28","author":"Kahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Top. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0235","first-page":"Cd005240","article-title":"Motorcycle rider training for the prevention of road traffic crashes","author":"Kardamanidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2004.09.004","article-title":"Post-licence driver education for the prevention of road traffic crashes: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials","volume":"37","author":"Ker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008X250557","article-title":"Detection of emergency vehicles: driver responses to advance warning in a driving simulator","volume":"50","author":"Lenn\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0250","first-page":"35","article-title":"An optimal solution for enhancing ambulance safety: implementing a driver performance feedback and monitoring device in ground emergency medical service vehicles","volume":"49","author":"Levick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Proc. Assoc. Adv Automot Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1501500208","article-title":"Conducting interrupted time-series analysis for single-and multiple-group comparisons","volume":"15","author":"Linden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stata J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00006014","article-title":"Effects of simulation on emergency vehicle drivers\u2019 competency in training","volume":"23","author":"Lindsey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prehosp. Disaster Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0265","first-page":"25","article-title":"Priority traffic. Insurance discounts for demonstrable safety","volume":"31","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2006","journal-title":"JEMS: J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0270","article-title":"Priority traffic. Less use of lights & sirens","volume":"36","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"JEMS: J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0275","first-page":"Cd004333","article-title":"Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2327587","article-title":"Connected vehicles: solutions and challenges","volume":"1","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2510(08)70010-X","article-title":"Time to belt up! A pledge to protect our own lives","volume":"33","author":"Ludwig","year":"2008","journal-title":"JEMS: J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0290","first-page":"24","article-title":"Ambulance safety. Seeking a system to analyze & prevent emergency vehicle crashes","volume":"38","author":"Ludwig","year":"2013","journal-title":"JEMS : J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681","article-title":"Occupational fatalities in emergency medical services: a hidden crisis","volume":"40","author":"Maguire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0300","first-page":"10","article-title":"Safety on the streets","author":"McGowan","year":"2014","journal-title":"JEMS: J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0305","first-page":"26","article-title":"How to build the crew chain of safety. Safe driving is a priority for Richmond Ambulance Authority crews","volume":"43","author":"McRoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMS World"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0310","first-page":"S6","article-title":"Developing a safety culture. Rockland paramedic services is serious about safety","volume":"39","author":"Mund","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMS World"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2010.104034","article-title":"Effect of an onboard event recorder and a formal review process on ambulance driving behaviour","volume":"29","author":"Myers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. J.: EMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0320","first-page":"373","volume":"811","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0325","series-title":"NETS Recommended Road Safety Practices for Employers with Large or Small Fleets and New, Developing, or Advanced ROAD SAETY Programs","author":"Network of Employers for Traffic Safety","year":"2016"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0330","article-title":"For The Rcord. Reports show decrease in firefighter response deaths","volume":"41","author":"Nicol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Firehouse"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0335","first-page":"80","article-title":"Safety comes first at Baldwin EMS","volume":"36","author":"Nordberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMS Mag."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0340","first-page":"S16","article-title":"Why you need a big brother. Black box technology is enhancing driver safely in EMS","volume":"39","author":"Nordberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMS World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0345","series-title":"Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2014 International Conference on","first-page":"1086","article-title":"A geocasting application for ambulance service","author":"Pei-Hsuan","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1675-8","article-title":"Establishing a proactive safety and health risk management system in the fire service","volume":"15","author":"Poplin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2007.06.025","article-title":"International evaluation of injury rates in coal mining: a comparison of risk and compliance-based regulatory approaches","volume":"46","author":"Poplin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0360","first-page":"74","article-title":"Vehicle ops. Simulating emergency vehicle training","volume":"34","author":"Raheb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0365","first-page":"34","article-title":"Meet a friendly big brother. Richmond Ambulance Authority pairs black box recorders with wireless data transfer","volume":"35","author":"Robyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0370","article-title":"Graduated driver licensing for reducing motor vehicle crashes among young drivers","author":"Russell Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0375","first-page":"42","article-title":"New ambulance design aims to improve safety","volume":"44","author":"Sagarra","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMS World"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0380","article-title":"On the road again","volume":"35","author":"Salka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Firehouse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120801907661","article-title":"Contributing factors and issues associated with rural ambulance crashes: literature review and annotated bibliography","volume":"12","author":"Sanddal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prehosp. Emerg. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0390","series-title":"Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT), 2015 IEEE International Conference on","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automated traffic signal for hassle free movement of ambulance","author":"Shankar","year":"2015"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0395","first-page":"54","article-title":"Safety A.S.A.P. the ambulance safety awareness program at Baldwin EMS","volume":"32","author":"Shiring","year":"2007","journal-title":"JEMS : J. Emerg. Med. Serv."},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(01)00381-6","article-title":"Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving","volume":"21","author":"Shults","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120802706104","article-title":"The hazards of providing care in emergency vehicles: an opportunity for reform","volume":"13","author":"Slattery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prehosp. Emerg. Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NOR.0000337278.25175.f0","article-title":"Interventions to prevent adolescent motor vehicle crashes: a literature review","volume":"27","author":"Small","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthop. Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0415","article-title":"The bottom line. Device improves ambulance drivers' performance: cuts crashes & reduces costs for tires & maintenance","volume":"32","author":"Swanson","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMS Insider"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0420","article-title":"Near-miss reports. Be a backseat driver! All crewmembers riding in the apparatus must pay attention to the road","volume":"29","author":"Tippett","year":"2011","journal-title":"FireRescue Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0425","series-title":"Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC), 2011 14th International Symposium on","first-page":"1","article-title":"Demonstration experiments of SAFER (speedy ambulance first-aid, emergency, rescue operations supporting) system","author":"Tokuda","year":"2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7498098","article-title":"A self-organizing network approach to priority management at intersections","volume":"54","author":"Tonguz","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0435","series-title":"Emergency Vehicle Safety Initiative","first-page":"1","author":"Trench","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.05.007","article-title":"Determining optimum flash patterns for emergency service vehicles: an experimental investigation using high definition film","volume":"45","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0445","series-title":"Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2013","author":"United States Fire Administration","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0450","series-title":"Safe Operation of Fire Tankers","author":"United States Fire Administration","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0455","first-page":"90","article-title":"Designing for safety","volume":"37","author":"Vanderlooven","year":"2008","journal-title":"EMS Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0460","series-title":"Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 2014 International Conference on","first-page":"1145","article-title":"An effective hybrid model for expert traffic control system","author":"Vemuri","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0465","series-title":"Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), 2012 International Conference on","first-page":"1","article-title":"A smart ambulance for the synchronized health care\u2014a service oriented device architecture-based","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0470","article-title":"Design and implementation of an emergency vehicle signal preemption system based on cooperative vehicle-infrastructure technology","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mech. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0475","first-page":"122","article-title":"Technology aids apparatus backing","volume":"35","author":"Wilbur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Firehouse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0480","first-page":"114","article-title":"Good news: line-of-duty deaths down in 2010","volume":"36","author":"Wilbur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Firehouse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004607.pub3","article-title":"Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0490","first-page":"Cd004607","article-title":"Speed enforcement detection devices for preventing road traffic injuries","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-011-1326-2","article-title":"Investigation on the exit phase controls for emergency vehicle preemption","volume":"15","author":"Yun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ksce J. Civ. Eng."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000145751830006X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000145751830006X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T20:13:25Z","timestamp":1548101605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000145751830006X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S000145751830006X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Interventions and controls to prevent emergency service vehicle incidents: A mixed methods review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2018.01.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}