{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:53:48Z","timestamp":1790765628809,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS2013-42204-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS2013-42204-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UNGR13-1E-1903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNGR13-1E-1903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003176","name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU15\/05571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU15\/05571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T03:29:33Z","timestamp":1525145373000},"page":"239-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Driver distraction by smartphone use (WhatsApp) in different age groups"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ortiz-Peregrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.J.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Casares-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2012.676697","article-title":"Both texting and eating are associated with impaired simulated driving performance","volume":"13","author":"Alosco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.10.001656","article-title":"Effects of aging in retinal image quality","volume":"10","author":"Artal","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00860.x","article-title":"Principles of disability glare measurement: an ophthalmological perspective","volume":"85","author":"Aslam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.08.003","article-title":"The choice to text and drive in younger drivers: behavior may shape attitude","volume":"43","author":"Atchley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.12.028","article-title":"The perception of pedestrians from the perspective of elderly experienced and experienced drivers","volume":"44","author":"Bromberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000174724.74957.45","article-title":"Effects of age and auditory and visual dual tasks on closed-road driving performance","volume":"82","author":"Chaparro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/00140131003769092","article-title":"Phoning while driving II: a review of driving conditions influence","volume":"53","author":"Collet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34027","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2209555","article-title":"Reliability of the compensation comparison stray-light measurement method","volume":"11","author":"Coppens","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.11.016","article-title":"Modernization of the driver behaviour questionnaire","volume":"87","author":"Cordazzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0050","first-page":"2","article-title":"Analysis of WhatsApp users and its usage worldwide","volume":"5","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1049","article-title":"Comparison of the retinal image quality with a hartmann-shack wavefront sensor and a double-pass instrument","volume":"47","author":"Diaz-Douton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0060","series-title":"Conducir sin redes","author":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Tr\u00e1fico","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809353319","article-title":"Text messaging during simulated driving","volume":"51","author":"Drews","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2011.10.017","article-title":"Distraction in older drivers \u2013 a face-to-face interview study","volume":"50","author":"Fofanova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.04.015","article-title":"Which visual measures affect change in driving difficulty after first eye cataract surgery?","volume":"58","author":"Fraser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0934","article-title":"Measures of visual function and their association with driving modification in older adults","volume":"47","author":"Freeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.08.006","article-title":"Mobile phone use while driving in a sample of Spanish university workers","volume":"39","author":"Gras","year":"2007","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00066-6","article-title":"Young drivers\u2019 overestimation of their own skill\u2014an experiment on the relation between training strategy and skill","volume":"28","author":"Gregersen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809341575","article-title":"The effects of text messaging on young drivers","volume":"51","author":"Hosking","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21219","article-title":"Nighttime driving in older adults: effects of glare and association with mesopic visual function","volume":"58","author":"Kimlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2011.607197","article-title":"Effects of age and the use of hands-free cellular phones on driving behavior and task performance","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12369","article-title":"Effects of aging on optical quality and visual function","volume":"99","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Roda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2010.00535.x","article-title":"Optical quality and intraocular scattering in a healthy young population","volume":"94","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Roda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.12.036","article-title":"Age, gender, mileage and the DBQ: the validity of the driver behavior questionnaire in different driver groups","volume":"52","author":"Martinussen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01326.x","article-title":"Association of lens opacities, intraocular straylight, contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in European drivers","volume":"87","author":"Michael","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.06.020","article-title":"Older adults talk technology: technology usage and attitudes","volume":"26","author":"Mitzner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0135","series-title":"Distracted Driving 2015. (Traffic Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 381)","author":"National Center for Statistics and Analysis","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2012.11.006","article-title":"Quantifying age-related differences in visual-discrimination capacity: drivers with and without visual impairment","volume":"44","author":"Ortiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.14.1083","article-title":"Visual processing impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash among older adults","volume":"279","author":"Owsley","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.05.021","article-title":"Vision and driving","volume":"50","author":"Owsley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(83)90210-9","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity throughout adulthood","volume":"23","author":"Owsley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.6.881","article-title":"Visual risk factors for crash involvement in older drivers with cataract","volume":"119","author":"Owsley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2016.02.006","article-title":"Driving performance while using a mobile phone: a simulation study of Greek professional drivers","volume":"38","author":"Papadakaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20070501-13","article-title":"Takagi glare tester CGT-1000 for contrast sensitivity and glare testing in normal individuals and cataract patients","volume":"23","author":"Pesudovs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Refract. Surg."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0175","first-page":"3357","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the CSV-1000 contrast test and its relationship to glaucoma therapy","volume":"35","author":"Pomerance","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.09.030","article-title":"Mechanisms behind distracted driving behavior: the role of age and executive function in the engagement of distracted driving","volume":"98","author":"Pope","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139008925335","article-title":"Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction?","volume":"33","author":"Reason","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2012.08.004","article-title":"Comparing the glance patterns of older versus younger experienced drivers: scanning for hazards while approaching and entering the intersection","volume":"16","author":"Romoser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.10.009","article-title":"The effects of texting on driving performance in a driving simulator : the influence of driver age","volume":"74","author":"Rumschlag","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2004.09.007","article-title":"Effects of practice, age, and task demands, on interference from a phone task while driving","volume":"37","author":"Shinar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.10.030","article-title":"Validation of the driver behaviour questionnaire in a representative sample of drivers in Australia","volume":"86","author":"Stephens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779064645","article-title":"Relative effects of age and compromised vision on driving performance","volume":"37","author":"Szlyk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.07.011","article-title":"Prevalence of texting while driving and other risky driving behaviors among young people in Ontario, Canada: evidence from 2012 and 2014","volume":"84","author":"Tucker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0220","series-title":"Akademie van Wetens Applicant. Method and Device for Measuring Retinal Straylight. European Patent EP 1659929","author":"van den Berg","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181ea1ad3","article-title":"Intra- and intersession repeatability of a double-pass instrument","volume":"87","author":"Vilaseca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0230","series-title":"Modern Life Style \u2014 Research Phone Use and Crashes While Driving : a Representative Survey of Modern Life Style \u2014 Research 185 11","author":"Wales","year":"2006"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.187179","article-title":"Trends in fatalities from distracted driving in the United States, 1999 to 2008","volume":"100","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.06.017","article-title":"Interaction between visual status, driver age and distracters on daytime driving performance","volume":"49","author":"Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9083","article-title":"Even moderate visual impairments degrade drivers\u2019 ability to see pedestrians at night","volume":"53","author":"Wood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0250","series-title":"Mobile Phone Use: A Growing Problem of Driver Distraction","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0255","first-page":"373","article-title":"Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"79","author":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2014.02.008","article-title":"Impact of texting on young drivers\u2019 behavior and safety on urban and rural roads through a simulation experiment","volume":"49","author":"Yannis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2016.06.003","article-title":"Simulation of texting impact on young drivers\u2019 behavior and safety on motorways","volume":"41","author":"Yannis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part F Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2014.02.018","article-title":"Effects of phone type on driving and eye glance behaviour while text-messaging","volume":"68","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457518301568?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457518301568?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T06:58:35Z","timestamp":1655794715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457518301568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0001457518301568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Driver distraction by smartphone use (WhatsApp) in different age groups","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}