{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T21:44:23Z","timestamp":1787694263038,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T17:42:44Z","timestamp":1550079764000},"page":"188-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multivariate copula temporal modeling of intersection crash consequence metrics: A joint estimation of injury severity, crash type, vehicle damage and driver error"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanmoy","family":"Bhowmik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamsunnahar","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1221-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Eluru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000370","article-title":"Multinomial logistic regression model for single-vehicle and multivehicle collisions on urban U.S. Highways in Arkansas","volume":"138","author":"Bham","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Transp. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2009.02.001","article-title":"A copula-based approach to accommodate residential self-selection effects in travel behavior modeling","volume":"43","author":"Bhat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part B Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0015","series-title":"Guidelines to Reduce Red Light Running","author":"Bonneson","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580701272346","article-title":"Factors leading to older drivers\u2019 intersection crashes","volume":"8","author":"Braitman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0025","unstructured":"Connecticut Crash Data Repository (CTCDR). University of Connecticut, 2018. https:\/\/www.ctcrash.uconn.edu\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0030","series-title":"Strategic Highway Safety Plan","author":"Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT)","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.01.007","article-title":"Traffic accident segmentation by means of latent class clustering","volume":"40","author":"Depaire","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0040","series-title":"Designing Safer Roads to Accommodate Driver Error","author":"Devlin","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0045","first-page":"48","article-title":"Comparison of severity affecting factors between young and older drivers involved in single vehicle crashes","volume":"28","author":"Dissanayake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Assoc.Traffic Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.012","article-title":"Evaluating alternate discrete choice frameworks for modeling ordinal discrete variables","volume":"55","author":"Eluru","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2007.02.001","article-title":"A joint econometric analysis of seat belt use and crash-related injury severity","volume":"39","author":"Eluru","year":"2007","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2007.11.010","article-title":"A mixed generalized ordered response model for examining pedestrian and bicyclist injury severity level in traffic crashes","volume":"40","author":"Eluru","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0065","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling multiple vehicle occupant injury severity: a copula-based multivariate approach","author":"Eluru","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2165: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0070","unstructured":"Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) (2019). Crash Modification Factors Clearinghouse. http:\/\/www.cmfclearinghouse.org\/."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000370","article-title":"Multinomial logistic regression model for single-vehicle and multivehicle collisions on urban U.S. Highways in Arkansas","volume":"138","author":"Ghulam","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Transp. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0080","series-title":"A 10-Point Plan for Reauthorizing the Federal Highway Safety Program","author":"Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2007.06.013","article-title":"Aggressiveness propensity index for driving behavior at signalized intersections","volume":"40","author":"Hamdar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.05.003","article-title":"Exploring the safety implications of young drivers\u2019 behavior, attitudes and perceptions","volume":"50","author":"Hassan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2007.04.002","article-title":"Severity of driver injury and vehicle damage in traffic crashes at intersections: a bayesian hierarchical analysis","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0100","first-page":"325","article-title":"Chapter 15: crash severity methods. safe mobility: challenges, methodology and solutions","volume":"Volume 11","author":"Ivan","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.06.004","article-title":"Urban and rural differences in older drivers\u2019 failure to stop at stop signs","volume":"41","author":"Keay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.06.005","article-title":"A note on modeling pedestrian injury severity in motor vehicle crashes with the mixed logit model","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0115","series-title":"Proceedings of the 97th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC","article-title":"Joint modeling of traffic incident duration components (reporting, response, and clearance time): a copula based approach","author":"Laman","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.08.006","article-title":"Analysis of traffic accident size for korean highway using structural equation models","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2017.1328551","article-title":"Effects of emergency medical services times on traffic injury severity: a random-effects ordered probit approach","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amar.2018.02.001","article-title":"Using the multivariate spatio-temporal bayesian model to analyze traffic crashes by severity","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.09.011","article-title":"A strategy to reduce older driver injuries at intersections using more accommodating roundabout design practices","volume":"39","author":"Lord","year":"2007","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.01.004","article-title":"A hybrid finite mixture model for exploring heterogeneous ordering patterns of driver injury severity","volume":"89","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.04.006","article-title":"Markov switching multinomial logit model: an application to accident-injury severities","volume":"41","author":"Malyshkina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amar.2017.10.002","article-title":"Temporal instability and the analysis of highway accident data","volume":"17","author":"Mannering","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amar.2016.04.001","article-title":"Unobserved heterogeneity and the statistical analysis of highway accident data","volume":"11","author":"Mannering","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2007.06.006","article-title":"Highway accident severities and the mixed logit model: an exploratory empirical analysis","volume":"40","author":"Milton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0165","unstructured":"Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria Fifth Edition, 2017. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. https:\/\/www.nhtsa.gov\/mmucc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0170","series-title":"Traffic Safety Facts 2013: a Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data From the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.06.014","article-title":"Driver behavior, dilemma zone and safety effects at urban signalized intersections in Greece","volume":"39","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3141\/2378-09","article-title":"Joint model of freight mode and shipment size choice","author":"Pourabdollahi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2378: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0185","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling large truck safety using logistic regression models","author":"Qin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2392: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3141\/2386-11","article-title":"Analysis of crash severity based on vehicle damage and occupant injuries","author":"Qin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2386: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4375(02)00051-8","article-title":"An analysis of motorcycle injury and vehicle damage severity using ordered probit models","volume":"33","author":"Quddus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3141\/2147-10","article-title":"A copula-based method to address endogeneity in traffic crash injury severity models: application to two-vehicle crashes","author":"Rana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2147: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.025","article-title":"The statistical analysis of highway crash-injury severities: a review and assessment of methodological alternatives","volume":"43","author":"Savolainen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1755-5345(13)70012-5","article-title":"On jointly analyzing the physical activity participation levels of individuals in a family unit using a multivariate copula framework","volume":"3","author":"Sener","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Choice Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0215","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploration of contributing factors related to driver errors on highway segments","author":"Shaon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.10.018","article-title":"Contributory fault and level of personal injury to drivers involved in head-on collisions: application of copula-based bivariate ordinal models","volume":"110","author":"Wali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3141\/2432-03","article-title":"Use of structural equation modeling to measure severity of single-vehicle crashes","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2432: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0230","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring driver error at intersections: key contributors and solutions","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2514 (1): J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3141\/2514-17","article-title":"Copula based joint model of injury severity and vehicle damage in two-vehicle crashes","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2514: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"issue":"Part A","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.11.006","article-title":"Multivariate poisson lognormal modeling of crashes by type and severity on rural two lane highways","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0245","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multivariate poisson lognormal modeling of weather-related crashes on freeways","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0250","series-title":"Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis","author":"Washington","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.01.016","article-title":"Safety impacts of signal-warning flashers and speed control at high-speed signalized intersections","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mixed Logit Model-Based Driver Injury Severity Investigation in Single- and Multi-Vehicle Crashes on Rural Two-Lane Highways. Accident Analysis & Prevention 72. 105-115.Solutions","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2514: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2017.1369530","article-title":"Secondary collisions and injury severity: a joint analysis using structural equation models","volume":"19","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Traffic Injury Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2007.01.008","article-title":"Examining driver behavior using data gathered from red light photo enforcement cameras","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.06.040","article-title":"Evaluating alternate discrete outcome frameworks for modeling crash injury severity","volume":"59","author":"Yasmin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.01.018","article-title":"Examining driver injury severity in two vehicle Crashes-A copula based approach","volume":"66","author":"Yasmin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amar.2013.10.002","article-title":"A latent segmentation generalized ordered logit model to examine factors influencing driver injury severity","volume":"1","author":"Yasmin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3141\/2241-06","article-title":"Investigation of effects of underreporting crash data on three commonly used traffic crash severity models multinomial logit, ordered probit, and mixed logit","author":"Ye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record 2241: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0295","series-title":"Proceedings of the 87th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC","article-title":"A joint model of accident type and severity for Two-vehicle crashes","author":"Ye","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.10.013","article-title":"Factors associated with self-reported inattentive driving at highway-rail grade crossings","volume":"109","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036_bib0305","article-title":"A clustering approach to injury severity in Pedestrian-train crashes at highway-rail grade crossings","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Transp. Saf. Secur."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457518308066?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457518308066?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T09:06:51Z","timestamp":1576141611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457518308066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0001457518308066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multivariate copula temporal modeling of intersection crash consequence metrics: A joint estimation of injury severity, crash type, vehicle damage and driver error","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}