{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T22:03:10Z","timestamp":1788732190685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002611","name":"University of Seoul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002611","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T05:50:01Z","timestamp":1599025801000},"page":"105736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A copula-based approach for jointly modeling crash severity and number of vehicles involved in express bus crashes on expressways considering temporal stability of data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9605-8439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reuben","family":"Tamakloe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungyeol","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6330-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongjoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0005","series-title":"Traffic Safety in South Korea: Understanding the Vulnerability of Elderly Pedestrians. Paris","author":"Adler","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0010","article-title":"A generalized ordered logit analysis of risk factors associated with driver injury severity","author":"Aidoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Public Health (Bangkok)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0015","article-title":"Temporal stability of driver injury severities in animal-vehicle collisions: a random parameters with heterogeneity in means (and variances) approach","volume":"26","author":"Al-Bdairi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.01.008","article-title":"Copula-based regression modeling of bivariate severity of temporary disability and permanent motor injuries","volume":"89","author":"Ayuso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.09.034","article-title":"Exploring the determinants of pedestrian\u2013vehicle crash severity in New York City","volume":"50","author":"Aziz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/atr.104","article-title":"Severity of urban transit bus crashes in Bangladesh","volume":"44","author":"Barua","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016725902970","article-title":"Probability density decomposition for conditionally dependent random variables modeled by vines","volume":"32","author":"Bedford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0040","first-page":"7","article-title":"The temporal stability of factors affecting driver-injury severities in single-vehicle crashes: some empirical evidence","volume":"8","author":"Behnood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0045","first-page":"1","article-title":"An empirical assessment of the effects of economic recessions on pedestrian-injury crashes using mixed and latent-class models","volume":"12","author":"Behnood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0050","article-title":"Time-of-day variations and temporal instability of factors affecting injury severities in large-truck crashes","volume":"23","author":"Behnood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000370","article-title":"Multinomial logistic regression model for single-vehicle and multivehicle collisions on urban U.S. Highways in Arkansas","volume":"138","author":"Bham","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Transp. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2009.02.001","article-title":"A copula-based approach to accommodate residential self-selection effects in travel behavior modeling","volume":"43","author":"Bhat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part B Methodol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-009-0077-9","article-title":"A copula-based closed-form binary logit choice model for accommodating spatial correlation across observational units","volume":"11","author":"Bhat","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0070","article-title":"Alternative model structures for multivariate crash frequency analysis: comparing simulation-based multivariate model with copula-based multivariate model, in: transportation research board 98th annual meeting","author":"Bhowmik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Washington DC, United States."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00046-5","article-title":"Factors associated with the likelihood of injury resulting from collisions between four-wheel drive vehicles and passenger cars","volume":"35","author":"Broyles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2012.06.017","article-title":"Analysis of driver injury severity in truck-involved accidents using a non-parametric classification tree model","volume":"51","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00014-7","article-title":"Analysis of injury severity and vehicle occupancy in truck- and non-truck-involved accidents","volume":"31","author":"Chang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)132:3(227)","article-title":"Risk factors to driver fatalities in single-vehicle crashes: comparisons between non-motorcycle drivers and motorcyclists","volume":"132","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Transp. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3141\/1717-01","article-title":"Method for identifying factors contributing to driver-injury severity in traffic crashes","volume":"1717","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.005","article-title":"Risk and type of crash among young drivers by rurality of residence: findings from the DRIVE Study","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.03.019","article-title":"Vehicle occupant injury severity on highways: an empirical investigation","volume":"42","author":"Christoforou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2012.663518","article-title":"Alcohol, drugs, and road traffic crashes in India: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Crash severity analysis of single vehicle run-off-Road crashes","volume":"04","author":"Dissanayake","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Transp. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3141\/1635-09","article-title":"Applying the ordered probit model to injury severity in truck-passenger Car rear-End collisions","volume":"1635","author":"Duncan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3141\/2165-01","article-title":"Modeling multiple vehicle occupant injury severity: a copula-based multivariate approach","volume":"2165","author":"Eluru","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.09.025","article-title":"Risk factors affecting fatal bus accident severity: their impact on different types of bus drivers","volume":"86","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.12.009","article-title":"Segment characteristics and severity of head-on crashes on two-lane rural highways in Maine","volume":"38","author":"G\u00e5rder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.12.022","article-title":"Factors affecting the probability of bus drivers being at-fault in bus-involved accidents","volume":"66","author":"Goh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0145","first-page":"37","article-title":"The effect of time of day on driver\u2019s injury severity at highway-rail grade crossings in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Hao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Traffic Transp. Eng. (English Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0150","series-title":"Highway\/Heavy Vehicle Interaction, Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program No. 3 \u2013 TRB","author":"Harwood","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2014.07.005","article-title":"Time-of-day differences and short-term stability of the neural response to monetary reward: a pilot study","volume":"224","author":"Hasler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1601600114","article-title":"Bicop: a command for fitting bivariate ordinal regressions with residual dependence characterized by a copula function and normal mixture marginals","volume":"16","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Alava","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stata J. Promot. Commun. Stat. Stata"},{"issue":"August 2018","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.07.026","article-title":"Endogenous commercial driver\u2019s traffic violations and freight truck-involved crashes on mainlines of expressway","volume":"131","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.3390\/su11102782","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of multi-vehicle crashes on expressways: a double hurdle approach","volume":"11","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198119827925","article-title":"Estimating incident duration considering the unobserved heterogeneity of risk factors for trucks transporting HAZMAT on expressways","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4323816","article-title":"Discovering insightful rules among truck crash characteristics using apriori algorithm","volume":"2020","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105497","article-title":"Application of association rules mining algorithm for hazardous materials transportation crashes on expressway","volume":"142","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.04.009","article-title":"Median barrier crash severity: some new insights","volume":"42","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0195","article-title":"A temporal analysis of driver-injury severities in crashes involving aggressive and non-aggressive driving","volume":"27","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/12265934.2012.662588","article-title":"Determination of accident modification factors for the median bus lanes on urban arterials","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Urban Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.08.011","article-title":"Driver-injury severity in single-vehicle crashes in California: a mixed logit analysis of heterogeneity due to age and gender","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00028-8","article-title":"Driver injury severity: an application of ordered probit models","volume":"34","author":"Kockelman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000142140.77194.ad","article-title":"Emotional stress and traffic accidents","volume":"15","author":"Lagarde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198118801355","article-title":"Joint modeling of traffic incident duration components (Reporting, response, and clearance time): a copula-based approach","volume":"2672","author":"Laman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.08.006","article-title":"Analysis of traffic accident size for Korean highway using structural equation models","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.10.007","article-title":"Time to decide: diurnal variations on the speed and quality of human decisions","volume":"158","author":"Leone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0235","first-page":"455","article-title":"Effect of guardrail on reducing fatal and severe injuries on freeways: real-world crash data analysis and performance assessment","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Transp. Saf. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0240","first-page":"1","article-title":"Temporal instability and the analysis of highway accident data","volume":"17","author":"Mannering","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0245","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unobserved heterogeneity and the statistical analysis of highway accident data","volume":"11","author":"Mannering","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.03.005","article-title":"Comparing single vehicle and multivehicle fatal road crashes: a joint analysis of road conditions, time variables and driver characteristics","volume":"60","author":"Martensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0255","article-title":"Bivariate severity analysis of train derailments using copula-based regression models","volume":"4","author":"Martey","year":"2018","journal-title":"ASCE-ASME J. Risk Uncertain. Eng. Syst. Part A Civ. Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1177\/0954409718757556","article-title":"Modeling tamping recovery of track geometry using the copula-based approach","volume":"232","author":"Martey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Rail Rapid Transit 1989-1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.06.015","article-title":"Analysis of train derailment severity using vine copula quantile regression modeling","volume":"105","author":"Martey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.10016","article-title":"Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal road crashes in Iran","volume":"16","author":"Mehmandar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0275","first-page":"1","article-title":"Which Archimedean Copula is the Right One?","author":"Melchiori","year":"2003","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0280","series-title":"Enforcement Rules of the Passenger Car Act","author":"Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3141\/2601-14","article-title":"Joint modeling of pedestrian and bicycle crashes: copula-based approach","volume":"2601","author":"Nashad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0290","series-title":"An Introduction to Copulas","author":"Nelson","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0295","series-title":"Halving the Number of Road Deaths in","author":"OECD\/ITF","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90057-4","article-title":"Single-vehicle crashes and alcohol: a retrospective study of passenger car fatalities in Northern Sweden","volume":"25","author":"\u00d6str\u00f6m","year":"1993","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0305","series-title":"Analysis of In-depth Crash Data on Indian National Highways and Impact of Road Design on Crashes and Injury Severity","author":"Padmanaban","year":"2010"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2007.07.005","article-title":"Modelling motorcyclist injury severity by various crash types at T-junctions in the UK","volume":"46","author":"Pai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.3390\/su11113169","article-title":"Injury severity of bus\u2013Pedestrian crashes in South Korea considering the effects of regional and company factors","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/13588265.2018.1472722","article-title":"Occupant injury risk assessment and protective measures in frontal collision of a bus","volume":"24","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Crashworthiness"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s12544-013-0107-z","article-title":"Bus accident severity and passenger injury: evidence from Denmark","volume":"6","author":"Prato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Transp. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3141\/2147-10","article-title":"Copula-based method for addressing endogeneity in models of severity of traffic crash injuries: application to two-vehicle crashes","volume":"2147","author":"Rana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.02.004","article-title":"The relative impact of work-related stress, life stress and driving environment stress on driving outcomes","volume":"43","author":"Rowden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0340","first-page":"21","article-title":"Comparison of factors affecting injury severity in angle collisions by fault status using a random parameters bivariate ordered probit model","volume":"2","author":"Russo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.07.008","article-title":"Modelling public bus\/minibus transport accident severity in Ghana","volume":"119","author":"Sam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3141\/2078-03","article-title":"Examination of factors affecting driver injury severity in Michigan\u2019s single-vehicle\u2013Deer crashes","volume":"2078","author":"Savolainen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1068\/a43133","article-title":"A copula-based sample selection model of telecommuting choice and frequency","volume":"43","author":"Sener","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. A Econ. Sp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0360","first-page":"229","article-title":"Fonctions de repartition an dimensions et leurs marges","volume":"8","author":"Sklar","year":"1959","journal-title":"Publ. inst. Stat. univ. Paris"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-009-9208-x","article-title":"A copula-based joint multinomial discrete\u2013continuous model of vehicle type choice and miles of travel","volume":"36","author":"Spissu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transportation (Amst)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0370","series-title":"Korea\u2019s 95% Reduction in Child Traffic Fatalities: Policies and Achievements","author":"Sul","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0375","article-title":"Modeling of incident type and incident duration using data from multiple years","volume":"28","author":"Tirtha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.10.018","article-title":"Contributory fault and level of personal injury to drivers involved in head-on collisions: application of copula-based bivariate ordinal models","volume":"110","author":"Wali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2019.04.011","article-title":"Determinants of injury severity for truck crashes on mountain expressways in China: a case-study with a partial proportional odds model","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3141\/2514-17","article-title":"Copula-based joint model of injury severity and vehicle damage in two-vehicle crashes","volume":"2514","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.036","article-title":"Multivariate copula temporal modeling of intersection crash consequence metrics: a joint estimation of injury severity, crash type, vehicle damage and driver error","volume":"125","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0400","series-title":"Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis","author":"Washington","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.06.014","article-title":"Mixed logit model-based driver injury severity investigations in single- and multi-vehicle crashes on rural two-lane highways","volume":"72","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-8478(98)00010-2","article-title":"Gender and age-related differences in attitudes toward traffic laws and traffic violations","volume":"1","author":"Yagil","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.06.040","article-title":"Evaluating alternate discrete outcome frameworks for modeling crash injury severity","volume":"59","author":"Yasmin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.01.018","article-title":"Examining driver injury severity in two vehicle crashes \u2013 A copula based approach","volume":"66","author":"Yasmin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198118801348","article-title":"A multivariate copula-based macro-level crash count model","volume":"2672","author":"Yasmin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0430","series-title":"Joint Model of Accident Type and Severity for Two-Vehicle Crashes, in: Transportation Research Board 87th Annual Meeting","author":"Ye","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.04.025","article-title":"Multi-level Bayesian analyses for single- and multi-vehicle freeway crashes","volume":"58","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0440","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identifying factors that influence the patterns of road crashes using association rules: a case study from Wisconsin, United States","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0445","first-page":"6","article-title":"What leads to severe mountainous freeway crashes in southeast of China?","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Teh. Vjesn. - Tech. Gaz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.03.002","article-title":"Commercial truck crash injury severity analysis using gradient boosting data mining model","volume":"65","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.009","article-title":"Factors affecting the injury severity of out-of-control single-vehicle crashes in Singapore","volume":"124","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2020.04.003","article-title":"Severity of passenger injuries on public buses: a comparative analysis of collision injuries and non-collision injuries","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.02.021","article-title":"Modeling occupant-level injury severity: an application to large-truck crashes","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457520309994?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457520309994?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T23:18:34Z","timestamp":1757546314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457520309994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["S0001457520309994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A copula-based approach for jointly modeling crash severity and number of vehicles involved in express bus crashes on expressways considering temporal stability of data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105736","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105736"}}