{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T22:55:41Z","timestamp":1757631341010,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T13:08:17Z","timestamp":1615900097000},"page":"106011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Young drivers vs. non-drivers: are there differences in behaviour?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Jane","family":"Seeley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7341-6072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Vingilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021027","article-title":"Twelfth-grade student work intensity linked to later educational attainment and substance use: new longitudinal evidence","volume":"47","author":"Bachman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031464","article-title":"Adolescent work intensity, school performance, and substance use: links vary by race\/ethnicity and socioeconomic status","volume":"49","author":"Bachman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2005.07.010","article-title":"The co-occurrence of substance use and high-risk behaviors","volume":"38","author":"Baskin-Sommers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558403258269","article-title":"Adolescent problem behavior and problem driving in young adulthood","volume":"19","author":"Bingham","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Res."},{"year":"2017","series-title":"Drug Use Among Ontario Students: Detailed Findings From the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey 1977-2017. (CAMH Research Document Series No. 46)","author":"Boak","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0025"},{"year":"2017","series-title":"Drug Use Among Ontario Students 1977-2019: Detailed Findings From the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS)","author":"Boak","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0030"},{"year":"2018","series-title":"The Mental Health and Well-being of Ontario Students, 1991-2017: Detailed Findings From the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS). (CAMH Research Document Series No. 47)","author":"Boak","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0035"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.10.013","article-title":"Social and school connectedness in early secondary school as predictors of late teenage substance use, mental health, and academic outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Bond","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.5.1017","article-title":"School disconnectedness: identifying adolescents at risk","volume":"106","author":"Bonny","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"year":"2014","series-title":"Factors Associated with Delayed Driver\u2019s Licence Acquisition Among High School Students: Insights From Three Northern California schools. Thesis, Master of Science, Transportation Technology and Policy","author":"Brown","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0050"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e028558","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028558","article-title":"Psychological correlates and binge drinking behaviours among Canadian youth: a cross-sectional analysis of the mental health pilot data from the COMPASS study","volume":"9","author":"Butler","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2011.04.007","article-title":"Urban and rural differences in sedentary behaviour among American and Canadian youth","volume":"17","author":"Carson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2011.04.004","article-title":"The impact of school connectedness on violent behavior, transport risk-taking behavior, and associated injuries in adolescence","volume":"49","author":"Chapman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sch. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.2.369","article-title":"Relationships between five after-school activities and academic achievement","volume":"91","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01225.x","article-title":"Value on health and adolescent conventionality: a construct validation of a new measure in problem-behavior theory","volume":"19","author":"Costa","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Appl. Soc. Psychol."},{"year":"2018","series-title":"Machines of Youth","author":"Cross","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0080"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1983.44.109","article-title":"Problem drinking in adolescence and young adulthood: a follow-up study","volume":"44","author":"Donovan","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895772","article-title":"Risk and protective factors influencing adolescent problem behavior: a multivariate latent growth curve analysis","volume":"22","author":"Duncan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2009.00415.x","article-title":"School disconnectedness: identifying adolescents at risk in Ontario, Canada","volume":"79","author":"Faulkner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.06.010","article-title":"Previous use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana and subsequent abuse of prescription opioids in young adults","volume":"52","author":"Fiellin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.39.8\/9.02","article-title":"Original quantitative research identifying trajectories of alcohol use among a sample of secondary-school students in Ontario and Alberta: longitudinal evidence from the COMPASS study","volume":"39","author":"Gohari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Promotion Chronic Dis. Prev. Canada: Res. Pol. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e31","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 perceptions of social status: development and evaluation of a new indicator","volume":"108","author":"Goodman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.05.020","article-title":"Perceived socioeconomic status: a new type of identity that influences adolescents\u2019 self rated health","volume":"41","author":"Goodman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.1987.10885777","article-title":"The effect of part-time employment on academic achievement","volume":"80","author":"Green","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.01.037","article-title":"Perceived financial status, health and maladjustment in adolescence","volume":"68","author":"Hamilton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170005501X","article-title":"Measuring social relationships the interview schedule for social interaction","volume":"10","author":"Henderson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.01.030","article-title":"Physical activity, screen time and self-rated health and mental health in Canadian adolescents","volume":"73","author":"Herman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.158","article-title":"New research findings since the 2007 surgeon general\u2019s call to action to prevent and reduce underage drinking: a review","volume":"75","author":"Hingson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2015.12.006","article-title":"Decreasing popularity of the car? Changes in driving licence and access to a car among young adults over a 25-year period in Norway","volume":"51","author":"Hjorthol","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1162\/003465302317411497","article-title":"Are there returns to the wages of young men from working while in school?","volume":"84","author":"Hotz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Stat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0048-y","article-title":"Adolescent risk factors for excessive alcohol use at age 32 years. A 16-year prospective follow-up study","volume":"45","author":"Huurre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20164023","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-4023","article-title":"Frequent binge drinking among US adolescents, 1991 to 2015","volume":"139","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01490.x","article-title":"Problem\u2010behavior theory, psychosocial development, and adolescent problem drinking","volume":"82","author":"Jessor","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Addict."},{"year":"1977","series-title":"Problem Behavior and Psychosocial Development: a Longitudinal Study of Youth","author":"Jessor","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0170"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.07.007","article-title":"Urban\u2013rural differences in motor vehicle crash fatality and hospitalization rates among children and youth","volume":"38","author":"Kmet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.6.591","article-title":"A new brief screen for adolescent substance abuse","volume":"153","author":"Knight","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.6.607","article-title":"Validity of the CRAFFT substance abuse screening test among adolescent clinic patients","volume":"156","author":"Knight","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2017.1316842","article-title":"Driving violations and health promotion behaviors among undergraduate students: self-report of on-road behavior","volume":"18","author":"Korn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037950","article-title":"The timing of entry into adult roles and changes in trajectories of problem behaviors during the transition to adulthood","volume":"50","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2009.03.001","article-title":"Does the built environment affect when American teens become drivers? Evidence from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey","volume":"40","author":"McDonald","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Urban and Rural Student Substance Use","author":"McInnis","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0205"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.09.009","article-title":"Food insecurity and mental disorders in a national sample of U.S. Adolescents","volume":"51","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.09.009","article-title":"Are Canadian children and adolescents sleep deprived","volume":"141","author":"Michaud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"year":"2016","series-title":"Ontario Road Safety Annual Report 2016","author":"Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO)","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0220"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Get a G Driver\u2019s Licence: New Drivers","author":"Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO)","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0225"},{"year":"2009","series-title":"Covariance of Problem Behaviors in Adolescence. Paper Presented at IOM Committee on the Science of Adolescence Workshop","author":"Monahan","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0230"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12053","article-title":"Adolescent pathways to co-occurring behavior: the effects of peer delinquency and peer substance use","volume":"24","author":"Monahan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0240","first-page":"8","article-title":"The benefits and risks of adolescent employment","volume":"17","author":"Mortimer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888494021004002","article-title":"Adolescent work experience and family relationships","volume":"21","author":"Mortimer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Work Occup."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0250","series-title":"Health in Rural Canada","first-page":"44","article-title":"Children, youth, and young adults and the gap in health status between urban and rural Canadians","author":"Ostry","year":"2012"},{"year":"2018","series-title":"The Chief Public Health Officer\u2019s Report on the State of Public Health in Canada 2018: Preventing Problematic Substance Use in Youth [Internet]. Ottawa","author":"Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0255"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"Why Are Young People Driving Less? Trends in Licence-Holding and Travel Behaviour. Australasian Transport Research Forum 2010 Proceedings 29 September \u2013 1 October 2010","author":"Raimond","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0260"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00295.x","article-title":"The alcohol use disorders identification test: an update of research findings","volume":"31","author":"Reinert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0270","article-title":"A decline in youth licensing: a simple delay or the decreasing popularity of auto mobility?","author":"R\u00e9rat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Mobilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.02.010","article-title":"Does socioeconomic status moderate the relationships between school connectedness with psychological distress, suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents?","volume":"87","author":"Sampasa-Kanyinga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.01.002","article-title":"Perceptions and attitudes about body weight and adherence to the physical activity recommendation among adolescents: the moderating role of body mass index","volume":"146","author":"Sampasa-Kanyinga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S283","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0626","article-title":"Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationship with health indicators in school-aged children and youth","volume":"41","author":"Saunders","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.6.1116","article-title":"Popularity, social acceptance, and aggression in adolescent peer groups: links with academic performance and school attendance","volume":"42","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02879897","article-title":"Adoption and maintenance of four health behaviors: theory-guided longitudinal studies on dental flossing, seat belt use, dietary behavior, and physical activity","volume":"33","author":"Schwarzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0305","first-page":"313","article-title":"Driving among high school students \u2013 United States, 2013","volume":"64","author":"Shults","year":"2015","journal-title":"Morbid. Mortality Weekly Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2016.1161761","article-title":"Who\u2019s not driving among US high school seniors: a closer look at race\/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and driving status","volume":"17","author":"Shults","year":"2016","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2011.605817","article-title":"Recent changes in the age composition of US drivers: implications for the extent, safety, and environmental consequences of personal transportation","volume":"12","author":"Sivak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2011.638016","article-title":"Recent changes in the age composition of drivers in 15 countries","volume":"13","author":"Sivak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2012.696755","article-title":"Update: percentage of young persons with a driver\u2019s license continues to drop","volume":"13","author":"Sivak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0330","series-title":"Student Employment: Advantage or Handicap for Academic Achievement?","first-page":"15","author":"Sprietsma","year":"2015"},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0335","article-title":"Is adolescent employment still a risk factor for high school dropout?","volume":"20","author":"Staff","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 15.1","author":"Stata Corp","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0340"},{"year":"2019","series-title":"A Portrait of Canadian Youth: March 2019 Updates.","author":"Statistics Canada","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0345"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.29.2.171","article-title":"Negative impact of part-time work on adolescent adjustment: evidence from a longitudinal study","volume":"29","author":"Steinberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.03.020","article-title":"Adolescent socioeconomic and school-based social status, smoking, and drinking","volume":"57","author":"Sweeting","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2197-1714-1-4","article-title":"Driver licencing and reasons for delaying licensure among young adults ages 18-20, United States, 2012","volume":"1","author":"Tefft","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inj. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S311","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0151","article-title":"Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep","volume":"41","author":"Tremblay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(99)00039-7","article-title":"Association between employment and substance abuse behaviors among public high school adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Valois","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/5.2.151","article-title":"The structure of problem behaviour among Ontario high school students: a confirmatory-factor analysis","volume":"5","author":"Vingilis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Health Educ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404999","article-title":"Predictors of adolescent self-rated health","volume":"93","author":"Vingilis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2011.572100","article-title":"Teenagers\u2019 licensing decisions and their views of licensing policies: a national survey","volume":"12","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3233\/sji-140844","article-title":"An empirical examination of the relationships between response rate and nonresponse bias","volume":"31","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat. J. IAOS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00447-0","article-title":"The relationship between employment and substance use among students aged 12 to 17","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457521000427?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457521000427?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T23:20:44Z","timestamp":1757546444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457521000427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0001457521000427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-4575"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Young drivers vs. non-drivers: are there differences in behaviour?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106011"}}