{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T15:15:31Z","timestamp":1793978131016,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T17:53:27Z","timestamp":1651168407000},"page":"106685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Secondary task engagement, risk-taking, and safety-related equipment use in German bicycle and e-scooter riders \u2013 An observation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Anja Katharina","family":"Huemer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Bolten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Helweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjanette","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0005","unstructured":"Adell, E., Nilsson, A., & Kircher, K. (2014). Cyclists' use of mobile IT in Sweden: usage and self-reported behavioural compensation. Proceedings of the 3rd International Cycling Safety Conference (ICSC2014), 18-19 November, Gothenburg, Sweden."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2015.01.010","article-title":"Bicyclists' visual strategies when conducting self-paced vs. system-paced smartphone tasks in traffic","volume":"41","author":"Ahlstrom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transport. Res. part F: Traff. Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0015","unstructured":"Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zur Stra\u00dfenverkehrs-Ordnung (VwV-StVO) [Administrative Regulations to the German Traffic Law] vom 26. Januar 2001* In der Fassung vom 22. Mai 2017 (BAnz AT 29.05.2017 B8) Retrieved March 14, 2022 from http:\/\/www.verwaltungsvorschriften-im-internet.de\/bsvwvbund_26012001_S3236420014.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0020","article-title":"Sunday Drivers, or Too Fast and Too Furious?","author":"Arellano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transport Find."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbs.2020.04.005","article-title":"Dockless E-scooter usage patterns and urban built Environments: A comparison study of Austin, TX, and Minneapolis, MN","volume":"20","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Behav. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0030","unstructured":"Baier, M. M., Cekic, D., Engelen, K., Baier, R., J\u00fcrgensohn, T., Platho, C., & Hamacher, M. (2022). Interdisziplin\u00e4rer Ansatz zur Analyse und Bewertung von Radverkehrsunf\u00e4llen. Berichte der Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Stra\u00dfenwesen, Reihe M: Mensch und Sicherheit \u2013 324. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/bast.opus.hbz-nrw.de\/opus45-bast\/frontdoor\/index\/index\/docId\/2590."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.07.016","article-title":"Crashes involving cyclists aged 50 and over in the Netherlands: An in-depth study","volume":"105","author":"Boele-Vos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2021.101131","article-title":"Beyond 'good'and 'bad'cyclists. On compensation effects between risk taking, safety equipment and secondary tasks","volume":"22","author":"Buhler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transp. Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198119844965","article-title":"Rules of the road: compliance and defiance among the different types of cyclists","volume":"2673","author":"Chaloux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/15568318.2018.1441470","article-title":"Helmet non-use by users of bikeshare programs, electric bicycles, racing bicycles, and personal bicycles: An observational study in Taipei, Taiwan","volume":"13","author":"Chi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sustain. Transport."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.06.005","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of texting on driving","volume":"71","author":"Caird","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2013.12.021","article-title":"Safety perceptions and reported behavior related to cycling in mixed traffic: A comparison between Brisbane and Copenhagen","volume":"23","author":"Chataway","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part F: Traff. Psychol. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/19439962.2019.1591559","article-title":"Use of smartphone and crash risk among cyclists","volume":"12","author":"De Angelis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transport. Saf. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.09.045","article-title":"A prospective cohort study on minor accidents involving commuter cyclists in Belgium","volume":"45","author":"de Geus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130903381180","article-title":"Mobile phone use while cycling: Incidence and effects on behaviour and safety","volume":"53","author":"De Waard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.07.001","article-title":"Effects of listening to music, and of using a handheld and handsfree telephone on cycling behaviour","volume":"14","author":"De Waard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part F: Traff. Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2013.12.003","article-title":"The effects of operating a touch screen smartphone and other common activities performed while bicycling on cycling behaviour","volume":"22","author":"De Waard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transport. Res. part F: Traff. Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.01.004","article-title":"More screen operation than calling: the results of observing cyclists' behaviour while using mobile phones","volume":"76","author":"De Waard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0095","unstructured":"Deutscher Verkehrssicherheitsrat e.V. (2020). Roll ohne Risiko. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/www.dvr.de\/praevention\/kampagnen\/roll-ohne-risiko."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.06.011","article-title":"Understanding on-road practices of electric bike riders: an observational study in a developed city of China","volume":"59","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0105","unstructured":"Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge-Verordnung (eKFV) vom 6. Juni 2019 (BGBl. I S. 756), die durch Artikel 15 des Gesetzes vom 12. Juli 2021 (BGBl. I S. 3091) ge\u00e4ndert worden ist."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-015-0079-0","article-title":"An analysis of technology-related distracted biking behaviors and helmet use among cyclists in New York City","volume":"41","author":"Ethan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301750","article-title":"Associations between driving performance and engaging in secondary tasks: a systematic review","volume":"104","author":"Ferdinand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3141\/2434-01","article-title":"Compensatory behavior of drivers when conversing on a cell phone: investigation with naturalistic driving data","volume":"2434","author":"Fitch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.08.013","article-title":"Red-light running behavior of cyclists in Italy: An observational study","volume":"120","author":"Fraboni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"sup3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2019.1702647","article-title":"Are you an ambitious cyclist? Results of the cyclist profile questionnaire in Germany","volume":"20","author":"Francke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0135","unstructured":"Funk, W., Ro\u00dfnagel, T., & Maier, S. (2021). Konzept f\u00fcr eine regelm\u00e4\u00dfige Erhebung der Nutzungsh\u00e4ufigkeit von Smartphones bei Radfahrern und Fu\u00dfg\u00e4ngern. Berichte der Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Stra\u00dfenwesen. Unterreihe Mensch und Sicherheit, (312). Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/bast.opus.hbz-nrw.de\/opus45-bast\/files\/2527\/M312+BF_Gesamt.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2011.08.007","article-title":"The use and risk of portable electronic devices while cycling among different age groups","volume":"43","author":"Goldenbeld","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0145","article-title":"Comparing the risky behaviours of shared and private e-scooter and bicycle riders in downtown Brisbane","volume":"152","author":"Haworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australia. Accident Analysis & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106451","article-title":"Changes in shared and private e-scooter use in Brisbane, Australia and their safety implications","volume":"163","author":"Haworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0155","first-page":"250","article-title":"Regelkenntnisse bei deutschen RadfahrerInnen: Online-Befragungen unter Erwachsenen und Sch\u00fclerInnen. [Rule knowledge among German cyclists: Results of two online-questionnaires for adult and adolescent cyclists]","volume":"62","author":"Huemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Verkehrssicherheit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2019.07.016","article-title":"Secondary task engagement in German cyclists - An observational study","volume":"120","author":"Huemer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.07.017","article-title":"Systematic review of observational studies on secondary task engagement while driving","volume":"119","author":"Huemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.10.008","article-title":"Drivers' phone use at red traffic lights: a roadside observation study comparing calls and visual-manual interaction","volume":"74","author":"Huth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0175","unstructured":"M. Hutterer Elektro-Scooter im Stra\u00dfenverkehr. Konfliktanalyse von E-Scootern am Fallbeispiel Wien. KFV - Diplomarbeitsreihe 2020 TU Wien, Wien. Retrieved March 14 2022 from."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580701718389","article-title":"Japanese high school students' usage of mobile phones while cycling","volume":"9","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9020135","article-title":"Understanding the Shared E-scooter Travels in Austin","volume":"9","author":"Jiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"TX. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Informat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0190","unstructured":"Johnsen, A., Bender, D. & Ro\u00dfnagel, T. (2018a): Befragung und Beobachtung zur Erfassung der Pr\u00e4valenz, Merkmale der Nutzer und Gefahrenpotenziale von Mobiltelefonen beim Radfahren: Datenerhebung. FE 82.0703\/ 2017. Feldbericht zum 21. Dezember 2018. N\u00fcrnberg: Institut f\u00fcr empirische Soziologie an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen- N\u00fcrnberg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0195","unstructured":"Johnsen, A.; Bender, D. & Ro\u00dfnagel, T. (2018b): Befragung und Beobachtung zur Erfassung der Pr\u00e4valenz, Merkmale der Nutzer und Gefahrenpotenziale von Mobiltelefonen beim Radfahren: Datenerhebung. FE 82.0703\/ 2017. Tabellenband. N\u00fcrnberg: Institut f\u00fcr empirische Soziologie an der Friedrich-Alexander- Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0200","unstructured":"Kathmann, T., Scotti, C., Huemer; A. K., Mennecke, M. & Vollrath, M. (2017). Konzept f\u00fcr eine kontinuierliche Erhebung der Nutzungsh\u00e4ufigkeit von Smartphones beim Fahren. Berichte der Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Stra\u00dfenwesen, Reihe M: Mensch und Sicherheit \u2013 287. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/bast.opus.hbz-nrw.de\/opus45-bast\/frontdoor\/index\/index\/docId\/2134."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2014.11.006","article-title":"Bicyclists' speed adaptation strategies when conducting self-paced vs. system-paced smartphone tasks in traffic","volume":"28","author":"Kircher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transport. Res. part F: Traff. Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0210","unstructured":"Mayer, E., Breuss, J., Robatsch, K., Salamon, B., Senitschnig, N., Zuser, V. et al. (2020). KFV - Sicher Leben #24. E-Scooter im Stra\u00dfenverkehr. Unfallzahlen, Risikoeinsch\u00e4tzung, Wissensstand und Verhalten von E-Scooter-Fahrern im Stra\u00dfenverkehr (Kuratorium f\u00fcr Verkehrssicherheit, Hrsg.). Wien. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/www.kfv.at\/download\/24-e-scooter-im-strassenverkehr\/?wpdmdl=8143&refresh=622f09dfb5d191647249887."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0215","first-page":"417","article-title":"E-Scooter: Auswirkungen des Trends auf die Verkehrssicherheit. Unfallzahlen, Risikoeinsch\u00e4tzung, Kenntnis der Regelungen zu E-Scootern und Verhalten von E-Scooter-Fahrern im Stra\u00dfenverkehr","volume":"12","author":"Mayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Verkehrsrecht"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2014.12.002","article-title":"Frequency and impact of handsfree telephoning while driving\u2013Results from naturalistic driving data","volume":"29","author":"Metz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part F: Traff. Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0225","unstructured":"Mwakalonge, J. L., White, J., & Siuhi, S. (2014). Distracted biking: A review of the current state-of-knowledge. Int. J. Traffic Transport. Eng., 3(2), 42-51. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.1089.5072&rep=rep1&type=pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0230","unstructured":"Nobis, C. (2019). Mobilit\u00e4t in Deutschland\u2014MiD Analysen zum Radverkehr und Fu\u00dfver-kehr. Studie von infas, DLR, IVT und infas 360 im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/elib.dlr.de\/133559\/1\/MiD2017_Analyse_zum_Rad_und_Fussverkehr.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0235","unstructured":"C. Nobis T. Kuhnimhof Mobilit\u00e4t in Deutschland\u2212 MiD: Ergebnisbericht. Studie von Infas, DLR, IVT und Infas 360 im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur 2018 Bonn, Berlin (FE-Nr. 70.904\/15). www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.10.006","article-title":"Understanding the impacts of mobile phone distraction on driving performance: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Oviedo-Trespalacios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part C \u2013 Emerg. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2017.1278628","article-title":"Self-regulation of driving speed among distracted drivers: an application of driver behavioral adaptation theory","volume":"18","author":"Oviedo-Trespalacios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2017.05.148","article-title":"Review of driving performance parameters critical for distracted driving research","volume":"25","author":"Papantoniou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petzoldt, T., Ringhand, M., Anke, J., & Schekatz, N. (2021, July). Do German (Non) Users of E-Scooters Know the Rules (and Do They Agree with Them)?. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 425-435). Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007\/978-3-030-78358-7_29.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78358-7_29"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0260","unstructured":"Portland Bureau of Transportation. (2019). 2018 E-Scooter Findings Report. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https:\/\/www.portlandoregon.gov\/transportation\/article\/709719."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0265","unstructured":"Portland Bureau of Transportation. (2020). 2019 E-Scooter Findings Report. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https:\/\/www.portland.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020\/pbot_e-scooter_report_final.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2017.1341931","article-title":"Unsafe cycling behaviours and near crashes among Italian cyclists","volume":"25","author":"Puchades","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Injury Control Saf. Promot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa164","article-title":"Road injuries associated with cellular phone use while walking or riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle: a case-crossover study","volume":"190","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0280","unstructured":"Ringhand, M., Anke, J., Petzoldt, T., & Gehlert, T. (2021). Verkehrssicherheit von E-Scootern. [Traffic safety of e-scooters] Unfallforschung der Versicherer, Forschungsbericht Nr. 75. Berlin. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/www.udv.de\/resource\/blob\/79908\/1d2bc0eeedae8b30ff521bec9b708115\/75-verkehrssicherheit-von-e-scootern-download-data.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0285","unstructured":"Siebert, F. W., Ringhand, M., Englert, F., Hoffknecht, M., Edwards, T. & R\u00f6tting, M. (2020). Einf\u00fchrung von E-Tretrollern in Deutschland - Herausforderungen f\u00fcr die Verkehrssicherheit. In R. Trimpop, A. Fischbach, I. Selinger, A. Lynnek, N. Kleineidam & A. Gro\u00dfe-J\u00e4ger (Hrsg.), 21. Workshop: Psychologie der Arbeitssicherheit und Gesundheit. Gewalt in der Arbeit verh\u00fcten und die Zukunft gesundheitsf\u00f6rderlich gestalten! (S. 207\u2013210). Heidelberg: Asanger Verlag. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/www.abopsych.uni-jena.de\/abopsychmedia\/publikationen\/siebert_escooter_pasig.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105294","article-title":"Braking bad\u2013Ergonomic design and implications for the safe use of shared E-scooters","volume":"140","author":"Siebert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0295","unstructured":"Statistisches Bundesamt. (2021a). Sonderauswertung Verkehrsunfallstatistik Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge (E-Scooter) 2020. [Special analysis of traffic crashes \u2013 e-scooters 2020]. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/Themen\/Gesellschaft-Umwelt\/Verkehrsunfaelle\/Tabellen\/sonderauswertung-unfaelle-e-scooter.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0300","author":"Statistisches Bundesamt"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12827","article-title":"Distracted Walking, Bicycling, and Driving: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mobile Technology and Youth Crash Risk","volume":"89","author":"Stavrinos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2015.1017750","article-title":"Traffic sounds and cycling safety: The use of electronic devices by cyclists and the quietness of hybrid and electric cars","volume":"35","author":"Stelling-Ko\u0144czak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.05.014","article-title":"Mobile phone conversations, listening to music and quiet (electric) cars: are traffic sounds important for safe cycling?","volume":"106","author":"Stelling-Ko\u0144czak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0320","unstructured":"Stra\u00dfenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO) [German Traffic Law] \u201c vom 6. M\u00e4rz 2013 (BGBl. I S. 367), die zuletzt durch Artikel 13 des Gesetzes vom 12. Juli 2021 (BGBl. I S. 3091) ge\u00e4ndert worden ist. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/stvo_2013\/StVO.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.04.007","article-title":"Bicycling safety and distracted behavior in The Hague, the Netherlands","volume":"57","author":"Terzano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todd, J., Krauss, D., Zimmermann, J., & Dunning, A. (2019). Behavior of electric scooter operators in naturalistic environments (No. 2019-01-1007). SAE Technical Paper. DOI:10.4271\/2019-01-1007.","DOI":"10.4271\/2019-01-1007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.03.007","article-title":"Mobile phone use among motorcyclists and electric bike riders: a case study of Hanoi, Vietnam","volume":"91","author":"Truong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prevent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5616","article-title":"Distraction of cyclists: how does it influence their risky behaviors and traffic crashes?","volume":"6","author":"Useche","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3390\/su10020299","article-title":"Infrastructural and human factors affecting safety outcomes of cyclists","volume":"10","author":"Useche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.08.018","article-title":"Characteristics of bicycle crashes in an adolescent population in Flanders (Belgium)","volume":"97","author":"Vanparijs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0355","unstructured":"Vollrath, M. (2019). Observation (Version 3.0) [Computer software]. Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/www.tu-braunschweig.de\/psychologie\/abt\/ingenieur\/software$%7B__hash__%7DObservation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0360","unstructured":"Vollrath, M., Huemer, A.K., Nowak, P. & Pion, O. (2014). Ablenkung durch Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme. [Driver distraction by information and communication systems]. Unfallforschung der Versicherer, Forschungsbericht Nr. 26. Berlin. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from https:\/\/www.udv.de\/resource\/blob\/78572\/a7b3edb9156d456afe048848ff891eaf\/26-ablenkung-durch-informations-und-kommunikationssysteme-data.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.06.003","article-title":"Do German Drivers use their Smartphones safely? \u2013 Not really!","volume":"96","author":"Vollrath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0370","series-title":"Verkehrssicherheit von Radfahrern - Analyse sicherheitsrelevanter Motive, Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen. [Cyclists\u2019 traffic safety \u2013 analysis of safety relevant motives, attitudes and behaviors]","author":"Von Below","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/JTN.0000000000000188","article-title":"Distracted biking: an observational study","volume":"23","author":"Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Trauma Nurs. Off. J. Soc. Trauma Nurses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003902","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003902","article-title":"Unsafe riding practice among electric bikers in Suzhou, China: an observational study","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ open"}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000145752200121X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000145752200121X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T23:28:48Z","timestamp":1757546928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000145752200121X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S000145752200121X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Secondary task engagement, risk-taking, and safety-related equipment use in German bicycle and e-scooter riders \u2013 An observation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106685","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106685"}}