{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:12:55Z","timestamp":1787731975708,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002427","name":"Ford Motor Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002427","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T18:19:40Z","timestamp":1683569980000},"page":"107095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Understanding the new trends in pedestrian injury distribution and mechanism through data linkage and modeling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"188","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwen","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8484-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol","family":"Flannagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sailesh","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5385-7329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iskander","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2014.1003154","article-title":"Assessment of integrated pedestrian protection systems with autonomous emergency braking (aeb) and passive safety components","volume":"16","author":"Edwards","year":"2015","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eppinger, R.H., Morgan, R.M., Marcus, J.H., 1984. Development of dummy and injury index for nhtsa's thoracic side impact protection research program.","DOI":"10.4271\/840885"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0015","first-page":"93","article-title":"Injury risk to specific body regions of pedestrians in frontal vehicle crashes modeled by empirical, in-depth accident data","volume":"54","author":"Helmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0020","unstructured":"Hu, J., Klinich, K.D., University of Michigan. Transportation Research Institute., University of Michigan. Sustainable Worldwide Transportation., University of Michigan. Library. Deep Blue., 2012. Toward designing pedestrian-friendly vehicles. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Mich."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0025","first-page":"263","article-title":"Significance of adult pedestrian torso injury","volume":"49","author":"Ivarsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Proc. Assoc. Adv. Automot. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0030","unstructured":"Konosu, A., Ishikawa, H., Tanahashi, M., 2001. Reconsideration of injury criteria for pedestrian subsystem legform test\u223c problems of rigid legform impactor. SAE Technical Paper."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2015.1120294","article-title":"A virtual test system representing the distribution of pedestrian impact configurations for future vehicle front-end optimization","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0040","first-page":"221","article-title":"Proposal of injury risk curves for evaluating pedestrian head injury risk using headform impactor based on accident reconstruction","volume":"35","author":"Matsui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans. Soc. Automotive Eng. Jpn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsui, Y., Schroeder, G., Bosch, U., 2004. Injury pattern and response of human thigh under lateral loading simulating car-pedestrian impact. SAE Technical Paper.","DOI":"10.4271\/2004-01-1603"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4271\/2003-01-0165","article-title":"Injury pattern and tolerance of human pelvis under lateral loading simulating car-pedestrian impact","author":"Matsui","year":"2003","journal-title":"SAE Technical Paper."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2014.881477","article-title":"A study of fatality risk and head dynamic response of cyclist and pedestrian based on passenger car accident data analysis and simulations","volume":"16","author":"Nie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2012.733841","article-title":"A study of adult pedestrian head impact conditions and injury risks in passenger car collisions based on real-world accident data","volume":"14","author":"Peng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0065","unstructured":"Sandt, L.S., Proescholdbell, S.K., Evenson, K.R., Robinson, W.R., Rodr\u00edguez, D.A., Harmon, K.J., Marshall, S.W., Year. Comparative analysis of pedestrian injuries using police, emergency department, and death certificate data sources in north carolina, us, 2007\u20132012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105831","article-title":"Development and evaluation of potential accident scenarios involving pedestrians and aeb-equipped vehicles to demonstrate the efficiency of an enhanced open-source simulation framework","volume":"148","author":"Schachner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0075","series-title":"Global status report on road safety","author":"WHO","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095_b0080","first-page":"199","article-title":"A field data analysis of risk factors affecting the injury risks in vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Adv. Automot. Med."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457523001422?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457523001422?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:06:27Z","timestamp":1762074387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457523001422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["S0001457523001422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding the new trends in pedestrian injury distribution and mechanism through data linkage and modeling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107095","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107095"}}