{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T22:32:17Z","timestamp":1794090737451,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018563","name":"Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24DGLJ25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24DGLJ25"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018563","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018974","name":"Jinan Office of Philosophy and Social Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JNSK2025C078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JNSK2025C078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T05:07:48Z","timestamp":1738991268000},"page":"107934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spatial heterogeneity effect of built environment on traffic safety using geographically weighted atrous convolutions neural network"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2022.100562","article-title":"Road environment characteristics and fatal crash injury during the rush and non-rush hour periods in the US: Model testing and cluster analysis","volume":"44","author":"Adeyemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spatial Spatio-temporal Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106158","article-title":"Built environment, driving errors and violations, and crashes in naturalistic driving environment","volume":"157","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2022.101388","article-title":"Studying the effect of built environment on traffic safety with random parameter and generalized ordered logit models","volume":"47","author":"Alkheder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106683","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of the relationships between the built environment and traffic safety in the Dutch urban areas","volume":"172","author":"Asadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Accident; Analysis and Prevention."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2023.103551","article-title":"Bicycle safety outside the crosswalks: Investigating cyclists' risky street-crossing behavior and its relationship with built environment","volume":"108","author":"Bi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transport Geography"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0030","first-page":"431","volume":"47","author":"Brunsdon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geographically Weighted Regression Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (the Statistician)."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0035","article-title":"An exploratory analysis of factors associated with traffic crashes severity in Cartagena, Colombia","volume":"146","author":"Cantillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2019.1579784","article-title":"Built environment and tourism as road safety determinants in Benidorm (Spain)","volume":"27","author":"Casares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Plan. Stud."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-9209(97)00009-6","article-title":"Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity, and design","volume":"2","author":"Cervero","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106545","article-title":"Predicting effects of built environment on fatal pedestrian accidents at location-specific level: Application of XGBoost and SHAP","volume":"166","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.06.016","article-title":"Built environment factors in explaining the automobile-involved bicycle crash frequencies: A spatial statistic approach","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106496","article-title":"A resampling approach to disaggregate analysis of bus-involved crashes using panel data with excessive zeros","volume":"164","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2021.103285","article-title":"Disentangling the impacts of the built environment and residential self-selection on travel behavior: An empirical study in the context of diversified housing types","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2019.05.028","article-title":"Discovering the spatio-temporal impacts of built environment on metro ridership using smart card data","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cities"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2016.06.008","article-title":"Effects of the built environment on automobile-involved pedestrian crash frequency and risk","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transp. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstp.2022.100933","article-title":"Investigating the effects of POI-based land use on traffic accidents in Suzhou Industrial Park, China","volume":"12","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Studies on Transport Policy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.12.026","article-title":"Non-linear effects of the built environment on automobile-involved pedestrian crash frequency: A machine learning approach","volume":"112","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Accident; Analysis and Prevention."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105652","article-title":"Roles of infrastructure and land use in bicycle crash exposure and frequency: A case study using Greater London bike sharing data","volume":"144","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Accident Analysis & Prevention."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105777","article-title":"Towards activity-based exposure measures in spatial analysis of pedestrian\u2013motor vehicle crashes","volume":"148","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0100","article-title":"Spatiotemporal exploration of the non-linear impacts of accessibility on metro ridership","volume":"102","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transport Geography."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/01944361003766766","article-title":"Travel and the built environment: A meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Ewing","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Planning Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, R., Feng, Q., Jing, Z., Zhang, M., Yao, B., 2022. Association of the built environment with motor vehicle emissions in small cities. Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ., Volume 107, 103313, ISSN 1361-9209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103313.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103313"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112514","article-title":"Geographically and temporally weighted neural network for winter wheat yield prediction","volume":"262","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2022.106015","article-title":"Examining the impact of exposure, built environment and socio-demographics on pedestrian safety: A case study of Greater London","volume":"159","author":"Forrest","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"102090","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0125","article-title":"Social distancing in networks: A web-based interactive experiment","volume":"107","author":"Gallo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Behav. Exp. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2021.102814","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity in distance decay of using bike sharing: An empirical large-scale analysis in Shanghai","volume":"94","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0135","article-title":"A network-distance-based geographically weighted regression model to examine spatiotemporal effects of station-level built environments on metro ridership","volume":"105","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transport Geography."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2020.102335","article-title":"Built environment effects on the integration of dockless bike-sharing and the metro","volume":"83","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iatssr.2022.01.002","article-title":"Pedestrian injury outcomes in the developing urban metropolis: Econometric models for assessing risk factors","volume":"46","author":"Hasanat-E-Rabbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IATSS Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107066","article-title":"An interpretable prediction model of illegal running into the opposite lane on curve sections of two-lane rural roads from drivers\u2019 visual perceptions","volume":"186","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107174","article-title":"PL-TARMI: A deep learning framework for pixel-level traffic crash risk map inference","volume":"191","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2021.102968","article-title":"Non-linear associations between the built environment and the physical activity of children","volume":"98","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2018.04.027","article-title":"Examining spatial relationships between crashes and the built environment: A geographically weighted regression approach","volume":"69","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3141\/2398-06","article-title":"Spatial effects on zone-level collision pre-diction models","volume":"2398","author":"Karim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstp.2017.02.002","article-title":"Influence of urban built environment on traffic accidents: The case of Eskisehir (Turkey)","volume":"5","author":"Kaygisiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Studies on Transport Policy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0180","first-page":"2324","article-title":"Who might be affected by crashes? Identifying areas susceptible to crash injury risk and their major contributing factors","volume":"1278\u20131305","author":"Kocatepe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transportmetrica A Transport Science, 15(2) ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0185","first-page":"0001","article-title":"Task difficulty, risk feeling, and safety margin in the determination of driver behavior to prepare for traffic conflicts","volume":"107284","author":"Kochi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Accident Analysis & Prevention, Volume 192 ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0190","first-page":"0197","article-title":"Changes in visitor behaviour across COVID-19 pandemic: Unveiling urban visitation dynamics and non-linear relationships with the built environment using mobile big data, Habitat International, Volume 154","volume":"103216","author":"Lang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0195","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deciphering spatial heterogeneity of maritime accidents considering impact scale variations","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Marit. Policy Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0200","article-title":"Understanding the modifiable areal unit problem and identifying appropriate spatial units while studying the influence of the built environment on the traffic system state","volume":"8288248","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0205","first-page":"0001","article-title":"The role of traffic conflicts in roundabout safety evaluation: A review, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Volume 196","volume":"107430","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0210","article-title":"Exploring the spatial relationship between urban built environment and green travel: An improved semi-parametric GWR approach","volume":"2046\u20130430","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0215","article-title":"Exploring the effect of built environment on spatiotemporal evolution of traffic congestion using a novel GTWR model: a case study of Hefei","volume":"1942\u20137867","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"China. ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-019-0898-y","article-title":"Built environment and physical activity among adolescents: the moderating effects of neighborhood safety and social support","volume":"16","author":"Loh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbs.2022.08.003","article-title":"Capturing gender-age thresholds disparities in built environment factors affecting injurious traffic crashes","volume":"30","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Travel Behav. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.07.020","article-title":"Crash risk, crash exposure, and the built environment: A conceptual review","volume":"134","author":"Merlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0235","article-title":"GIS-based spatiotemporal analysis for road traffic crashes; in support of sustainable transportation planning","volume":"20","author":"Mohammed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6714","DOI":"10.3390\/su13126714","article-title":"Residential location and travel in the reykjavik capital region","volume":"13","author":"N\u00e6ss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2020.102699","article-title":"A new zone system to analyze the spatial relationships between the built environment and traffic safety","volume":"84","author":"Obelheiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transport Geography."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3141\/2659-04","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of socioeconomics, land use, built environment, and road facility on cyclist safety","volume":"2659","author":"Osama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0255","first-page":"376","article-title":"Traffic analysis zone level road traffic accident prediction models based on land use characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Peera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Traffic Transp. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0260","first-page":"0966","article-title":"Addressing spatial heterogeneity and MAUP in urban transport geography: A multi-scale analysis of accessibility and warehouse location","volume":"104078","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transport Geography, Volume 123 ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pljaki\u0107, M., Jovanovi\u0107, D., Matovi\u0107, B., 2022. The influence of traffic-infrastructure factors on pedestrian accidents at the macro-level: The geographically weighted regression approach. J. Saf. Res., Volume 83, Pages 248-259, ISSN 0022-4375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2022.08.021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2022.08.021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105775","article-title":"Effects of state-led suburbanization on traffic crash density in China: Evidence from the Chengdu City Proper","volume":"148","author":"Qiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Accident Analysis & Prevention."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2022.04.012","article-title":"Travel attitudes, the built environment and travel behavior relationships: Causal insights from social psychology theories","volume":"123","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transport Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0285","first-page":"2210","article-title":"Beyond built environment: Unveiling the interplay of streetscape perceptions and cycling behavior, Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 109","volume":"105525","author":"Rui","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0290","first-page":"0022","article-title":"A conceptual framework to understand the role of built environment on traffic safety, Journal of Safety Research, Volume 75","volume":"41\u201350","author":"Saha","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2020.07.004","article-title":"A conceptual framework to understand the role of built environment on traffic safety","volume":"75","author":"Saha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103448","article-title":"Social inequalities in child pedestrian collisions: The role of the built environment","volume":"111","author":"Schwartz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.08.003","article-title":"Macroscopic spatial analysis of pedestrian and bicycle crashes","volume":"45","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107123","article-title":"Spatial analysis of moving-vehicle crashes and fixed-object crashes based on multi-scale geographically weighted regression","volume":"189","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0315","first-page":"2210","article-title":"The association between travel demand of docked bike-sharing and the built environment: Evidence from seven US cities, Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 106","volume":"105325","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISSN"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iatssr.2023.03.004","article-title":"Impact analysis of road infrastructure and traffic control on severity of pedestrian\u2013vehicle crashes at intersections and non-intersections using bias-reduced logistic regression","volume":"47","author":"Tanishita","year":"2023","journal-title":"IATSS Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103443","article-title":"Exploring nonlinear built environment effects on driving with a mixed-methods approach","volume":"111","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14076","article-title":"Assessing the effectiveness of built environment-based safety measures in urban and rural areas for reducing the non-motorist crashes","volume":"9","author":"Tokey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0335","first-page":"0001","article-title":"Examining the nonlinear effects of traffic and built environment factors on the traffic safety of cyclist from different age groups, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Volume 211","volume":"107872","author":"Ulak","year":"2025","journal-title":"ISSN"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstp.2022.01.002","article-title":"The impact of urban design and the built environment on road traffic crashes: A case study of Rawalpindi","volume":"10","author":"Umair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pakistan. Case Studies on Transport Policy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0345","first-page":"0886","article-title":"Improving driving safety in freeway tunnels: A field study of linear visual guiding facilities","volume":"105489","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., Volume 143 ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Zhou, K., Zhang, S., Moudon, A. V., Wang, J., Zhu, Y. G., ... & Liu, M., 2023. Designing bike-friendly cities: Interactive effects of built environment factors on bike-sharing. Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ, Volume 117, 103670, ISSN 1361-9209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trd.2023.103670.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2023.103670"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107528","article-title":"Geographically weighted machine learning for modeling spatial heterogeneity in traffic crash frequency and determinants in US","volume":"199","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.05.018","article-title":"An empirical tool to evaluate the safety of cyclists:community based, macro-level collision prediction models using negative binomial regression","volume":"61","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.03.014","article-title":"Beyond affordable shelters: subsidized housing and surrounding environments for pedestrian safety","volume":"83","author":"Woo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107287","article-title":"exploring associations between built environment and crash risk of children in school commuting","volume":"193","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0375","first-page":"0264","article-title":"The effects of built environment spatial variation on bike-sharing usage: A case study of Suzhou, China","volume":"103063","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cities, Volume 110 ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.686144","article-title":"Non-linear relationships between the built environment and walking frequency among older adults in Zhongshan, China","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107561","article-title":"Investigating built environment and traffic flow impact on crash frequency in urban road networks","volume":"201","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0390","first-page":"1470","article-title":"Investigating the performance of SDGSAT-1\/GIU and NPP\/VIIRS nighttime light data in representing nighttime vitality and its relationship with the built environment: A comparative study in Shanghai, China","volume":"111945","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Indicators, Volume 160 ISSN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2024.105766","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity and nonlinearity study of bike-sharing to subway connections from the perspective of built environment","volume":"114","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0400","first-page":"0197","article-title":"Changes in visitor behaviour across COVID-19 pandemic: Unveiling urban visitation dynamics and non-linear relationships with the built environment using mobile big data","volume":"103216","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Habitat Int., Volume 154 ISSN"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0405","first-page":"312","article-title":"A spatial regression modeling framework for examining relationships between the built environment and pedestrian crash occurrences at macroscopic level:A study in a developing country context","volume":"3","author":"Zafri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geogr. Sustain."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iatssr.2023.07.004","article-title":"Using geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) for pedestrian crash severity modeling: Exploring spatially varying relationships with natural and built environment factors","volume":"47","author":"Zafri","year":"2023","journal-title":"IATSS Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2014.10.010","article-title":"Investigating the associations between road network structure and non-motorist accidents","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transport Geography."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, X., Sun, L., Lan, T., Fan, C., Liu, S., Zhao, H., Qiu, J., 2024. The effects of weather factors on road traffic casualties: Analysis on provincial panel data of China from 2006 to 2021, Heliyon, Volume 10, Issue 17, e36788, ISSN 2405-8440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36788.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36788"}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000145752500020X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000145752500020X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:09:14Z","timestamp":1762074554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000145752500020X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S000145752500020X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spatial heterogeneity effect of built environment on traffic safety using geographically weighted atrous convolutions neural network","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2025.107934","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107934"}}