{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:25:02Z","timestamp":1786983902712,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007900","name":"University of Central Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018960","name":"National Technical University of Athens","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52372335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52372335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T16:22:01Z","timestamp":1752596521000},"page":"108166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Safety contributing factors analysis of older vulnerable road users: General and local perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Xueyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuesong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4838-1573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdel-Aty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2196-2335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Yannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangzhu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106576","article-title":"Exposure based geographic analysis mode for estimating the expected pedestrian crash frequency in urban traffic zones; case study of Tehran","volume":"168","author":"Almasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.05.001","article-title":"Macroscopic modeling of pedestrian and bicycle crashes: a cross-comparison of estimation methods","volume":"93","author":"Amoh-Gyimah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0015","unstructured":"Bureau of Traffic Management, 2020. China: road traffic accidents statistics, Bureau of Traffic Management of the Ministry of Public Security of People's Republic of China, Beijing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.018","article-title":"Macro-level pedestrian and bicycle crash analysis: Incorporating spatial spillover effects in dual state count models","volume":"93","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2025.03.033","article-title":"Examining the impact of spatial inequality in socio-demographic and commute patterns on traffic crash rates: Insights from interpretable machine learning and spatial statistical models","volume":"167","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transp. Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2023.2204503","article-title":"Built environment influence on the incidence of elderly pedestrian collisions in a medium-large city in southern Brazil: a spatial analysis","volume":"30","author":"da Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198119841570","article-title":"Elderly pedestrian fatal crash-related contributing factors: applying empirical Bayes geometric mean method","volume":"2673","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2024.2335482","article-title":"Analysis of the elderly pedestrian traffic accidents in urban scenarios: the case of the spanish municipalities","volume":"31","author":"G\u00e1lvez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.06.011","article-title":"Geographically weighted negative binomial regression applied to zonal level safety performance models","volume":"106","author":"Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2017.10.003","article-title":"A geography of child and elderly pedestrian injury in the City of Toronto","volume":"66","author":"Gris\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canada. J. Transp. Geogr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.10.016","article-title":"Development of planning level transportation safety tools using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression","volume":"42","author":"Hadayeghi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3141\/2148-04","article-title":"County-level crash risk analysis in Florida: Bayesian spatial modeling","volume":"2148","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2016.06.012","article-title":"Macro and micro models for zonal crash prediction with application in hot zones identification","volume":"54","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981221143378","article-title":"Bicycle accident risk factors for different age groups in Nagoya","volume":"2677","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Japan. Transp. Res. Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0075","unstructured":"Kalogirou, S., Georganos, S., 2022. SpatialML, R Package, Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/SpatialML\/SpatialML.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.07.009","article-title":"The transportation safety of elderly pedestrians: modeling contributing factors to elderly pedestrian collisions","volume":"131","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.05.008","article-title":"Safely active mobility for urban baby boomers: the role of neighborhood design","volume":"61","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0090","article-title":"Does elderly safety matter? Associations between built environments and pedestrian crashes in Seoul","volume":"144","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korea. Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107375","article-title":"Decoding the impacts of contributory factors and addressing social disparities in crash frequency analysis","volume":"194","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0100","series-title":"2019","author":"Lovelace","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbs.2022.08.003","article-title":"Capturing gender-age thresholds disparities in built environment factors affecting injurious traffic crashes","volume":"30","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Travel Behav. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198120953431","article-title":"Applying a home-based approach to the understanding distribution of economic impacts of traffic crashes","volume":"2674","author":"Mohamadi Hezaveh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2024.09.012","article-title":"Spatial analysis of telematics-based surrogate safety measures","volume":"92","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0120","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using spatial analysis and variable selection of traffic violations to determine crash frequency","author":"Putra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transportmetrica A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.02.023","article-title":"Spatial regression analysis of traffic crashes in Seoul","volume":"91","author":"Rhee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0386-1112(14)60152-7","article-title":"Some insights on roadway infrastructure design for safe elderly pedestrian travel","volume":"30","author":"Shankar","year":"2006","journal-title":"IATSS Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0135","series-title":"Post COVID-19 transformation in the frequency and location of traffic crashes involving older adults","author":"Soltani","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107528","article-title":"Geographically weighted machine learning for modeling spatial heterogeneity in traffic crash frequency and determinants in US","volume":"199","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.07.028","article-title":"Macro-level safety analysis of pedestrian crashes in Shanghai","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"China. Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107323","article-title":"A systematic approach to macro-level safety assessment and contributing factors analysis considering traffic crashes and violations","volume":"194","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0155","first-page":"273","article-title":"Elderly pedestrian injuries in Singapore","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transp. Saf. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107370","article-title":"Geographically weighted random forests for macro-level crash frequency prediction","volume":"194","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0165","article-title":"Analysis of spatiotemporal factors affecting traffic safety based on multisource data fusion","volume":"149","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transp. Eng. Pt A-Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.2016.1200981","article-title":"Insurance premium prediction via gradient tree-boosted Tweedie compound Poisson models","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bus. Econ. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0175","article-title":"TDboost, R Package","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Available Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106291","article-title":"Spatio-temporal patterns in pedestrian crashes and their determining factors: Application of a space-time cube analysis model","volume":"161","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107491","article-title":"From sky to road: Incorporating the satellite imagery into analysis of freight truck-related crash factors","volume":"200","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2022.105722","article-title":"Spatial predictions of harsh driving events using statistical and machine learning methods","volume":"150","author":"Ziakopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis & Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457525002520?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457525002520?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T08:01:50Z","timestamp":1755158510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457525002520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0001457525002520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Safety contributing factors analysis of older vulnerable road users: General and local perspectives","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108166","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108166"}}