{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:21:36Z","timestamp":1793330496200,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T14:47:48Z","timestamp":1773672468000},"page":"108488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effectiveness of speed cameras in reducing speed: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"231","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7957-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Cesar","family":"Amancio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana Maria","family":"Cecy Gadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus David","family":"Inocente Domingos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Tiago","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"da Costa Bonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Maria","family":"Pinho Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3028-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anelise","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5916-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Oviedo-Trespalacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.07.004","article-title":"Driving speed and the risk of road crashes: a review","volume":"38","author":"Aarts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3141\/1595-04","article-title":"Effectiveness of automated speed-monitoring cameras in Kuwait","volume":"1595","author":"Ali","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981241230548","article-title":"Impact of speed limit enforcement cameras on speed behavior: naturalistic evidence from Brazil","author":"Amancio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2016.07.011","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of enforcement on speed distributions using probe vehicle data","volume":"46","author":"Bar-Gera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.03.023","article-title":"The influence of the elements of procedural justice and speed camera enforcement on young novice driver self-reported speeding","volume":"92","author":"Bates","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3141\/2055-02","article-title":"Automated speed photo enforcement effects on speeds in work zones","volume":"2055","author":"Benekohal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0035","first-page":"32","article-title":"Temporal speed reduction effects of drone radar in work zones","author":"Benekohal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3141\/1640-05","article-title":"Comparative study of speed reduction effects of photo-radar and speed display boards","volume":"1640","author":"Bloch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/15472450802023345","article-title":"Automated speed detection and sanctions system: application and evaluation in France","volume":"12","author":"Carnis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Intell. Transp. Syst. Technol. Plann. Oper."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90014-N","article-title":"The effects of mobile roadside speedometers on traffic speeds","volume":"25","author":"Casey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0055","unstructured":"Champness, P., Sheehan, M., Folkman, L., 2005. Time and distance halo effects of an overtly deployed mobile speed camera, In: Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference. Brisbane."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00006-9","article-title":"Speed and safety effect of photo radar enforcement on a highway corridor in British Columbia","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00071-8","article-title":"Evaluation of photo radar program in British Columbia","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.105366","article-title":"Evaluation of penalty and enforcement strategies to combat speeding offences among professional drivers: a Hong Kong stated preference experiment","volume":"135","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1680\/itran.1999.31375","article-title":"An investigation into the effectiveness of the speed camera","volume":"135","author":"Chin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proce. Institution of Civil Engineers: Transp."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0080","first-page":"26","article-title":"Effectiveness of automated speed enforcement in work zones","volume":"80","author":"Chitturi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Institute of Transp. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3141\/2078-17","article-title":"Analysis of automated speed enforcement cameras in Charlotte, North Carolina","volume":"2078","author":"Cunningham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3141\/2265-11","article-title":"Is ticketing aggressive cars and trucks effective in changing driver behavior?","volume":"2265","author":"Cunningham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.7250\/bjrbe.2018-13.415","article-title":"Evaluation of speeding and behaviour of drivers in roadwork zones","volume":"13","author":"\u010cygas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Baltic J. Road and Bridge Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.05.003","article-title":"Safety effects of reducing the speed limit from 90 km\/h to 70 km\/h","volume":"62","author":"De Pauw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebot Eno Akpa, N.A., Thinus Booysen, M.J., Sinclair, M., 2015. Efficacy of interventions and incentives to achieve speed compliance in the informal public transport sector, In: Proceedings - 2015 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence, SSCI 2015. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 30\u201337. doi:10.1109\/SSCI.2015.15.","DOI":"10.1109\/SSCI.2015.15"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_bib561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erap.2013.07.009","article-title":"Implementation of automatic speed enforcement: Covariation with young drivers\u2019 reported speeding behaviour and motivations","volume":"64","author":"Delhomme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Appl. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2011.02.016","article-title":"Developing an accident modification function for speed enforcement","volume":"49","author":"Elvik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0115","unstructured":"Franz, M.L., Chang, G.-L., 2011. Effects of Automated Speed Enforcement in Maryland Work Zones, In: TRB Annual Meeting."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.08.020","article-title":"Is there an observational effect? An exploratory study into speed cameras and self-reported offending behaviour","volume":"108","author":"Freeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtte.2021.05.005","article-title":"Investigating distance halo effect of fixed automated speed camera based on taxi GPS trajectory data","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Traffic and Transp. Eng. (English Edition)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0130","unstructured":"Gains, A., Heydecker, B., Shrewsbury, J., Robertson, S., 2004. The national safety camera programme. \u2026 Em: Http:\/\/Www. Dft. Gov. Uk\/ \u2026 December , 160."},{"issue":"3 Special Issue","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7250\/bjrbe.2020-15.480","article-title":"Impact of average speed enforcement systems on traffic safety: evidence from the roads of Lithuania","volume":"15","author":"Gav\u0117nien\u0117","year":"2020","journal-title":"Baltic J. Road and Bridge Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.06.011","article-title":"The effects of speed enforcement with mobile radar on speed and accidents: an evaluation study on rural roads in the Dutch province Friesland","volume":"37","author":"Goldenbeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2018.10.079","article-title":"Effects of traffic calming measures in different urban areas","volume":"33","author":"Gonzalo-Orden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3141\/2660-05","article-title":"Investigating time halo effects of mobile photo enforcement on urban roads","volume":"2660","author":"Gouda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3141\/2660-05","article-title":"Investigating distance halo effects of mobile photo enforcement on urban roads","volume":"2660","author":"Gouda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0160","first-page":"16","article-title":"Speed impacts of mobile speed cameras in Christchurch","volume":"14","author":"Gunarta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Road and Transport Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2012.03.002","article-title":"A survey of control-chart pattern-recognition literature (1991-2010) based on a new conceptual classification scheme","volume":"63","author":"Hachicha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3141\/2265-13","article-title":"Sustained and halo effects of various speed reduction treatments in highway work zones","volume":"2265","author":"Hajbabaie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00014-2","article-title":"The evaluation of effects on driver behavior and accidents of concentrated general enforcement on interurban roads in Israel","author":"Hakkert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0180","unstructured":"Harwood, D.W., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials., United States. Federal Highway Administration., National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., 1996. Intersection sight distance. National Academy Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.10.027","article-title":"Investigation of drivers\u2019 behavior towards speeds using crash data and self-reported questionnaire","volume":"98","author":"Hassan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(82)90038-0","article-title":"Speed enforcement and speed choicet","volume":"14","author":"Hauer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.09.001","article-title":"Speed cameras, section control, and kangaroo jumps-a meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"H\u00f8ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2016.1189076","article-title":"Effects of automated speed enforcement in Montgomery County, Maryland, on vehicle speeds, public opinion, and crashes","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0210","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Case study on low speed limit regions inspected by average speed enforcement: opinions on speed limit enforcement of commuter drivers in Turkey","volume":"28","author":"Ilgaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Techonol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2013.01.010","article-title":"An integrated speed management plan to reduce vehicle speeds in residential areas: Implementation and evaluation of the Silverberry Action Plan","volume":"45","author":"Islam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.11.004","article-title":"Driving behaviour responses to a moose encounter, automatic speed camera, wildlife warning sign and radio message determined in a factorial simulator study","volume":"86","author":"J\u00e4gerbrand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12544-018-0314-8","article-title":"Speed reduction effects over distance of animal-vehicle collision countermeasures \u2013 a driving simulator study","volume":"10","author":"J\u00e4gerbrand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Transp. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e277","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2017.17.03.004","article-title":"The roles and performance of professional driving instructors in novice driver education","volume":"17","author":"Jawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2020.11.011","article-title":"Effects of speed feedback signs and law enforcement on driver speed","volume":"77","author":"Karimpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2024.06.010","article-title":"Perceived effectiveness of traditional and technology-based speeding-related countermeasures","volume":"104","author":"Kaye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transport. Res. F: Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00077-X","article-title":"Further results from a trial comparing a hidden speed camera programme with visible camera operation","volume":"34","author":"Keall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00042-7","article-title":"The relative effectiveness of a hidden versus a visible speed camera programme","volume":"33","author":"Keall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2017.01.005","article-title":"Appraisal of speed-enforcement warning messages among young drivers: Influence of automatic versus human speed enforcement in a known or unknown location","volume":"46","author":"Kergoat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part F Traffic. Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, X., Das, S., Jha, K., Zhang, Y., 2020. Understanding speeding behavior from naturalistic driving data: Applying classification based association rule mining. Accid Anal Prev 144 May, 8. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105620.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105620"},{"issue":"68","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.21660\/2020.68.9255","article-title":"Effect of automated speed enforcement systems on driving behavior and attitudes on mountainaus roads in Thailand","volume":"18","author":"Kronprasert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. GEOMATE"},{"issue":"56","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.21660\/2019.56.4746","article-title":"Change of motorcycle speed under speed enforcement camera on urban arterial in Khon Kaen City, Thailand","volume":"16","author":"Kumphong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. GEOMATE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2010.01.009","article-title":"Variations of the kanban system: Literature review and classification","volume":"125","author":"Lage Junior","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0280","article-title":"A casual analysis of time-varying speed camera safety effects based on the propensity score method","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2016.02.008","article-title":"Using GIS to interpret automated speed enforcement guidelines and guide deployment decisions in mobile photo enforcement programs","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241860","article-title":"Bayesian hierarchical spatial count modeling of taxi speeding events based on GPS trajectory data","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3141\/2265-12","article-title":"Driver response to automated speed enforcement on rural highways in China","volume":"2265","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, F., Cheng, Z., 2010. Study on the Effects of Speed Camera.","DOI":"10.1061\/41127(382)89"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2012.01.002","article-title":"Effects of reduced threshold of automated speed enforcement on speed and safety","volume":"15","author":"Luoma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part F Traffic. Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0310","article-title":"The effectiveness of fixed speed cameras on Iranian taxi drivers: an evaluation of the influential factors. Front","author":"Malekpour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.03.028","article-title":"Overt vs. covert speed cameras in combination with delayed vs. immediate feedback to the offender","volume":"79","author":"Marciano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3141\/2107-03","article-title":"Downstream effects of speed photo-radar enforcement and other speed reduction treatments on work zones","volume":"2107","author":"Medina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G., Group, T.P., 2009. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses\u00a0: The PRISMA Statement 6 7 . doi:10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.11.022","article-title":"Effects on speed and safety of point-to-point speed enforcement systems: Evaluation on the urban motorway A56 Tangenziale di Napoli","volume":"75","author":"Montella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2015.01.025","article-title":"Point-to-point speed enforcement systems: speed limits design criteria and analysis of drivers\u2019 compliance","volume":"53","author":"Montella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostafi, S., Elgazzar, K., Feng, F., Barakzai, K., Koolhaas, D., 2024. Assessing the Effectiveness of Automated Speed Enforcement in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada, In: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Smart Mobility, SM 2024. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 48\u201354. doi:10.1109\/SM63044.2024.10733417.","DOI":"10.1109\/SM63044.2024.10733417"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0345","first-page":"280","article-title":"A detailed evaluation of the impact of speed cameras on safety","volume":"45","author":"Mountain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Traffic Eng. Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.03.017","article-title":"Are speed enforcement cameras more effective than other speed management measures?: The impact of speed management schemes on 30 mph roads","volume":"37","author":"Mountain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0355","first-page":"201","article-title":"Evaluation of automated enforcement program in Amman","volume":"46","author":"Naghawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Period. Polytech. Transp. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00101914","article-title":"Os radares fixos modificam o comportamento relacionado \u00e0 velocidade excessiva dos condutores em \u00e1reas urbanas?","volume":"31","author":"Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cad. Saude Publica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0365","first-page":"49","article-title":"Traffic safety recommendation using combined accident and speeding data","volume":"18","author":"Onuean","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Info. Commun. Convergence Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.10.006","article-title":"Understanding the impacts of mobile phone distraction on driving performance: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Oviedo-Trespalacios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2019.01.012","article-title":"The impact of road advertising signs on driver behaviour and implications for road safety: a critical systematic review","volume":"122","author":"Oviedo-Trespalacios","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp Res Part A Policy Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6304651","article-title":"Analysis of the impact of traffic violation monitoring on the vehicle speeds of urban main road: taking china as an example","volume":"2020","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0385","first-page":"1","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of high visibility enforcement programs using naturalistic driving study data: a grouped random parameters approach","volume":"21","author":"Pantangi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.08.019","article-title":"Behavioural effects of fixed speed cameras on motorways: overall improved speed compliance or kangaroo jumps?","volume":"73","author":"Pauw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0395","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluation of the radar speed cameras and panels indicating the vehicles\u2019 speed as traffic calming measures (TCM) in short length urban areas located along rural roads","volume":"14","author":"P\u00e9rez-Acebo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energies (Basel)"},{"issue":"7487","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38324.646574.AE","article-title":"Effectiveness of speed cameras in preventing road traffic collisions and related casualties: systematic review","volume":"330","author":"Pilkington","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0405","unstructured":"Povey, L.J., Frith, W.J., Keall, M.D., 2003. An investigation of the relationship between speed enforcement, vehicle speeds and injury crashes in New Zealand, In: Policing and Education Conference."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0410","unstructured":"Punzo, V., Cascetta, E., Bonnel, P., 2012. Impact on vehicle speeds and pollutant emissions of a fully automated section speed control scheme on the Naples urban motorway, In: ITS World Congress Vienna. Vienna, Austria."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2018-042912","article-title":"Impact of automated photo enforcement of vehicle speed in school zones: interrupted time series analysis","volume":"25","author":"Quistberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3141\/1830-05","article-title":"Evaluation of speed camera enforcement in the District of Columbia","volume":"1830","author":"Retting","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580802221333","article-title":"Evaluation of automated speed enforcement in Montgomery County, Maryland","volume":"9","author":"Retting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.03.017","article-title":"Evaluation of automated speed enforcement on Loop 101 freeway in Scottsdale, Arizona","volume":"40","author":"Retting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0435","first-page":"126","article-title":"Speed management strategies; a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Sadeghi-Bazargani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull Emerg Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.08.034","article-title":"Structural equations modelling of drivers\u2019 speed selection using environmental, driver, and risk factors","volume":"116","author":"Sadia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.12.028","article-title":"Driver views on speed and enforcement","volume":"89","author":"Schechtman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5169176","article-title":"Assessment of drivers\u2019 perceptions of various police enforcement strategies and associated penalties and rewards","volume":"2017","author":"Shaaban","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9461483","article-title":"Evaluation of section speed enforcement system using empirical bayes approach and turning point analysis","volume":"2020","author":"Shim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.12.011","article-title":"Evaluation of the Scottsdale Loop 101 automated speed enforcement demonstration program","volume":"41","author":"Shin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.11.015","article-title":"Safety-critical event risk associated with cell phone tasks as measured in naturalistic driving studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Simmons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0470","series-title":"Time Pressure\u2019s Impact on Taxi Drivers\u2019 Driving Speed: A Driving Simulator Study, in","first-page":"96","author":"Snober","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.01.018","article-title":"Effects of average speed enforcement on speed compliance and crashes: a review of the literature","volume":"54","author":"Soole","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.12.019","article-title":"Influence of traffic enforcement on the attitudes and behavior of drivers","volume":"52","author":"Stanojevi\u0107","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0485","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automated speed control on urban arterial road: an experience from Khon Kaen City, Thailand","volume":"1","author":"Tankasem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2021.1957100","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of fixed speed cameras on speeding behavior among Iranian taxi drivers through telematics monitoring","volume":"22","author":"Tavolinejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3141\/2078-16","article-title":"Safety effects of automated speed enforcement programs: critical review of international literature","volume":"2078","author":"Thomas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.03.012","article-title":"Changes in speed distribution: applying aggregated safety effect models to individual vehicle speeds","volume":"103","author":"Vadeby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2014.11.008","article-title":"An evaluation of section control based on floating car data","volume":"58","author":"Vanlommel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WHO, 2018. Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018, Director. doi:10.22201\/fq.18708404e.2004.3.66178.","DOI":"10.22201\/fq.18708404e.2004.3.66178"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/safety3010001","article-title":"Evaluating speed enforcement field set-ups used by regional police in Belgium: an analysis of speed outcome indicators","volume":"3","author":"Wilmots","year":"2016","journal-title":"Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.12.014","article-title":"Speed control with and without advanced warning sign on the field: an analysis of the effect on driving speed","volume":"85","author":"Wilmots","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004607.pub3","article-title":"Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3141\/2009-05","article-title":"Monitoring displays coupled with speed cameras: effectiveness on speed reduction","volume":"2009","author":"Woo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, M., Ma, J., Chen; Qiang, Yang, Y., 2016. Deterrent Effect of Fixed-Site Speed Enforcement on Freeways, in: 16th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Shangai, China.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-2398-9_24"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Liu, P., Huang, F., Yu, H., 2011. Evaluation of the Speed Reduction Effects of Automated Speed Enforcements on Freeways.","DOI":"10.1061\/41186(421)204"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0545","first-page":"435","article-title":"Effectiveness of automatic section speed control system operating on national roads in Poland","volume":"31","author":"Ziolkowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Traffic & Transportation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.20858\/tp.2018.13.2.1","article-title":"Speed management efficacy on national roads \u2013 Early experiences of sectional speed system functioning in podlaskie voivodship","volume":"13","author":"Zi\u00f3lkowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transport Problems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0555","series-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","article-title":"Investigations of Section Speed on Rural roads in Podlaskie Voivodeship","author":"Ziolkowski","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488_b0560","first-page":"12","article-title":"Speed profile as a tool to estimate traffic calming measures efficiency","volume":"8","author":"Ziolkowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture"}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457526000977?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457526000977?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:14:13Z","timestamp":1775567653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457526000977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":112,"alternative-id":["S0001457526000977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of speed cameras in reducing speed: a systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108488","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108488"}}