{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:48:43Z","timestamp":1791665323593,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026M791755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026M791755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:47:41Z","timestamp":1791316061000},"page":"108800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Quantifying internal and external heterogeneous effects of bus drivers\u2019 personality traits and driving behavior on bus crashes: Insights from questionnaires and NDS data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changshuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenzhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdel-Aty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2004.03.006","article-title":"Is there a pattern in European bus and coach incidents? A literature analysis with special focus on injury causation and injury mechanisms","volume":"37","author":"Albertsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105949","article-title":"Safety critical event prediction through unified analysis of driver and vehicle volatilities: Application of deep learning methods","volume":"151","author":"Arvin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0015","series-title":"in: 2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC). IEEE","first-page":"1574","article-title":"Naturalistic driving study for older drivers based on the DriveSafe app","author":"Bergasa","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos, A., Mart\u00ednez, M., 2024. Ageing and performance in professional bus driving \u2013 A case study from Chile 174 December 2023 . doi:10.1016\/j.ssci.2024.106480.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2024.106480"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0025","series-title":"Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire","author":"Cattell","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0030","article-title":"Exploring the associations of demographics and scale measures with cognitive driving behavior among older drivers in China","volume":"200 January","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.06.018","article-title":"Effect of bus size and operation to crash occurrences","volume":"42","author":"Chimba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.12.018","article-title":"Demographic factors, fatigue, and driving accidents: An examination of the published literature","volume":"43","author":"Di Milia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, H., Wang, R., Li, T., Zhou, M., Sze, N.N., Dong, N., 2024. Quantifying the heterogeneity impact of risk factors on regional bicycle crash frequency\u00a0: A hybrid approach of clustering and random parameter model. Accid. Anal. Prev. 207 April , 107753. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107753.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107753"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0055","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accident probability prediction and analysis of bus drivers based on occupational characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171348","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3498936","article-title":"Analysis of risk bus driver characteristics and research on risk level evaluation methods for bus drivers","volume":"12 October","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/app14010279","article-title":"Accident probability prediction and analysis of bus drivers based on occupational characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177705900","article-title":"Simplified estimation from censored normal samples","author":"Dixon","year":"1960","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Stat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.03.014","article-title":"Relationship between Cattell\u2019s 16PF and fluid and crystallized intelligence","volume":"51","author":"Djapo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.001","article-title":"Macroscopic hotspots identification: A Bayesian spatio-temporal interaction approach","volume":"92","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.05.018","article-title":"Support vector machine in crash prediction at the level of traffic analysis zones: assessing the spatial proximity effects","volume":"82","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Huang, H., Wang, J., Jin, J., Liu, J., 2026. A comprehensive analysis of contributing factors in bus crashes\u00a0: integrating passenger injury severity and vehicle damage severity using the Frank copula model. Accid. Anal. Prev. 232 September 2025 , 108552. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108552.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108552"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0095","series-title":"in: Conference Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the 16PF. Institute for Personality and Ability Testing","first-page":"123","article-title":"Statistical prediction of driving-related behaviors of Israeli bus drivers","author":"Eli","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Everitt, B.S., Landau, S., Leese, M., Stahl, D., 2011. Cluster analysis.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470977811"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2016.09.023","article-title":"Driving anger in China: A case study on professional drivers","volume":"42","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp. Res. part F traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2004.11.003","article-title":"Towards a general theory of driver behaviour","volume":"37","author":"Fuller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.12.022","article-title":"Factors affecting the probability of bus drivers being at-fault in bus-involved accidents","volume":"66","author":"Goh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105674","article-title":"Modeling the service-route-based crash frequency by a spatiotemporal-random-effect zero-inflated negative binomial model: An empirical analysis for bus-involved crashes","volume":"144","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2020.08.007","article-title":"Driver behaviour and traffic accident involvement among professional urban bus drivers in China","volume":"74","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Res. part F traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(89)90001-8","article-title":"A sixteen-factor personality test for predicting automobile driving accidents of young drivers","volume":"21","author":"Hilakivi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01908075","article-title":"Comparing partitions","volume":"2","author":"Hubert","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Classif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiao, Y., Wang, X., Zhao, X., Hurwitz, D., 2024. Effects of insomnia on risky driving behavior among bus drivers\u00a0: The mediating effect of mental health. Accid. Anal. Prev. 195 December 2023 , 107419. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107419.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107419"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2012.05.003","article-title":"Risk factors associated with bus accident severity in the United States: A generalized ordered logit model","volume":"43","author":"Kaplan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2020.1719228","article-title":"Longitudinal jerk and celeration as measures of safety in bus rapid transit drivers in Tehran","volume":"21","author":"Khorram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theor. Issues Ergon. Sci."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01805.x","article-title":"The role of affect in predicting social behaviors: The case of road traffic violations","volume":"27","author":"Lawton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107665","article-title":"Optimizing crash risk models for freeway segments: A focus on the heterogeneous effects of road geometric design features, traffic operation status, and crash units","volume":"205","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0165","article-title":"The application of novel connected vehicles emulated data on real-time crash potential prediction for arterials","volume":"144 March","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0170","first-page":"14","article-title":"Using the multivariate spatio-temporal Bayesian model to analyze traffic crashes by severity","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Li, T., Yang, J., Chen, H., 2025. A hybrid exploratory approach for understanding risk driving behaviors of bus drivers: A case study of Nanjing, China. Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 109 December 2024 , 520\u2013539. doi:10.1016\/j.trf.2024.12.030.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2024.12.030"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, P., David, W.F., 2020. Exploring injury severity in head-on crashes using latent class clustering analysis and mixed logit model\u00a0: A case study of North Carolina. Accid. Anal. Prev. 135 December 2019 , 105388. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2019.105388.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.105388"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loo, B.P.Y., Fan, Z., Lian, T., Zhang, F., 2023. Using computer vision and machine learning to identify bus safety risk factors. Accid. Anal. Prev. 185 October 2022 , 107017. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0190","first-page":"29","article-title":"Multivariate space-time modeling of crash frequencies by injury severity levels","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0195","article-title":"Prediction and analysis of likelihood of freeway crash occurrence considering risky driving behavior","volume":"192 April","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.10.012","article-title":"Predicting expressway crash frequency using a random effect negative binomial model: A case study in China","volume":"98","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2007.08.010","article-title":"Relationships between young drivers\u2019 personality characteristics, risk perceptions, and driving behaviour","volume":"40","author":"Machin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.03.034","article-title":"Crash risk and aberrant driving behaviors among bus drivers: the role of personality and attitudes towards traffic safety","volume":"79","author":"Mallia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0215","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unobserved heterogeneity and the statistical analysis of highway accident data","volume":"11","author":"Mannering","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Accid. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2020.103309","article-title":"Bus driver fatigue: A qualitative study of drivers in London","volume":"92","author":"Maynard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nan, S., Tu, R., Li, T., Sun, J., Chen, H., 2022. From driving behavior to energy consumption: A novel method to predict the energy consumption of electric bus. Energy 261 September 2021 . doi:10.1016\/j.energy.2022.125188.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.125188"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925170","article-title":"Driving errors, driving violations and accident involvement","volume":"38","author":"Parker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0235","first-page":"573","article-title":"The Relationship Among Impulsivity, Fatigue and Coping Style in Bus Drivers","volume":"26","author":"Pu","year":"2018","journal-title":"China J. Heal. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-011-0235-5","article-title":"Urban bus drivers\u2019 sleep problems and crash accidents","volume":"63","author":"Razmpa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139008925335","article-title":"Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction?","volume":"33","author":"Reason","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0250","first-page":"142","article-title":"Examining bus driver behavior as a function of roadway features under daytime and nighttime lighting conditions\u00a0: Driving simulator study","volume":"110 August","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2010.07.007","article-title":"Distraction \u2018on the buses\u2019: A novel framework of ergonomics methods for identifying sources and effects of bus driver distraction","volume":"42","author":"Salmon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.07.008","article-title":"Modelling public bus\/minibus transport accident severity in Ghana","volume":"119","author":"Sam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(81)90088-X","article-title":"Reliability, homogeneity and the construct validity of Cattell\u2019s 16PF","volume":"2","author":"Saville","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.12.016","article-title":"Probabilistic models of motorcyclists\u2019 injury severities in single-and multi-vehicle crashes","volume":"39","author":"Savolainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, X., Wong, Y.D., Li, M.Z.F., Palanisamy, C., Chai, C., 2019. A feature learning approach based on XGBoost for driving assessment and risk prediction. Accid. Anal. Prev. 129 November 2018 , 170\u2013179. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2019.05.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.05.005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, H., Kathuria, A., 2021. Analyzing driver behavior under naturalistic driving conditions: A review. Accid. Anal. Prev. 150 November 2020 , 105908. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105908.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105908"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.05.008","article-title":"Development of pedestrian-and vehicle-related safety performance functions using Bayesian bivariate hierarchical models with mode-specific covariates","volume":"78","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0290","first-page":"583","article-title":"Cluster ensembles\u2013-a knowledge reuse framework for combining multiple partitions","volume":"3 Dec","author":"Strehl","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00103-3","article-title":"Personality and behavioral predictors of traffic accidents: testing a contextual mediated model","volume":"35","author":"S\u00fcmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamakloe, R., Khorasani, M., Kim, I., 2025. Differences in injury severities between elderly and non-elderly taxi driver at-fault crashes\u00a0: Temporal instability and out-of-sample prediction. Accid. Anal. Prev. 211 November 2024 , 107865. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107865.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107865"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(03)00010-1","article-title":"The multidimensional driving style inventory\u2014scale construct and validation","volume":"36","author":"Taubman-Ben-Ari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2019.1603012","article-title":"An investigation of the relationship between demographic variables, driving behaviour and crash involvement risk of bus drivers: a case study from Iran","volume":"27","author":"Tavakoli Kashani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2012.661110","article-title":"Factors affecting accident severity inside and outside urban areas in Greece","volume":"13","author":"Theofilatos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0040","unstructured":"Annual Report of Road Traffic Accidents Statistics in 2019. Traffic Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security of the People' s Republic of China, 2020.Beijing."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2011.09.011","article-title":"Social-demographics, driving experience and yearly driving distance in relation to a tour bus driver\u2019s at-fault accident risk","volume":"33","author":"Tseng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tukey, J.W., 1962. The future of data analysis, in: Breakthroughs in Statistics: Methodology and Distribution. Springer, pp. 408\u2013452.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4380-9_31"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.04.023","article-title":"Stress-related psychosocial factors at work, fatigue, and risky driving behavior in bus rapid transport (BRT) drivers","volume":"104","author":"Useche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Abdel-aty, M., Zhai, S., Saif, A., Uddin, N., Islam, Z., 2026. From prediction to explanation\u00a0: A machine learning and causal mediation framework for roadway crash risk with connected vehicle data. Transp. Res. Part C 183 November 2025 , 105479. doi:10.1016\/j.trc.2025.105479.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2025.105479"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2024.2385102","article-title":"Injury severity analysis of e-bike riders in China based on the in-vehicle recording video crash data: a random parameter ordered logit model","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Inj. Contr. Saf. Promot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0345","article-title":"Driving risk assessment based on naturalistic driving study and driver attitude questionnaire analysis","volume":"145 March","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0350","article-title":"Analysis of risky driving behaviors among bus drivers in China: the role of enterprise management, external environment and attitudes towards traffic safety","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Jiao, Y., Huo, J., Li, R., Zhou, C., Pan, H., Chai, C., 2021. Analysis of safety climate and individual factors affecting bus drivers \u2019 crash involvement using a two-level logit model. Accid. Anal. Prev. 154 December 2020 , 106087. doi:10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106087.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106087"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0360","series-title":"Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis","author":"Washington","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981251320395","article-title":"Study on mixed traffic flow characteristics in an expressway environment considering illuminance effects","volume":"2679","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2022.2079639","article-title":"Impact of rule-violating behaviors on the risk of bus drivers being at-fault in crashes","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0375","article-title":"Real-time driving risk prediction using a self-attention-based bidirectional long short-term memory network based on multi-source data","volume":"204 February","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0380","article-title":"Driving risk identification of urban arterial and collector roads based on multi-scale data","volume":"206 March","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.04.003","article-title":"Route familiarity breeds inattention: A driving simulator study","volume":"57","author":"Yanko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0390","article-title":"Exploring factors associated with cyclist injury severity in vehicle\u2010electric bicycle crashes based on a random parameter logit model","volume":"2021","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/15568318.2020.1722869","article-title":"Investigating vehicle roadway usage patterns on the Shanghai urban expressway system and their impacts on traffic safety","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J.Sustain. Transp."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0400","first-page":"326","article-title":"Driving safety performance evaluation method for heavy vehicle drivers based on super-efficiency data envelopment analysis","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"China J. Highw. Transp."},{"issue":"100","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0405","article-title":"Development of a bus real-time crash risk prediction framework by using a self-attention-based bidirectional long and short-term memory network with anomaly detection learning and mixed sequence features","volume":"225","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1049\/itr2.70163","article-title":"Potential collision severity prediction based on data distribution\u2010preserving resampling","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"IET Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"126","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0415","article-title":"Examining the associations between urban bus drivers\u2019 rule violations and crash frequency using observational data","volume":"187","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12544-024-00653-1","article-title":"Safety evaluation via conflict classification during automated shuttle bus service operations","volume":"16","author":"Ziakopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Transp. Res. Rev."}],"container-title":["Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457526004094?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001457526004094?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:00:03Z","timestamp":1791662403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001457526004094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S0001457526004094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quantifying internal and external heterogeneous effects of bus drivers\u2019 personality traits and driving behavior on bus crashes: Insights from questionnaires and NDS data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Accident Analysis & Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2026.108800","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108800"}}