{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:25:13Z","timestamp":1786983913363,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018992","name":"Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Republic of Serbia Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Republic of Serbia Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Republic of Serbia Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T11:35:59Z","timestamp":1747740959000},"page":"110475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Food-derived bioactive pigment phycocyanobilin binds to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein both covalently and noncovalently affecting its conformation and functionality"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"770","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Simovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Radomirovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Gligorijevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milos","family":"Milcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masa","family":"Bicanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simeon","family":"Minic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijana","family":"Stojanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Stanic-Vucinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Cirkovic Velickovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-01001-1","article-title":"Clinical course and management of COVID-19 in the era of widespread population immunity","volume":"22","author":"Meyerowitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212385","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of possible action of phenolic compounds in COVID-19 protection and prevention","volume":"22","author":"Gligorijevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.197989","article-title":"Natural product-derived phytochemicals as potential agents against coronaviruses: a review","volume":"284","author":"Mani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib4a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-021-02372-9","article-title":"Docking and in silico toxicity assessment of Arthrospira compounds as potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"33","author":"Petit","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib4b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-021-02476-2","article-title":"Correction to: docking and in silico toxicity assessment of Arthrospira compounds as potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"33","author":"Petit","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105014","article-title":"Heme binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein","volume":"299","author":"Freeman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg7607","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 can recruit a heme metabolite to evade antibody immunity","volume":"7","author":"Rosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.645713","article-title":"Phycobilins as potent food bioactive broad-spectrum inhibitors against proteases of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses: a preliminary study","volume":"12","author":"Pendyala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102533","article-title":"The nanomolar affinity of C-phycocyanin from virtual screening of microalgal bioactive as potential ACE2 inhibitor for COVID-19 therapy","volume":"35","author":"Prasetiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113362","article-title":"Phycocyanin: anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism","volume":"153","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202200455","article-title":"The cyanobacterial \u201cnutraceutical\u201d phycocyanobilin inhibits cysteine protease legumain","volume":"24","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.07.066","article-title":"Characterization and effects of binding of food-derived bioactive phycocyanobilin to bovine serum albumin","volume":"239","author":"Minic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"76","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61787","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA05534B","article-title":"Phycocyanobilin, a bioactive tetrapyrrolic compound of blue-green alga Spirulina, binds with high affinity and competes with bilirubin for binding on human serum albumin","volume":"5","author":"Minic","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2021.119483","article-title":"Nutraceutical phycocyanobilin binding to catalase protects the pigment from oxidation without affecting catalytic activity","volume":"251","author":"Gligorijevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.06.138","article-title":"Covalent binding of food-derived blue pigment phycocyanobilin to bovine beta-lactoglobulin under physiological conditions","volume":"269","author":"Minic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.107169","article-title":"Phycocyanobilin-modified \u03b2-lactoglobulin exhibits increased antioxidant properties and stability to digestion and heating","volume":"123","author":"Radomirovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0485-4","article-title":"Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"6483","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2507","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation","volume":"367","author":"Wrapp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7807","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5","article-title":"Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor","volume":"581","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-020-09935-8","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: a review","volume":"39","author":"Suhail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein J."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16292","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c02125","article-title":"Impact of thiol-disulfide balance on the binding of covid-19 spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor","volume":"5","author":"Hati","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100560R","article-title":"Disruption of disulfides within RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevents fusion and represents a target for viral entry inhibition by registered drugs","volume":"35","author":"Mancek-Keber","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.01.106","article-title":"The function of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is impaired by disulfide-bond disruption with mutation at cysteine-488 and by thiol-reactive N-acetyl-cysteine and glutathione","volume":"597","author":"Murae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.167357","article-title":"Disulfide bonds play a critical role in the structure and function of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen","volume":"434","author":"Grishin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L372","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00136.2022","article-title":"Exploring antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of thiol drugs in COVID-19","volume":"323","author":"Khanna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1790001","article-title":"Mass-spectral identification and purification of phycoerythrobilin and phycocyanobilin","volume":"179","author":"Fu","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3643","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00990a055","article-title":"Structure of phycocyanobilin","volume":"89","author":"Cole","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2120419119","article-title":"Thiol-based chemical probes exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 via allosteric disulfide disruption in the spike glycoprotein","volume":"119","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D543","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1038","article-title":"The PRIDE database resources in 2022: a hub for mass spectrometry-based proteomics evidences","volume":"50","author":"Perez-Riverol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib29","article-title":"Structural and functional comparison of SARS-CoV-2-spike receptor binding domain produced in Pichia pastoris and mammalian cells","volume":"10","author":"Argentinian AntiCovid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-023-00434-5","article-title":"Conformational characterization of the mammalian-expressed SARS-CoV-2 recombinant receptor binding domain, a COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"56","author":"Moro-Perez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010583","article-title":"Engineered disulfide reveals structural dynamics of locked SARS-CoV-2 spike","volume":"18","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10834","DOI":"10.1021\/jf303153d","article-title":"Addition of beta-lactoglobulin produces water-soluble shikonin","volume":"60","author":"Albreht","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2021.09.002","article-title":"Potential natural products that target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein identified by structure-based virtual screening, isothermal titration calorimetry and lentivirus particles pseudotyped (Vpp) infection assay","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.61476","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus invasion by ACE2 protecting and Spike neutralizing peptides: an alternative approach to COVID19 prevention and therapy","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.0c00664","article-title":"Rationally designed ACE2-derived peptides inhibit SARS-CoV-2","volume":"32","author":"Larue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c00477","article-title":"Synthetic peptides that antagonize the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) interaction with SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding spike protein","volume":"65","author":"Sadremomtaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29018","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204263200","article-title":"The local electrostatic environment determines cysteine reactivity of tubulin","volume":"277","author":"Britto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"6517","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3255","article-title":"Free fatty acid binding pocket in the locked structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein","volume":"370","author":"Toelzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84850-1","article-title":"Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids inhibit ACE2-controlled SARS-CoV-2 binding and cellular entry","volume":"11","author":"Goc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030711","article-title":"In silico study of polyunsaturated fatty acids as potential SARS-CoV-2 spike protein closed conformation stabilizers: epidemiological and computational approaches","volume":"26","author":"Vivar-Sierra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV118.005604","article-title":"Allosteric disulfides: sophisticated molecular structures enabling flexible protein regulation","volume":"294","author":"Chiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003986125001882?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003986125001882?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:28:07Z","timestamp":1778646487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003986125001882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0003986125001882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9861","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Food-derived bioactive pigment phycocyanobilin binds to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein both covalently and noncovalently affecting its conformation and functionality","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110475","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110475"}}