{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:33:24Z","timestamp":1788449604694,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:20:48Z","timestamp":1744269648000},"page":"407-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Acquired syphilis: update on clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects\u22c6"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2283-069X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Talhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3984-2964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaique","family":"Arriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0101-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio Soares","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4256-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Verrinder","family":"Veasey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1969.71.2.02a00020","article-title":"The early history of syphilis: a reappraisal","volume":"71","author":"Crosby","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0010","first-page":"4","article-title":"Brief history of syphilis","volume":"7","author":"Tampa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Life."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0030","unstructured":"Brazil. Ministry of Health. Health Surveillance Secretariat. Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis. Syphilis Epidemiological Bulletin 2023 [Internet]. [cited 2024 Aug. 25] Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/centrais-de-conteudo\/publicacoes\/boletins\/epidemiologicos\/especiais\/2023\/boletim-epidemiologico-de-sifilis-numero-especial-out.2023\/view."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0025","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Internet]. Syphilis Surveillance Supplemental Slides, 2018-2022. [cited 2024 Aug 28]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sti-statistics\/syphilis-supplement\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2947","article-title":"Association of HIV preexposure prophylaxis with incidence of sexually transmitted infections among individuals at high risk of HIV infection","volume":"321","author":"Traeger","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883211018917","article-title":"Incidence of sexually transmitted infections after initiating HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among MSM in Southern Denmark","volume":"15","author":"Azarnoosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0035","article-title":"Prevalence of syphilis among people living with HIV and its implication for enhanced coinfection monitoring and management in China: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2022056003904","article-title":"Factors associated with HIV\/syphilis co-infection initiating of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"56","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.36519\/kd.2023.4263","article-title":"Syphilis co-infection in individuals living with HIV: data from tertiary hospitals","volume":"36","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Klimik Derg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.141","article-title":"Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete: making a living as a stealth pathogen","volume":"14","author":"Radolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.73","article-title":"Syphilis","volume":"3","author":"Peeling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02199781","article-title":"[Diagnosis of syphilitic initial sclerosis and localized contagious helicosis]","volume":"17","author":"Finger","year":"1885","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13753","article-title":"Changes in neurosyphilis presentation: a survey on 286 patients","volume":"30","author":"Drago","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.05.2011.4221","article-title":"Lues maligna in a patient with unknown HIV infection","author":"Pf\u00f6hler","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.03.008","article-title":"Atypical manifestations of recent syphilis: study of 19 cases","volume":"95","author":"Sardinha","year":"2020","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.06.017","article-title":"Sweet syndrome associated with secondary nodular syphilis in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"96","author":"Escanilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200410210-00012","article-title":"Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections","volume":"18","author":"Buchacz","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1086\/513427","article-title":"Syphilis and HIV infection: an update","volume":"44","author":"Zetola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0095","unstructured":"Brazil. Ministry of Health. Health Surveillance Secretariat. STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Department. Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)\/ Ministry of Health, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Department of Chronic Conditions Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections. - Bras\u00edlia: Ministry of Health; 2022 [Internet]. [cited 2024 Aug. 28] Available from: http:\/\/bvsms.saude.gov.br\/bvs\/publicacoes\/protocolo_clinico_atecao_integral_ist.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0100","first-page":"e91","article-title":"Rupioid lesions, PLEVA and superposition phenomenon in malignant syphilis: two case reports in HIV-infected patients","volume":"32","author":"Barros D\u2019Elia Zanella","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007258","article-title":"Primary syphilis","volume":"19","author":"Eccleston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.02.073","article-title":"Sexually acquired syphilis: historical aspects, microbiology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations","volume":"82","author":"Forrestel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13206","article-title":"Unusual primary syphilis: presentation of a likely case with a review of the stages of acquired syphilis, its differential diagnoses, management, and current recommendations","volume":"55","author":"Watts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0120","article-title":"Natural history of primary syphilis: clinical and serological aspects of chancre concurrent with Follmann\u2019s balanitis","author":"Veasey","year":"2022","journal-title":"DST [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.66","article-title":"Dory flop sign of syphilis","volume":"146","author":"Katz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962006000200002","article-title":"Syphilis: diagnosis, treatment and control","volume":"81","author":"Avelleira","year":"2006","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14319","article-title":"Syphilitic balanitis of Follmann: two case reports","volume":"58","author":"Platsidaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13802","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of syphilitic balanitis of Follmann: report of five cases and a review of the literature","volume":"30","author":"Mainetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12068","article-title":"Syphilitic balanitis of Follmann","volume":"53","author":"Oan\u0163\u0103","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.11.011","article-title":"Rollet\u2019s mixed chancre in Brazilian pregnant women: an unusual case report","volume":"91","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.1.205-216.2005","article-title":"Secondary syphilitic lesions","volume":"18","author":"Baughn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20163958","article-title":"Papulonodular secondary syphilis: a rare clinic presentation confirmed by serologic and histologic exams","volume":"91","author":"Veasey","year":"2016","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.97676","article-title":"Syphilis d\u2019 emblee","volume":"57","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2010.010243","article-title":"Secondary syphilis: the classical triad of skin rash, mucosal ulceration and lymphadenopathy","volume":"21","author":"Mullooly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962007000200008","article-title":"Secondary syphilis with pulmonary involvement","volume":"82","author":"Oliveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20164174","article-title":"Gastric syphilis - case report","volume":"91","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2016","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12212","article-title":"Secondary syphilis with numerous eosinophils","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416681921","article-title":"Pruritic nodular secondary syphilis in a 61-year-old man with HIV infection","volume":"28","author":"Rovira-L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417713586","article-title":"Anetoderma due to secondary syphilis: report of two cases and discussion of the histopathological findings","volume":"28","author":"Veasey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20186850","article-title":"Corymbiform syphilis associated with three other sexually transmitted infections","volume":"93","author":"Veasey","year":"2018","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1259","article-title":"Syphilitic condylomata lata mimicking anogenital warts","volume":"350","author":"Bruins","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.74","article-title":"Condylomata of the pannus in 3 obese patients: a new location for a common disease","volume":"146","author":"Staples","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0215","first-page":"e138","article-title":"Oral findings in secondary syphilis","volume":"23","author":"de Andrade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322006000200012","article-title":"Oral manifestations of syphilis","volume":"61","author":"Le\u00e3o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.01.007","article-title":"Dermatoscopic findings of syphilitic alopecia","volume":"95","author":"Bomfim","year":"2020","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000477415","article-title":"Syphilitic alopecia: case reports and trichoscopic findings","volume":"3","author":"Doche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000449418","article-title":"Periungual lesion due to secondary syphilis","volume":"2","author":"Noriega","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00075-10","article-title":"Erythema multiforme caused by Treponema pallidum in a young patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"48","author":"Chiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417726203","article-title":"Erythema multiforme triggered by Treponema pallidum infection in an HIV-infected patient","volume":"29","author":"Zanella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-016-0542-9","article-title":"Ocular syphilis: a clinical review","volume":"18","author":"Woolston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1371765","article-title":"Ocular syphilis: an update","volume":"27","author":"Dutta Majumder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1964.03860120104011","article-title":"The Tuskegee study of untreated syphilis; the 30th year of observation","volume":"114","author":"Rockwell","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0265","first-page":"3","article-title":"The Oslo study of untreated syphilis; an epidemiologic investigation of the natural course of the syphilitic infection based upon a re-study of the Boeck-Bruusgaard material","volume":"35","author":"Gjestland","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20163837","article-title":"Nodular tertiary syphilis in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"91","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2016","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.07.058","article-title":"Syphilitic aortic aneurysm with spastic paraparesis: a novel presentation and review of the literature","volume":"323","author":"Gugssa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X11417614","article-title":"Giant syphilitic aortic aneurysm: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Tomey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1257-0","article-title":"Case report: neuropathic arthropathy of the hip as a sequela of undiagnosed tertiary syphilis","volume":"468","author":"Viens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12183","article-title":"An annular patch of the scalp reveals tertiary syphilis","volume":"53","author":"Bekkali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13134","article-title":"A pseudotumoral facial mass revealing tertiary syphilis","volume":"42","author":"Benzaquen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2016.01.007","article-title":"Tertiary syphilis: tubero-serpiginous and tubero-ulcerous syphilids","volume":"20","author":"Jorge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90117-8","article-title":"Nodular tertiary syphilis mimicking granuloma annulare","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2018.30.6.749","article-title":"Syphilitic gumma: a rare form of cutaneous tertiary syphilis","volume":"30","author":"Moon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12860","article-title":"Rapid progression to gummatous tertiary syphilis in a patient with HIV","volume":"60","author":"Charlton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0320","first-page":"363","article-title":"Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection","volume":"95","author":"Funny\u00e9","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0325","first-page":"15","article-title":"HIV and Syphilis coinfection: major clinical complications and laboratory diagnosis coinfection","volume":"53","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Clin Analyses."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01061-8","article-title":"Syphilis and HIV: a dangerous combination","volume":"4","author":"Lynn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822005000200011","article-title":"Lues maligna in an HIV-infected patient","volume":"38","author":"Pasoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0340","first-page":"373","article-title":"[Malignant syphilis in patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): case report and literature review].","volume":"20","author":"Romero-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2003","journal-title":"An Med Interna"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410210124014","article-title":"Prozone phenomenon in secondary syphilis. Has its time arrived?","volume":"153","author":"Jurado","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0360","unstructured":"Brazil. Ministry of Health. Technical Manual for Syphilis Diagnosis. 2021. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun. 06] Available from: http:\/\/www.aids.gov.br\/pt-br\/pub\/2021\/manual-tecnico-para-o-diagnostico-da-sifilis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_43_22","article-title":"Prozone phenomenon in secondary syphilis with HIV co-infection: two cases","volume":"43","author":"Awake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0355","unstructured":"Brazil. Ministry of Health. Health Surveillance Secretariat. Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis. Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for the Management of HIV Infection in Adults 2013 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun. 06]. Available from: http:\/\/www.aids.gov.br\/pt-br\/pub\/2013\/protocolo-clinico-e-diretrizes-terapeuticas-para-manejo-da-infeccao-pelo-hiv-em-adultos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.11.007","article-title":"Syphilis in children","volume":"32","author":"Heston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0370","unstructured":"Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jun. 18] Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/syphilis-hiv.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0434","article-title":"The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction after antibiotic treatment of Spirochetal infections: a review of recent cases and our understanding of pathogenesis","volume":"96","author":"Butler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0380","article-title":"Molecular subtyping of Treponema pallidum and associated factors of serofast status in early syphilis patients: identified novel genotype and cytokine marker","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002_bib0385","unstructured":"Brazil. Ministry of Health. Agenda of strategic actions for the reduction of syphilis in Brazil. 2017. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun. 06] Available from: http:\/\/www.aids.gov.br\/pt-br\/pub\/2017\/agenda-de-acoes-estrategicas-para-reducao-da-sifilis-no-brasil."}],"container-title":["Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0365059625000406?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0365059625000406?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T14:38:13Z","timestamp":1751553493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0365059625000406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0365059625000406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0365-0596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0365-0596","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acquired syphilis: update on clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects\u22c6","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}