{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:44:25Z","timestamp":1790048665996,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-048743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-048743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T02:43:23Z","timestamp":1736045003000},"page":"100581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among school-going adolescents in 53 African countries: Evidence from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8055-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Retselisitsoe","family":"Pokothoane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7591-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terefe Gelibo","family":"Agerfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8347-1374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christus Cito","family":"Miderho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3189-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noreen Dadirai","family":"Mdege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0005","series-title":"Member states","author":"African-Union","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.9.1.3","article-title":"From social taboo to \u201ctorch of freedom\u201d: The marketing of cigarettes to women","volume":"9","author":"Amos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tobacco Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0015","unstructured":"Assunta, M. (2023). Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index 2023. Global Center for Good Governance in Tobacco Control (GGTC). https:\/\/globaltobaccoindex.org\/report-summary."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0020","article-title":"Countries and Jurisdictions with Pictorial Health Warning Labels, by Size","author":"Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids","year":"2021","journal-title":"Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab084","article-title":"Global patterns and prevalence of dual and poly-tobacco use: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218060","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8060","article-title":"Age at smoking initiation and prevalence of cigarette use among youths in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2014-2017","volume":"4","author":"Chido-Amajuoyi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2021.100387","article-title":"Prevalence of addictive behaviours among adolescents from 73 low-and middle-income countries","volume":"14","author":"de la Torre-Luque","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6454-5","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and reasons for leaving school among school dropouts in South Africa","volume":"19","author":"Desai","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0045","series-title":"Tobacconomics Cigarette Tax Scorecard","author":"Drope","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0050","series-title":"The Tobacco Atlas","author":"Drope","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2021.100984","article-title":"Adolescents take positive risks, too","volume":"62","author":"Duell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2015.05.003","article-title":"Systematic review to inform dual tobacco use prevention","volume":"62","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac017","article-title":"Cigarette prices and smoking among youth in 16 African countries: Evidence from the global youth Tobacco Survey","volume":"24","author":"Filby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0070","unstructured":"Flay, B. R., Petraitis, J., & Hu, F. B. (1995). The theory of triadic influence: Preliminary evidence related to alcohol and tobacco use. In Alcohol and tobacco: From basic science to clinical practice. NIAAA, Bethesda, MD. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Brian-Flay\/publication\/224942198_The_theory_of_triadic_influence_Preliminary_evidence_related_to_alcohol_and_tobacco_use\/links\/55a2caf808aec9ca1e64fe7f\/The-theory-of-triadic-influence-Preliminary-evidence-related-to-alcohol-and-tobacco-use.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0075","series-title":"June 30). World Bank Group country classifications by income level for FY24","author":"Hamadeh","year":"2023"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18137023","article-title":"An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"Hirpa","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-022-00881-8","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of current tobacco use and non-user susceptibility to using tobacco products among school-going adolescents in 22 African countries: A secondary analysis of the 2013-2018 global youth tobacco surveys","volume":"80","author":"James","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Public Health = Archives Belges de Sante Publique"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30390-4","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in tobacco use among adolescents aged 13\u201315 years in 143 countries, 1999\u20132018: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052519","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1052519","article-title":"Prevalence of waterpipe smoking and its associated factors among adolescents aged 12-16 years in 73 countries\/territories","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00165-9","article-title":"Stages in the development of adolescent smoking","volume":"59","author":"Mayhew","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0002853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002853","article-title":"Reasons for shisha smoking: Findings from a mixed methods study among adult shisha smokers in Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Mdege","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Global Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa202","article-title":"Predictors of Cigarette Smoking, Smokeless Tobacco Consumption, and Use of both forms in Adolescents in South Asia: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys","volume":"23","author":"Mishu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0115","article-title":"Cigarette smoking among adolescents with alcohol and other drug use problems","volume":"29","author":"Myers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Research & Health: The Journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2011.03.002","article-title":"Smoking initiation among youth: The role of cigarette excise taxes and prices by race\/ethnicity and gender","volume":"30","author":"Nonnemaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_1424_21","article-title":"Knowledge and sociodemographic predictors of shisha smoking among students in a Nigerian university","volume":"25","author":"Otakhoigbogie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0196362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196362","article-title":"Tobacco use in Nigerian youth: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Oyewole","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0135","unstructured":"Pew Research Center Religion & Public Life. (2015). The Future of World Religions: Population Growth : Projections, 2010-2050. https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/2015\/04\/02\/religious-projections-2010-2050\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0140","unstructured":"Pokothoane, R. (2021). Econometric Analysis of Tobacco Use: Evidence from Lesotho Global Youth Tobacco Surveys [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Cape Town]. https:\/\/open.uct.ac.za\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/b0eb0e37-b3b3-4e1a-ac7d-bc6bca92e89e\/content."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1","article-title":"The age of adolescence","volume":"2","author":"Sawyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0150","unstructured":"StataCorp. (2021). Stata Statistical Software Release 17 (Version 17)."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02294.x","article-title":"Do graphic health warning labels have an impact on adolescents\u2019 smoking-related beliefs and behaviours?","volume":"103","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0160","article-title":"Fact Sheet: Tobacco Use in Adolescence","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Health Organization Region Office for Europe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0165","article-title":"Heated Tobacco Products: A Brief","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0170","article-title":"Noncommunicable disease surveillance, monitoring and reporting: Global Youth Tobacco Survey","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Health Organization."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0175","article-title":"WHO NCD Microdata Repository","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Health Organization."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0180","article-title":"WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023: Protect people from tobacco smoke","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Health Organization."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0185","article-title":"Hooking the next generation: How the tobacco industry captures young customers","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Health Organization."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02662-0","article-title":"Prevalence and trend of smokeless tobacco use and its associated factors among adolescents aged 12-16 years in 138 countries\/territories, 1999-2019","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352853224000580?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352853224000580?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T01:23:25Z","timestamp":1748913805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352853224000580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S2352853224000580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.05.24.24307910","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2352-8532"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8532","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among school-going adolescents in 53 African countries: Evidence from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2024.100581","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100581"}}