{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:55:23Z","timestamp":1792076123058,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["411232260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["411232260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T21:32:23Z","timestamp":1744061543000},"page":"100603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Toward the classification of social media use disorder: Clinical characterization and proposed diagnostic criteria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4734-1545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Moretta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9373-979X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Wegmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.193","article-title":"Social media use, mental health and sleep: A systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"367","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 5th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-015-0056-9","article-title":"Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review","volume":"2","author":"Andreassen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.02.026","article-title":"Response inhibition and internet gaming disorder: A meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Argyriou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941251314729","article-title":"Fear of missing out serially mediated by social media use and alcohol-related content on alcohol outcomes among college students: a cross-sectional examination","author":"Ayala Guzman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108240","article-title":"Psychopathological symptoms and social networking sites addiction in Poland and Germany: The role of fear of missing out and preference for online social interaction","volume":"156","author":"Balcerowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689608900711","article-title":"The D2 dopamine receptor gene as a determinant of reward deficiency syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Blum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e853","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13334","article-title":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-symptoms, social media use intensity, and social media use problems in adolescents: Investigating directionality","volume":"91","author":"Boer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106509","article-title":"\u201cI like it\u201d and \u201cI need it\u201d: Relationship between implicit associations, flow, and addictive social media use","volume":"113","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"6595","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn4189","article-title":"Can internet use become addictive?","volume":"376","author":"Brand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20240092","article-title":"Current advances in behavioral addictions: From fundamental research to clinical practice","volume":"182","author":"Brand","year":"2024","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13087","article-title":"Addiction research unit: Affective and cognitive mechanisms of specific Internet-use disorders","volume":"26","author":"Brand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.04.006","article-title":"Clarifying terminologies in research on gaming disorder and other addictive behaviors: Distinctions between core symptoms and underlying psychological processes","volume":"36","author":"Brand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032","article-title":"The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond Internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors","volume":"104","author":"Brand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","article-title":"Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model","volume":"71","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.49","article-title":"Strategies for self-controlling social media use: Classification and role in preventing social media addiction symptoms","volume":"8","author":"Brevers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650203257842","article-title":"Preference for online social interaction: A theory of problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being","volume":"30","author":"Caplan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2016.1197915","article-title":"A critical consideration of social networking sites\u2019 addiction potential","volume":"25","author":"Carbonell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction Research and Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.05.020","article-title":"Exploring the role of positive metacognitions in explaining the association between the fear of missing out and social media addiction","volume":"85","author":"Casale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15411","article-title":"Expert appraisal of criteria for assessing gaming disorder: An international Delphi study","volume":"116","author":"Castro-Calvo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2022.101145","article-title":"Assessing problematic use of social media: Where do we stand and what can be improved?","volume":"45","author":"Cataldo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00023","article-title":"Comparing generalized and specific problematic smartphone\/internet use: Longitudinal relationships between smartphone application-based addiction and social media addiction and psychological distress","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0115","article-title":"Problematic social media use may be ruining our sleep: A meta-analysis on the relationship between problematic social media use and sleep quality","volume":"1\u201336","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106845","article-title":"Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values","volume":"117","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.01.019","article-title":"Social interaction in online support groups: Preference for online social interaction over offline social interaction","volume":"29","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1598","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.26635\/6965.6565","article-title":"Impacts of digital technologies on child and adolescent health: Recommendations for safer screen use in educational settings","volume":"137","author":"Cullen","year":"2024","journal-title":"The New Zealand Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-020-00715-7","article-title":"Social media and depression symptoms: A meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.1\/bcuthbert","article-title":"Research Domain Criteria: Toward future psychiatric nosologies","volume":"17","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00082-5","article-title":"Addiction to social media and attachment styles: A systematic literature review","volume":"17","author":"D\u2019Arienzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.02.002","article-title":"A brief measure of social media self-control failure","volume":"84","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01705-w","article-title":"Association between problematic social networking use and anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2020-0870","article-title":"Fear of missing out (FOMO): Overview, theoretical underpinnings, and literature review on relations with severity of negative affectivity and problematic technology use","volume":"43","author":"Elhai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12378","article-title":"Pathological gambling: A review of the neurobiological evidence relevant for its classification as an addictive disorder","volume":"22","author":"Fauth-B\u00fchler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106839","article-title":"Fear of missing out and social networking sites use and abuse: A meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2020.100267","article-title":"How maladaptive cognitions contribute to the development of problematic social media use","volume":"11","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-023-00153-4","article-title":"A taxonomy of technology design features that promote potentially addictive online behaviours","volume":"2","author":"Flayelle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01810","article-title":"Inhibitory control in excessive social networking users: Evidence from an event-related potential-based Go-Nogo task","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45064","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45064","article-title":"Brain anatomy alterations associated with Social Networking Site (SNS) addiction","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026545","article-title":"Everyday temptations: An experience sampling study of desire, conflict, and self-control","volume":"102","author":"Hofmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020978434","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the problematic social media use and mental health","volume":"68","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106808","article-title":"A reward and incentive-sensitization perspective on compulsive use of social networking sites - Wanting but not liking predicts checking frequency and problematic use behavior","volume":"116","author":"Ihssen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2019.3","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in problematic Internet use: A meta-analysis of 40 studies","volume":"215","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-024-01349-2","article-title":"Checking in to check out? The effect of boredom on craving, behavioural inhibition and social networking site use","author":"Kolas","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06224-3","article-title":"The relationship between executive functioning and addictive behavior: New insights from a longitudinal community study","volume":"239","author":"Kr\u00e4plin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/15332861.2024.2421731","article-title":"Compulsive use of social media and unrestrained buying behavior: Delineating the role of social comparison, fear of missing out and self esteem","volume":"23","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Internet Commerce"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-019-09402-x","article-title":"A systematic meta-review of impulsivity and compulsivity in addictive behaviors","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01717","article-title":"The craving and excitement of social networking sites addicts: Based on cue-reactivity","volume":"10","author":"Leng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290724","article-title":"The relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Leow","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2023.2245870","article-title":"A network analysis approach to core symptoms and symptom relationships of problematic social media use among young adults","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information, Communication & Society"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9091201","article-title":"Longitudinal relationships between nomophobia, addictive use of social media and insomnia in adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19607-x","article-title":"A computational reward learning account of social media engagement","volume":"12","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.08.039","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the relationship of academic performance and social network site use among adolescents and young adults","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.040","article-title":"Problematic digital gaming behavior and its relation to the psychological, social and physical health of Finnish adolescents and young adults","volume":"4","author":"M\u00e4nnikk\u00f6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107380","article-title":"Is psychological distress the key factor in the association between problematic social networking sites and poor sleep quality?","volume":"133","author":"Marino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.06.011","article-title":"\u201cFacebocrastination\u201d? Predictors of using Facebook for procrastination and its effects on students\u2019 well-being","volume":"64","author":"Meier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00439","article-title":"Nucleus accumbens response to gains in reputation for the self relative to gains for others predicts social media use","volume":"7","author":"Meshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-020-01484-2","article-title":"Social relational factors of excessive internet use in four European countries","volume":"65","author":"Miku\u0161ka","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0290","first-page":"109","article-title":"Unveiling the dark side of social networking sites: Personal and work-related consequences of social networking site addiction","volume":"55","author":"Moqbel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Manager"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.07.014","article-title":"Modeling problematic Facebook use: Highlighting the role of mood regulation and preference for online social interaction","volume":"87","author":"Moretta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00040","article-title":"Motivated attention to stimuli related to social networking sites: A cue-reactivity study","volume":"10","author":"Moretta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-021-00879-9","article-title":"Response inhibition in problematic social network sites use: An ERP study","volume":"21","author":"Moretta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152286","article-title":"Tracing 20 years of research on problematic use of the internet and social media: Theoretical models, assessment tools, and an agenda for future work","volume":"112","author":"Moretta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.12.036","article-title":"Problematic social media use is statistically predicted by using social media for coping motives and by positive reinforcement processes in individuals with high COVID-19-related stress levels","volume":"158","author":"Moretta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0059","article-title":"Problematic internet use: The relationship between resting heart rate variability and emotional modulation of inhibitory control","volume":"22","author":"Moretta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-023-00261-8","article-title":"The psychobiology of problematic use of social media","volume":"10","author":"Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"CurrentBehavioral Neuroscience Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00013","article-title":"Proposed diagnostic criteria for compulsive buying-shopping disorder: A Delphi expert consensus study","volume":"10","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152228","article-title":"Deficits in executive functions but not in decision making under risk in individuals with problematic social-network use","volume":"106","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2021.100070","article-title":"Social media use, social anxiety, and loneliness: A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"O\u2019Day","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2016.12.008","article-title":"Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out","volume":"55","author":"Oberst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041885","article-title":"Problematic social media use and health among adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Paakkari","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107813","article-title":"\u201cUsing digital media or sleeping\u2026 that is the question\u201d. A meta-analysis on digital media use and unhealthy sleep in adolescence","volume":"146","author":"Pagano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.02.014","article-title":"Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out","volume":"29","author":"Przybylski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2023.2288846","article-title":"FoMO predicts alcohol use and harms over and above the big five personality traits among university students","volume":"30","author":"Riordan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Use"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P","article-title":"The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.9611038.x","article-title":"Incentive-sensitization and addiction","volume":"96","author":"Robinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2025.100584","article-title":"The impact of social networking addiction on the academic achievement of university students globally: A meta-analysis","author":"Salari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health in Practice"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsy051","article-title":"What the brain 'Likes': Neural correlates of providing feedback on social media","volume":"13","author":"Sherman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797616645673","article-title":"Jul). The power of the like in adolescence: Effects of peer influence on neural and behavioral responses to social media","volume":"27","author":"Sherman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721003652","article-title":"Validity of the DSM-5 craving criterion for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and non-prescription use of prescription painkillers (opioids)","volume":"53","author":"Shmulewitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00007","article-title":"The role of executive function deficits, delay aversion and emotion dysregulation in internet gaming disorder and social media disorder: Links to psychosocial outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Soares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00053","article-title":"Identifying the central symptoms of problematic social networking sites use through network analysis","volume":"10","author":"Svicher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04985-5","article-title":"Conceptualising social media addiction: A longitudinal network analysis of social media addiction symptoms and their relationships with psychological distress in a community sample of adults","volume":"23","author":"Tullett-Prado","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2025.102247","article-title":"Overloaded yet addicted? A meta-analysis of the outcomes of social media overload","author":"Tyrv\u00e4inen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0420","article-title":"Predictors of problematic social media use in a nationally representative sample of adolescents in luxembourg","volume":"18","author":"van Duin","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Enviromental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264738","article-title":"The roles of implicit approach motivation and explicit reward in excessive and problematic use of social networking sites","volume":"17","author":"Wadsley","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13050787","article-title":"A systematic review of structural and functional MRI studies investigating social networking site use","volume":"13","author":"Wadsley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2022.111705","article-title":"Are there gender differences in comorbidity symptoms networks of problematic social media use, anxiety and depression symptoms? Evidence from network analysis","volume":"195","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Personality & Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-019-00286-8","article-title":"A narrative overview about psychosocial characteristics as risk factors of a problematic social networks use","volume":"6","author":"Wegmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00067","article-title":"Feels good, and less bad: Problematic use of the Internet is associated with heightened experiences of both gratification and compensation","author":"Wegmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2023.152392","article-title":"Online compulsive buying-shopping disorder and social networks-use disorder: More similarities than differences?","volume":"124","author":"Wegmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00036","article-title":"Social-networks-related stimuli interferes decision making under ambiguity: Interactions with cue-induced craving and problematic social-networks use","volume":"10","author":"Wegmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2017.04.001","article-title":"Online-specific fear of missing out and Internet-use expectancies contribute to symptoms of Internet-communication disorder","volume":"5","author":"Wegmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00007","article-title":"Problematic use of digital media in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder compared to controls. A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Werling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0470","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022). ICD-11: International classification of diseases (11th revision). https:\/\/icd.who.int\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105893","article-title":"Prevalence and socio-demographic, anthropometric, and cognitive correlates of internet gaming disorder among children in China","volume":"122","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.048","article-title":"Neuroimaging impaired response inhibition and salience attribution in human drug addiction: A systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Zilverstand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352853225000215?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352853225000215?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T05:24:20Z","timestamp":1748928260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352853225000215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["S2352853225000215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8532"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8532","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toward the classification of social media use disorder: Clinical characterization and proposed diagnostic criteria","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100603","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100603"}}